Plato
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Plato believed in realism, that ideal forms or ideas make up ultimate reality. These forms are timeless, unchanging, and immaterial, unlike the changing world perceived through the senses. Knowledge from the senses is unreliable because sensory objects disintegrate, while reason alone can reveal true knowledge. Plato founded his own school, the Academy, after traveling to seek answers and returning with more knowledge and information to develop his philosophical theories on forms, art, ethics, politics, religion, and mathematics. He believed reason was the supreme authority for accepting knowledge over opinions based on the senses.
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Getting into AS Level Philosophy - Plato
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In my AS year, I thought I would upload my revision notes I made and see what happened.
Yes, I bombed. So I stopped
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What do you think?
It would be helpful if you left a comment and thank you !
Socrates, plato and the sophists 2.ppt
Socrates was a famous philosopher in ancient Greece who is considered the father of western philosophy. Though he never wrote anything down, his student Plato documented their conversations. Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth and impiety, found guilty, and sentenced to death. He stood up for his principles against the Sophists, who argued that truth was subjective based on experience rather than objective forms discovered through reason. Plato further developed Socrates' ideas by proposing a metaphysical realm of eternal forms that provided the perfect concepts of justice, goodness, and truth.
Plato
The document provides background information on Plato and his philosophical ideas:
- Plato was a student of Socrates and founded the Academy in Athens, where he taught Aristotle. He is known for his dialogues which discuss concepts like truth, goodness, and beauty.
- In his dialogues, Plato used myths and allegories to convey his philosophical views, such as the Allegory of the Cave and the theory of Forms.
- Plato's theory of Forms proposes that perfect, eternal ideas or forms of things exist independently of the material world, which is just an imperfect reflection of these forms.
Socratic method
The document describes the Socratic method, which has five distinct characteristics. It begins with skepticism and questioning one's own knowledge. It then uses conversation and dialogue through question and answer to uncover truths. It seeks precise definitions of concepts. These definitions are then tested against examples and experiences. Finally, the logical implications of the definitions are deduced to evaluate them. The method influenced both Plato and Aristotle's philosophical approaches.
The Theme & Major Components of the Thought World of Plato
Plato (428/427 or 424/423–348/347 BCE) was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece. He is considered an essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, and he founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his teacher Socrates and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the foundations of Western philosophy and science (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2002). Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato" (Whitehead, 1978).
Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. His lasting themes include Platonic love, the theory of forms, the five regimes, and innate knowledge, among others. His theory of forms launched a unique perspective on abstract objects, and led to a school of thought called Platonism. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts (Irwin, 2011).
Plato and mathematics
Plato was a Greek philosopher born around 427 BCE who established an influential school called the Academy. He was greatly influenced by his teacher Socrates and wrote philosophical dialogues featuring Socrates discussing various topics. Plato believed that true knowledge came from comprehending abstract forms rather than material things perceived by the senses. He developed theories about mathematics being essential for understanding reality's highest forms. Pythagoras, who lived in the 6th century BCE, heavily influenced Plato and believed that numbers expressed the essence of all things.
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Socrates was born in Athens in 469 BCE and originally worked as a sculptor. He is known for practicing the Socratic method of questioning beliefs and exposing inconsistencies. In 399 BCE, Socrates was tried and convicted for corrupting the youth and impiety. The most damaging accusation against him was his association with Critias. He was sentenced to death by hemlock poisoning. Socrates' teachings and philosophy had a lasting influence on Western thought.
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The Sophists were traveling teachers in ancient Athens who charged fees to educate wealthy citizens. They believed that truth was subjective and depended on circumstances rather than absolutes. This contradicted Socrates' view that morality could be objectively defined. Socrates used questioning dialogues to expose contradictions in people's beliefs and advance his view that virtue and wisdom come from seeking moral truths. However, his criticism of Athenian society led to his trial and execution by poisoning, establishing him as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
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Getting into AS Level Philosophy - Plato
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Topic = Plato
In my AS year, I thought I would upload my revision notes I made and see what happened.
Yes, I bombed. So I stopped
So now that I am in my A2 year, things are a lot more challenging so I thought I should give it another go.
What do you think?
It would be helpful if you left a comment and thank you !
