The document discusses the need for archaeological information systems to model concepts and ideas from archaeological data in a practical way. It advocates building on existing standards like CIDOC-CRM and CRM-EH to create robust data models that can represent temporality, uncertainty, subjectivity, and multivocality in archaeological data. Recent experiences at Wessex Archaeology developing spatial data infrastructure approaches based on events, people, places, and stuff are provided as an example.
Digital Identities #change11 Live Slides PresentationBonnie Stewart
Live session on the Six Key Selves (more or less) of Digital Identities operating within networked publics. By Bonnie Stewart of UPEI, #change11 MOOC, May 9th, 2012.
Digital Identities #change11 Live Slides PresentationBonnie Stewart
Live session on the Six Key Selves (more or less) of Digital Identities operating within networked publics. By Bonnie Stewart of UPEI, #change11 MOOC, May 9th, 2012.
Academic Twitter: The intersection of orality & literacy in scholarship?Bonnie Stewart
Digital identities, collapsed publics, and academic Twitter, through the lens of David Bowie (with a little Walter Ong thrown in).
A talk for the LSE NetworkED series, January 2016.
Locauxmotiv - bonne pratique - l'autogestion d'un tiers lieuxLe Moulin Digital
A l'occasion de l'événement "Inventons des lieux hybrides pour faire autrement" le 26/05 à Chatuzange-le-Goubet, plusieurs bonnes pratiques ont été présentées.
Voici une bonne pratique de Locauxmotiv: un tiers lieux autogéré
Plus qu'un simple espace de coworking, Locaux Motiv' est un espace de rencontres, d'échanges et de travail coopératif réunissant des ressources matérielles et immatérielles propres à générer des synergies collectives, créatives, solidaires et économiques sur le territoire de la Guillotière. Par là, Locaux Motiv’ entend participer au développement, à l’animation et à la vie de ce quartier.
http://locauxmotiv.fr/
Archaeological Computing Research Group (ACRG) Seminar: Digital Spatial Techn...Paul Cripps
Digital Spatial Technologies have become central to modern archaeological practice. There are a number of interrelated strands to this which can be broadly categorised as capture, management, analysis/interpretation, visualisation and dissemination.
Techniques and technologies used to capture spatial data include: Total Station Theodolites (TST), Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), Airborne Laser Scanners (ALS) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); computational photography including Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), Structure from Motion (SfM) and photogrammetry.
Allied with this are tools and techniques to support management, analysis, visualisation and dissemination including more robust, ontologically driven, semantically enabled data models and Archaeological Information Systems (AIS) to handle both spatial and spatially referenced digital data and all manner of visualisations and interfaces (2D, 3D, graphs, web, portals, etc) for resource discovery, analysis and dissemination.
Digital resources are being made accessible like never before, with spatiality forming a key component, opening up new potential with platforms such as Google Earth and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) for research, public access and heritage management either here, now, or becoming possible, drawing on and breathing new life into archaeological archives and indices.
All of this combines to help us as archaeologists create richer, multi-vocal, data driven narratives and theoretical frameworks and ultimately better understand the past and convey this to a wider audience. Drawing on experiences from one of the UKs largest archaeological units as well as ongoing projects across the heritage domain in which I have participated or observed, this talk aims to give a personal view on where we as a discipline are at and some ideas for where we can go next.
The use of Spatial Technologies and digital tools and techniques in ArchaeologyPaul Cripps
A presentation given the MSc students studying Archaeological Computing at the University of Southampton on the subject of spatial technologies in archaeology drawing on the tools and technologies used by Wessex Archaeology and other practitioners of archaeological computing, aimed at giving them an idea of what is and what can be done. Part of a CAA seminar series.
Ontologies for multimedia: the Semantic Culture WebGuus Schreiber
Keynote, International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technology (SAMT 2006), Athens, 7 December 2006. Slide design with lots of help of Lora Aroyo.
