polyester modification

1. VIVEK YADAV
vivekntcgzb@gmail.com
9457631264

2. Compact structure
Surface energy* < 41 dynes/cm
Contact angle ≈ 70 o
C
Very less functional groups which can interact with
dyes
Smooth fibre surface
Leads to
 Less hydrophilicity
 High dyeing difficulty
*Surface energy is defined as the interaction between the forces of cohesion and the forces of
adhesion which determines whether or not wetting occurs on spreading a liquid over a
surface.

4. Surface activation
Surface etching
Functional group generation
Surface polymerization

7. Air
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Peroxide
Steam, etc.
Combination of gases

8. In situ polymerization
Post polymerization
Polymerization done using
Acrylic acid
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Methyl methacrylate, etc.

9. Wettability
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Atomic Force Microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Dyeability (K/S value)

10. Exposure time (s)
Surface energy
increased to about
73 dynes/cm
1 5
20
80

11. Pressure (kPa)
0.5 9
20
80

12. Gas flow rate

14. Dyeability behavior is claimed to be as same as
wettability
Introduction of COOH functional group
Graft polymerization of monomers like acrylic acid
Cationic dyeable
Surface etching enhances the shade depth
Exposure time