Please explain this in detail. Thank you. 1. How would you test whether or not a species is capable of and uses chemotaxis? 2. How would you test whether or not a trait is cooperative? why? 3. Do you think that group selection affects evolution of natural populations? Why or why not? 4. Do you think that group selection affects evolution of natural populations? Why or why not? Solution Ques-1: How would you test whether or not a species is capable of and uses chemotaxis? The movement of anyt species towards a substance where higher concentration of substance is located therefore it can be examined this chemotaxis behaviors of any bacteria or eukaryote based on \"chemotaxis assays\" (Agar-plate techniques or two chmber Boyden plate techniques) choosing the chemoattractant and chemorepellent features of selected chemicals character of ligands. The chemotxis can be examined based on the species migration towards the chemoattractant & motility can be examined by surface colonization. For instance, chemotaxis: CheY is a phosphoprotein that predominantly utilizes intermediary metabolites. These metabolites are including, carbamoyl associated phosphate donors responsible for chemoattrcat properties & promote migration of species towards it. CheY possess solely a regulatory domain with a specific structure that is a/B followed by having a 5-stranded parallel with 5 helices of 8 sheets. Bacterial flagellar-containing species are attracted to amino acid such for instance CheY possess a single individual tryptophan thereby it can produce structural conformational change at Trp-58 that is adjacent to the site of phosphorylation, Asp- 57..