Presented to "Managing the Material: Tackling Visual Arts as Research Data" workshop, organised by Visual Arts Data Service (VADS) in conjunction with the Digital Curation Centre (DCC), through the JISC-funded KAPTUR project. London, 14 September 2012
Real-time Visualisation of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Archaeology Da...Marcus Smith
Real-time Visualisation of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Archaeology Data in Landscape Reconstructions
Paper presented at CAA-SE 2013, Lund, by Phil Buckland and Marcus Smith
Public Access through technology; Using archaeological computing to interact ...Paul Cripps
A presentation given at Strode College for students from the University of Plymouth, Truro College and Strode College , aimed at given them an overview on how technology is used to engage with the public using examples from Wessex Archaeology and other sources
Marie-Claire Beaulieu and Michèle Brunet's Paper presented at Second North American Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy University of California at Berkeley (USA)
on 2016, January 4
http://aleshire.berkeley.edu/nacgle-2016
The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from SwedenMarcus Smith
# The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from Sweden
The Digital Archaeological Workflow (DAP) is a programme of work being carried out at the Information Development Unit at the Swedish National Heritage Board, in partnership with the major Swedish archaeological stakeholders. The programme aims to streamline the flow of archaeological data (and its associated metadata) between different actors in the Swedish archaeological process, and to ensure that this data is preserved in a sustainable and accessible manner. It aims to address a number of problems which have hampered the practice of archaeology in Sweden for some time, but which have now started to become more acute as digital technology saturates the processes involved.
There is no centralised register of archaeological fieldwork in Sweden, making it difficult not only to keep track of what is going on where, but also to know what fieldwork – if any – has taken place in connection to a particular site in the national sites and monuments record. Sweden also has no central digital archive for the storage of either archaeological fieldwork data or reports; as such records are now produced digitally, valuable archaeological data is thus increasingly at risk of being lost.
Furthermore, despite the fact that almost all of the data and administrative metadata surrounding archaeological work are digital-born, they are still handled according to analogue paradigms, particularly when information must be shared between different organisations. Sources of archaeological data which are currently made available digitally by various national and local bodies are not typically linked together. This leads to inefficiencies in information transfer, duplication of data and effort, and to information describing the same 'objects' being stored in different systems within different organisations.
The DAP programme intends to address these problems over the course of a five-year period, using standardised platform-agnostic data formats and protocols to streamline information transfer between organisations, by releasing a series of open taxonomies and ontologies for common Swedish archaeological terms and concepts on the semantic web in order to facilitate data interoperability, and by creating a secure digital repository both for the raw data and reports arising from fieldwork and research. We aim to make this information freely available as linked open data.
Our overall mapping of the current Swedish archaeological process is complete (although some details remain) and we are currently working on a conceptual model on which our future information architecture will be based. In parallell, we are also working to translate and release our existing (analogue) archaeological taxonomies to SKOS and release them as linked open data authorities, beginning with the Swedish monuments types thesaurus.
Academic Twitter: The intersection of orality & literacy in scholarship?Bonnie Stewart
Digital identities, collapsed publics, and academic Twitter, through the lens of David Bowie (with a little Walter Ong thrown in).
A talk for the LSE NetworkED series, January 2016.
Locauxmotiv - bonne pratique - l'autogestion d'un tiers lieuxLe Moulin Digital
A l'occasion de l'événement "Inventons des lieux hybrides pour faire autrement" le 26/05 à Chatuzange-le-Goubet, plusieurs bonnes pratiques ont été présentées.
Voici une bonne pratique de Locauxmotiv: un tiers lieux autogéré
Plus qu'un simple espace de coworking, Locaux Motiv' est un espace de rencontres, d'échanges et de travail coopératif réunissant des ressources matérielles et immatérielles propres à générer des synergies collectives, créatives, solidaires et économiques sur le territoire de la Guillotière. Par là, Locaux Motiv’ entend participer au développement, à l’animation et à la vie de ce quartier.
http://locauxmotiv.fr/
Archaeological Computing Research Group (ACRG) Seminar: Digital Spatial Techn...Paul Cripps
Digital Spatial Technologies have become central to modern archaeological practice. There are a number of interrelated strands to this which can be broadly categorised as capture, management, analysis/interpretation, visualisation and dissemination.
Techniques and technologies used to capture spatial data include: Total Station Theodolites (TST), Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), Airborne Laser Scanners (ALS) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); computational photography including Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), Structure from Motion (SfM) and photogrammetry.
Allied with this are tools and techniques to support management, analysis, visualisation and dissemination including more robust, ontologically driven, semantically enabled data models and Archaeological Information Systems (AIS) to handle both spatial and spatially referenced digital data and all manner of visualisations and interfaces (2D, 3D, graphs, web, portals, etc) for resource discovery, analysis and dissemination.
