Cities of the future will have to be viewed, considered, planned, designed, constructed and managed based on consideration of sustainability, inclusiveness, safety and security. Cities will have to be role model of conserving land, minimizing the the consumption of energy; making cities water neutral , zero waste, material efficient. Promoting, preserving and making value addition to Climate, environment , ecology and bio-diversity shall be the underlying philosophy of urban planning. Cities will be planned to meet the basic needs of all inhabitants and not their greed. Cities will be held in the co-operative ownership eliminating individual ownership. Cities will be mandated to meet all the basic needs of human living including shelter, food, employment , clothing, education and healthcare. Poorest of the poor will have all the basic amenities. Unplanned, haphazard and sub-standard development will have no place in the city development. Technology will be used for promoting efficiency, economy, productivity and transparency in decision making and working besides connecting communities . Cities will be managed by professionals- architects, planners and engineers and not be bureaucrats, having no knowledge and understanding of the urban development. Cities will create ownership and commitment on the part of all stakeholders. each city will have a well defined vision and mission to achieve. Local governance will have precedent over state's dictates and policies.

1. Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414
Strategies and Options for
Planning Future Cities in
India

4. Global Context of Cities

5. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities- known to command power and authority
• Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions.
• Cities- known for both -- positivities and negativities
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/ activities,
infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
• Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
• Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
• Cities – also known for their negativities,
• Cities – large consumers of resources/energy/ land
• Cities- generators of 70% waste;-- consume 60% global energy -
generating 70% of carbon footprints
• --98% /56% cities in low& middle/high income economies - do not meet
air quality WHO norms Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- destroy natural habitat-anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living conditions
• cities – house both rich and poor

6. Cities and their Context
• Cities- home to large migrants
• Cities- home to slums
• Cities- remain in crisis- both -natural and manmade
• Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
• Cities – ever evolving and devolving, never static
• Cities – to remain dominant in future
• Cities- drivers/definers of nation’s future
• Cities largely responsible for climate change ,global
warming, manmade disasters etc-
• However Cities - needs rationalization
• Cities --need to be made more
• -- bio-diverse; productive, effective, efficient, humane,
• - livable, inclusive, safe, Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy
place to live /work

7. Indian Urbanization
• 250 million in 1919
• 1210 million in 2011
• 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50%
in Urban India.
• Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-
68(2031)
• 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9
(2051)
• During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4
times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
- India heading to be most populated
country on this planet-2036

9. Urbanization-issues

10. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
• 70% GDP generated by cities
• 80% Revenue generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
• 270 million net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
• 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day

11. Options for
Planning
future cities

12. SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable

14. Planning for Future cities
• Sustainable Visioning--Promoting State of art Planned
Development-Weaving nature with development- bio-
diversity
• -Carrying out land suitability analysis
• Making cities Compact
• Making Cities Spongy- keeping large area open/ promote
water harvesting--ground water charging
• Planning cities based on Circular Economy
• --Making cities Inclusive--Making Cities Safe
• --Leveraging Technology
• Making cities Green/blue - Leveraging landscape/water
• -Leveraging Culture, Heritage, Art / Architecture
• -Creating Quality Public Spaces
• -Designing low energy Buildings
• -Making cities community/people centric
• -Creating ownership
• Reconnecting cities to food productivity
• - integrating agriculture into cities through holistic architecture

15. New Order of Planning- Regional Planning
- --Reviewing planning tool
- New order of planning
- -to focus on Regional Planning:
- -for Synergizing urban and rural areas
---- Avoiding Urban Sprawl
-- Stopping melting of cities
– - Empowering cities/villages to making
– productive,
– self-sufficient
– sustainable,
– energy/resource efficient,
– livable and humane,
– safe, resilient
– reducing carbon footprints, global
warming, climate change-Reducing
global warming

16. CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)

17. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
– promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses / Building bye-laws
-Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
----- optimizing current infrastructure.
.

18. COMPACT CITY

19. Curitiba's BRT corridors run along
high-density developed area

20. Planning Circular Economy Cities
• City planning /development to be based on;
• -- - Making waste integral part of city planning/ development
process
• --Optimization of available resources
• -- Planning for zero waste
• -Recycling all waste
• --Converting waste to compost
• - Using waste for constructing buildings
• -- Using waste for constructing infrastructure
• -- Generating Energy from waste--sewerage network
• - Creating systems for reinventing use of waste.
• - Promoting R&D for valuing waste

21. Planning for Spongy Cities
Making Cities Spongy by-
- Making green and blue as integral part of city planning
-Protecting existing flora/fauna existing in city
-Protecting all water bodies / rivers/water channels
- providing large open spaces
- Using low lying area for creating water bodies/green spaces
- promote Rain water harvesting
-Reducing urban temperature/heat island-
- Promoting city forests-- planting more trees
• -- --reducing hard paving
• Designing Green Buildings-

22. Green City of World –Musdar –
Abu Dhabi-UAE
 A city of 50,000population
 City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
 working/ living area-- not farther
than200 mts from transportation nodes.
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city

23. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning –Making city compact—providing mix land
uses – promting Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
2.
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .—Large trips via public transport ;
bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---extensive green (vegetation)
and blue (water) networks – for quality living /working environment.
4. Water bodies --linked for circulation – enhancing ecology , environment ,
recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond -rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.