Socrates, plato and the sophists 2.ppt
Socrates was a famous philosopher in ancient Greece who is considered the father of western philosophy. Though he never wrote anything down, his student Plato documented their conversations. Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth and impiety, found guilty, and sentenced to death. He stood up for his principles against the Sophists, who argued that truth was subjective based on experience rather than objective forms discovered through reason. Plato further developed Socrates' ideas by proposing a metaphysical realm of eternal forms that provided the perfect concepts of justice, goodness, and truth.
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The document provides background information on Plato and his philosophical ideas:
- Plato was a student of Socrates and founded the Academy in Athens, where he taught Aristotle. He is known for his dialogues which discuss concepts like truth, goodness, and beauty.
- In his dialogues, Plato used myths and allegories to convey his philosophical views, such as the Allegory of the Cave and the theory of Forms.
- Plato's theory of Forms proposes that perfect, eternal ideas or forms of things exist independently of the material world, which is just an imperfect reflection of these forms.
Socratic method
The document describes the Socratic method, which has five distinct characteristics. It begins with skepticism and questioning one's own knowledge. It then uses conversation and dialogue through question and answer to uncover truths. It seeks precise definitions of concepts. These definitions are then tested against examples and experiences. Finally, the logical implications of the definitions are deduced to evaluate them. The method influenced both Plato and Aristotle's philosophical approaches.
The Theme & Major Components of the Thought World of Plato
Plato (428/427 or 424/423–348/347 BCE) was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece. He is considered an essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, and he founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his teacher Socrates and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the foundations of Western philosophy and science (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2002). Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato" (Whitehead, 1978).
Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. His lasting themes include Platonic love, the theory of forms, the five regimes, and innate knowledge, among others. His theory of forms launched a unique perspective on abstract objects, and led to a school of thought called Platonism. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts (Irwin, 2011).
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The Sophists were traveling teachers in ancient Athens who charged fees to educate wealthy citizens. They believed that truth was subjective and depended on circumstances rather than absolutes. This contradicted Socrates' view that morality could be objectively defined. Socrates used questioning dialogues to expose contradictions in people's beliefs and advance his view that virtue and wisdom come from seeking moral truths. However, his criticism of Athenian society led to his trial and execution by poisoning, establishing him as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
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1) Reason and revelation are two approaches to assessing religious claims, through reasoned arguments or revelations respectively. Deductive and inductive reasoning are also discussed.
2) Plato and Aristotle laid the foundations of Western philosophy between the 6th-4th century BCE. Plato believed in two worlds, the physical and perfect worlds, and that we perceive shadows of true forms.
3) Plato's analogy of the cave illustrates that most people are imprisoned by their limited perceptions, and the journey to truth is philosophical. Forms like justice exist beyond normal perception in the perfect world.
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This document provides an agenda and background information for a discussion on Plato and his early dialogues. It summarizes Plato's life and works, introduces Socrates and the distinction between the historical Socrates and Plato's literary portrayal of him. It explains Plato's method of elenchus and how his dialogues typically end in aporia. It also briefly outlines Plato's Euthyphro dialogue and introduces the concept of divine command theory.
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The Greek Triumvirate of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is considered the golden era of Greek philosophy. During this period, philosophy reached its highest level of perfection which coincided with Greece's political dominance. These philosophers shifted focus from material substances to inquiries about human virtues, justice, happiness, and the state. Known as the Socratic method, Socrates engaged in questioning others to expose ignorance and inconsistencies in their beliefs, establishing the foundation of philosophical reasoning that influenced both Plato and Aristotle.
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Plato believed that true knowledge comes from comprehending eternal, unchanging forms/ideas that represent concepts like beauty, justice, and goodness. He used three similes - the Sun, the Line, and the Cave - to explain his Theory of Forms. The Sun simile portrayed the form of the Good as the source of truth, like the sun provides light. The Line simile depicted different levels of understanding moving from images to forms. The Cave simile represented people trapped in a cave seeing only shadows on the wall, unable to comprehend true reality outside. Plato used these similes to illustrate his view that true knowledge comes from rational understanding of the forms, not from sensory experience.
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Notes
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1) Reason and revelation are two approaches to assessing religious claims, through reasoned arguments or revelations respectively. Deductive and inductive reasoning are also discussed.
2) Plato and Aristotle laid the foundations of Western philosophy between the 6th-4th century BCE. Plato believed in two worlds, the physical and perfect worlds, and that we perceive shadows of true forms.
3) Plato's analogy of the cave illustrates that most people are imprisoned by their limited perceptions, and the journey to truth is philosophical. Forms like justice exist beyond normal perception in the perfect world.