Digital resources are being made accessible like never before, with spatiality forming a key component, opening up new potential with platforms such as Google Earth and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) for research, public access and heritage management either here, now, or becoming possible, drawing on and breathing new life into archaeological archives and indices.
All of this combines to help us as archaeologists create richer, multi-vocal, data driven narratives and theoretical frameworks and ultimately better understand the past and convey this to a wider audience. Drawing on experiences from one of the UKs largest archaeological units as well as ongoing projects across the heritage domain in which I have participated or observed, this talk aims to give a personal view on where we as a discipline are at and some ideas for where we can go next.
The use of Spatial Technologies and digital tools and techniques in ArchaeologyPaul Cripps
A presentation given the MSc students studying Archaeological Computing at the University of Southampton on the subject of spatial technologies in archaeology drawing on the tools and technologies used by Wessex Archaeology and other practitioners of archaeological computing, aimed at giving them an idea of what is and what can be done. Part of a CAA seminar series.
Ontologies for multimedia: the Semantic Culture WebGuus Schreiber
Keynote, International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technology (SAMT 2006), Athens, 7 December 2006. Slide design with lots of help of Lora Aroyo.
Presented to "Managing the Material: Tackling Visual Arts as Research Data" workshop, organised by Visual Arts Data Service (VADS) in conjunction with the Digital Curation Centre (DCC), through the JISC-funded KAPTUR project. London, 14 September 2012
Real-time Visualisation of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Archaeology Da...Marcus Smith
Real-time Visualisation of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Archaeology Data in Landscape Reconstructions
Paper presented at CAA-SE 2013, Lund, by Phil Buckland and Marcus Smith
Public Access through technology; Using archaeological computing to interact ...Paul Cripps
A presentation given at Strode College for students from the University of Plymouth, Truro College and Strode College , aimed at given them an overview on how technology is used to engage with the public using examples from Wessex Archaeology and other sources
Marie-Claire Beaulieu and Michèle Brunet's Paper presented at Second North American Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy University of California at Berkeley (USA)
on 2016, January 4
http://aleshire.berkeley.edu/nacgle-2016
The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from SwedenMarcus Smith
# The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from Sweden
The Digital Archaeological Workflow (DAP) is a programme of work being carried out at the Information Development Unit at the Swedish National Heritage Board, in partnership with the major Swedish archaeological stakeholders. The programme aims to streamline the flow of archaeological data (and its associated metadata) between different actors in the Swedish archaeological process, and to ensure that this data is preserved in a sustainable and accessible manner. It aims to address a number of problems which have hampered the practice of archaeology in Sweden for some time, but which have now started to become more acute as digital technology saturates the processes involved.
There is no centralised register of archaeological fieldwork in Sweden, making it difficult not only to keep track of what is going on where, but also to know what fieldwork – if any – has taken place in connection to a particular site in the national sites and monuments record. Sweden also has no central digital archive for the storage of either archaeological fieldwork data or reports; as such records are now produced digitally, valuable archaeological data is thus increasingly at risk of being lost.
Furthermore, despite the fact that almost all of the data and administrative metadata surrounding archaeological work are digital-born, they are still handled according to analogue paradigms, particularly when information must be shared between different organisations. Sources of archaeological data which are currently made available digitally by various national and local bodies are not typically linked together. This leads to inefficiencies in information transfer, duplication of data and effort, and to information describing the same 'objects' being stored in different systems within different organisations.
The DAP programme intends to address these problems over the course of a five-year period, using standardised platform-agnostic data formats and protocols to streamline information transfer between organisations, by releasing a series of open taxonomies and ontologies for common Swedish archaeological terms and concepts on the semantic web in order to facilitate data interoperability, and by creating a secure digital repository both for the raw data and reports arising from fieldwork and research. We aim to make this information freely available as linked open data.
Our overall mapping of the current Swedish archaeological process is complete (although some details remain) and we are currently working on a conceptual model on which our future information architecture will be based. In parallell, we are also working to translate and release our existing (analogue) archaeological taxonomies to SKOS and release them as linked open data authorities, beginning with the Swedish monuments types thesaurus.
PATHS at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Enginee...pathsproject
Presentation given by Mark Stevenson, University of Sheffield, at the Language Technology Group, Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Melbourne University.