24. GREEN
TRANSPORTATION

26. CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN& MACHINE

27. ISSUES:--Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•low road capacity; poor road geometry;
•large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient/ poor public transportation;
• high degree of environmental pollution;
• low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles/pedestrians
• poor traffic management;
• mismatch between vehicle density/ road
capacity;
•multiplicity of agencies involved
• absence of unified regulatory authority;
• acute problems of parking;
•Unsafe roads – second largest killer- every
3.5 minutes somebody losing life- every 55
seconds an accident recorded on Indian
roads
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA

28. Transportation- Options
• Minimize travel- Making cities compact-
• Planning for mixed land-use/ TOD
• Changing priority for travel-
• Planning for People-- not for vehicles
• Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
• Promoting Cycling
• Promoting Mass Transportation
• Pricing Roads
• Making Equitable allocation of road space

29. Defining Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Transport --
• -- sometimes known as Green Transport
• -- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
• -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
• -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy

30. •Promoting use of Bicycle as
preferred mode of travel for majority
of intra- city travel being :
 Most inexpensive
 Most flexible
 Environmental friendly
 Zero pollution
 Zero Energy Vehicle
 Occupying minimum road space
 Requiring minimum Parking
Space
 Promoting National Economy
 Promoting Human Health
 Reducing depletion of Non-
renewable resources
 Best option for travelling over
short distance.
SMART TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING

32. JANMARG AHMEDABAD

33. .
EQUITABLE
ALLOCATION
OF
ROAD SPACE

34. .
SINGAP-
ORE
MODEL
OF
ROAD
PRICING

35. •Planning/
Designing
Sustainable /
Green
Buildings

38. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world’s
CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Buildings planned, designed and operated with utmost care
for considerations--- energy/ sustainability/resources

39. Defining- Green Buildings
•Buildings can achieve zero carbon by; Adopting Integrated
approach to design-Planning with nature, natural elements,
Climate, Evolving passive building design,- eliminating using
fossil fuel --for heating, cooling /air conditioning
• using on-site/off-site renewable energy,Retrofitting Buildings
•reducing use of high global warming potential refrigerants

40. Advantages of Green Buildings

41. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
– We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body

42. •GREENING
CITIES

43. Global- Tree Count

44. Open Spaces

45. Central Park New York- 700 Acs Vaux and
Olmsted'

46. Hyde Park London- 253 Hectare

47. PERTH- Australia

48. Chandigarh Master Plan- Le Corbusier

49. Public housing --Singapore, seven 50-story towers
connected by 1,600-foot-recreational “sky garden.”
-- high-density development
accommodating growth in compact city-state.

50. Singapore-- Super trees in 250-acre Gardens by Bay.
-- High-tech structures range from 80 to 160 feet
-- collect solar energy to power a nightly light show.
-- trunks are vertical gardens, laced with more than 150,000 living plants.

51. Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space
per person. Buenos Aires’s two sq meters / person

52. SMART
TECHNOLOGIES

53. Using Smart Technologies-
Implementing IOT- Traffic, Transportation, Urban
Planning, managing infrastructures/services, solid
waste management, parking, pollutions, payments etc
- digital bus stops- bus schedule,
--sensor based garbage bins
- Promoting accessibility
-Managing Traffic/parking – Managing
servicesMinimizing travel --Tackling noise-
Planning cities-
Preparing Master Plans/ Development Plans
- Making amendment in MP/DP
- Monitoring Delivery of services- water supply
--Tackling air pollution
--creating platform for efficiency--breaking silos
-- lodging complaints/ --making payments on line
--rendering services on line

54. QUALITY
LEADERSHIP
•

55. Jaimy Learner- Mayor Curitiba-
BRTS, TOD, Spongy Cities, SWM

56. •FUTURE
CITIES

57. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
•Date: 1991
•Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000 sft.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156 sectors
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles per
hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach top floor
from ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;
•Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft

58. Earth Scraper – Mexico City
• Location- Mexico City
• Depth 300 m below ground
• Designed as Inverted Pyramid
• Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
• Preserve the cities historic
centre and heritage buildings
surrounding square.
• Interior of building to look
natural.
• Building to be city”s top retail
destination.

59. •
• Future Cities-Niti Ayog Report, September 2021 on
• -- ‘ Reforms in Urban Planning Capacity in India’—
• Cities of future- Planned, designed, developed /operated with nature
• Achieving agenda defined under SDG 11-
• making cities and communities-sustainable, safe, resilient/ inclusive
• - making optimum use of natural resources of sun, air and verdure.
• Planning cities to be zero-carbon/ net zero-energy,/net zero-water and net zero-waste
 Cities to be environment / community/human centric- involving communities
 Identifying/preserving /promoting existing flora, fauna vegetation/water resources
 Planning Compact cities-- Optimizing / minimizing use of land for urbanization -
Rationalizing land use norms -- using land 24 x7 x365-- building vertically; increasing
densities, using spaces below/above cities for urban purposes; limiting areas under
roads/parking;
 -Adopting principle of limited land and unlimited space
 Reordering- transportation - made Green with focus on minimizing travel/ travel demand
 Minimizing flooding- planning spongy cities/ increasing green spaces / blue spaces
 Minimizing waste-Planning Circular Economy Cities
 Promoting green built environment- Planning for safety
 Planning using best options of technologies – redefining planning tools/MP/DP
 Redefining Planning education- having more quality planning professionals

60. •
• Three Mantra for Sustainable/
Inclusive/ Resilient cities
1. Achieve smart growth
• -- finding best options to do things sustainably
• -- promote economic growth for people –
• -- making them earn good livelihood
• -- make them enjoy a good quality of life.
• 2. Do more with less–
• -- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
• Cities to collect, manage/spend resources effectively/ efficiently
• 3. Win support for change-
• - City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive & visible results,
• - build support for changes.
• -- Based on high-performing civil servants-- made accountable
for their work—Singapore model

61. CREATING Smart/Sustainable CITIES POSES
GREATEST CHALLENGE TO PLANNERS/
PROFESSIONALS