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According to Plato, true knowledge requires justified true belief. In his Simile of the Line, he outlines four levels of understanding - images, sensible objects, concepts, and Forms. Images are dependent representations, while sensible objects are physical things. Concepts involve theories and sciences. However, only grasping the eternal and perfect Forms, which exist independently of the physical world, constitutes the highest level of knowledge. The Forms are archetypes that sensible objects imperfectly imitate.
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Socrates was an Athenian philosopher known for questioning the elite of Athens and exposing their lack of knowledge. He believed that virtue comes from knowledge and that the unexamined life is not worth living. This led to his trial and death by hemlock poisoning. Plato was Socrates' student and recorded his teachings and method of questioning in dialogues. Aristotle studied under Plato and made significant contributions to logic, metaphysics, and ethics.
3. lcre section a topic 1.2 the tradition of search socrates
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were influential ancient Greek philosophers. Socrates focused on ethics and believed that true happiness came from living virtuously according to universal definitions of justice. Plato developed the theory of forms which distinguished between the imperfect sensory world and the perfect spiritual world of ideas. He was distrustful of the senses. Aristotle believed that forms exist in particular objects and recognized that knowledge comes from both the senses and intellect, laying a foundation for scientific thought and principles of cause and effect.
Protagorean Relativism
Protagoras believed that truth is subjective and relative to each individual's perceptions, such that there is no objective truth and all perspectives are equally valid. His view that "man is the measure of all things" suggests that what is true for each person is determined by their own beliefs and experiences. However, the document critiques this view as untenable because statements cannot be considered truly true unless they correspond to objective reality, not just individual perceptions.
THE WHEEL SPEAKS ON 2014 - Philosophy
This document discusses and compares the philosophies of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant. It provides background on their lives and influences on their thinking. For Mill, it describes his upbringing and relationship with Harriet Taylor. For Kant, it discusses his early career and long period of not publishing. The document then analyzes some differences in their approaches, with Mill influenced more by privilege and Kant connecting his reasoning to his own struggles. It provides definitions for "duty" and "consequences" to frame a discussion of their differing views on whether actions should be based on duty or consequences. Two hypothetical scenarios are presented to illustrate debates around duty versus consequences.
The Sophists
The document discusses the Sophists and their influence in ancient Athens during the rise of democracy. The Sophists were itinerant teachers who charged fees to teach rhetoric, debate, and public speaking skills that were useful for law and politics. Their teachings emphasized the power of persuasion over truth and moral relativism. This caused tensions but also contributed to the growth of Athenian democracy by training citizens in the skills needed for self-governance and encouraging tolerance of different views. The most famous Sophist, Protagoras, claimed that "man is the measure of all things," which threatened traditional Athenian religion and values. Socrates took a different approach by questioning people to uncover definitions and ethical standards through logic rather than
The Sophists
The document discusses the Sophists and Socrates in ancient Athens. It provides background on the Sophists, who charged fees to teach rhetoric and debate skills to the wealthy classes. Their teachings emphasized argument over truth and contributed to tensions in Athens. The most famous Sophist, Protagoras, claimed "man is the measure of all things," which was seen as radical. Socrates took a different approach by questioning people to uncover definitions and ethical standards through logical analysis rather than teaching for pay. He was ultimately tried for heresy and corrupting youth, and executed. Plato was a student of Socrates and founded the Academy in Athens to continue philosophical teachings.
Essay About Philosophy
Philosophy involves the investigation of existence through subfields like epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. It uses methods of critical, rational, and reflective thinking to find conclusions. Philosophy differs from religion in its emphasis on critical thinking and analysis over faith. In Plato's Republic, he outlines his ideal society and identifies virtues like temperance, courage, wisdom, and justice as necessary for a good life.
Ancient greek philosophers legacy - vr redes
Ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle developed theories of education and learning. Socrates used questioning to lead students to truth through dialectic. Plato believed knowledge comes from recollection of ideas and the role of education is to transform students' souls. Aristotle was a realist who believed knowledge comes from experience and study of the material world. He viewed education as developing citizens' rational abilities through habituation and instruction. Their theories emphasize using questioning, discussion, and applying ideas to develop critical thinking skills.
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3. lcre section a topic 1.2 the tradition of search socrates
3. lcre section a topic 1.2 the tradition of search socrates
Plato
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