This presentation was provided by Scott Anderson of Millersville University during a NISO Webinar, Engineering Access Under the Hood, Part Two, held on November 15, 2017
Similar to Places, People, Events and Stuff; building blocks for archaeological information systems (20)
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Presentation given at the annual Postgraduate Researchers Presentation Day held at the University of South Wales Postgraduate Research Centre, Trefforest Campus.
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The semantics of heritage data is a growing area of interest with ontologies such as the CIDOC-CRM providing semantic frameworks and exemplary projects such as STAR and STELLAR demonstrating what can be done using semantic technologies applied to archaeological resources. In the world of the Semantic Web, advances regarding geosemantics have emerged to extend research more fully into the spatio-temporal domain, for example extending the SPARQL standard to produce GeoSPARQL. Importantly, the use of semantic technologies, particularly the structure of RDF, aligns with graph and network based approaches, providing a rich fusion of techniques for geospatial analysis of heritage data expressed in such a manner.
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A presentation given by Clive Duggleby (General Manager, Tetricus Science Park) to Salisbury Cafe Scientifique, November 2012
See the Cafe Scientifique website for more information:
http://cafescientifiquesalisbury.org.uk/2012/11/wiltshire-utc/
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Places, People, Events and Stuff; building blocks for archaeological information systems
1. Wessex Archaeology
Places, People, Events and
Stuff; building blocks for
archaeological information
systems
Concepts and ideas to practical
implementation
Paul Cripps
•Geomatics Manager, Wessex Archaeology
•Archaeological Computing Research Group, University of Southampton
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
2. Wessex Archaeology
Overview
• Why?
– The point of archaeological
information modelling
• How?
– Building on what is out
there
– Low hanging fruit and all
that…
– Getting stuck in
• Recent experiences @
Wessex Archaeology
Image courtesy of Sophia Yip: sophiayip.com
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
3. Wessex Archaeology
Why do we need to model…?
• Basic database standards/principles for effective
data management
– Redundancy
– Duplication
– Normalisation/Denormalisation
• Semantic clarity for search/retrieval/analysis
– What does ‘Roman’ actually mean…?
• Interoperability
– Is my ‘Roman’ the same as your ‘Roman’
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
4. Wessex Archaeology
Why do we need to model…?
• Problems:
• Too often, a perfect view of the world
– Basic models do not support richness of data
– Do not support change management ie iterative
assessment/analysis
• Semantically unclear
– eg ‘Period’ ascriptions
• Also fundamental database issues
– Lack of atomicity
– Generation and use of IDs and keys eg SMR numbers
• Unnecessary/undefined/undocumented complexity
– Can lead to inconsistency in use as users are unclear about how
to proceed
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
5. Wessex Archaeology
Why do we need to model…?
• Aims:
• Information Systems that appropriately represent the
archaeological record & support its maintenance
– Variable in quality
– Provenance
– Presence/Absence; knowing the unknowns
• Support & enhance the archaeological process
– Inference
– Evidence
– Multi-vocality
• Get away from rudimentary, poorly structured systems
– A hindrance not a help
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
6. Wessex Archaeology
How do/can we model…?
• Standard database driven techniques
– Conceptual, Logical, Physical
• Entity-Relationship models
– Great but can be limited
– Easy to implement
• Object-Oriented models
– Powerful but can be complex
– Harder to implement
• Object-Relational models
– Best of both…?
– OO concepts in a relational DBMS
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
7. Wessex Archaeology
How do/can we model…?
• Event driven models • Events in the Present
– Any data object is the product – ie archaeologists (people)
of an Event doing archaeology
– Very useful for describing the • Events in the Past
archaeological process – ie past peoples living,
• Can reduce everything to a experiencing, interacting with
few core elements each other and the world
• Typologies, classifications around them; leaving…
– A large proportion of what we • Stuff
do – ie archaeological remains;
• Object Inheritance finds, structures, etc in…
– Subtyping • Places
– Ensures robust data objects – ie depositional contexts,
structures, geographic
entities, etc
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
8. Wessex Archaeology
Is all this really necessary…?
• Why not just publish Linked(Open)Data from
existing information systems…?
– Put it all out there, use will follow
– It’ll all come out in the wash
– Mashups
• It’s really complicated, lot’s of work involved…
– Serious investment for limited gain
– Why not focus on the low hanging fruit…?
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
9. Wessex Archaeology
Yes, it is really necessary!
• The basics: effective data management
• Linked(Open)Data works better with good data
– Semantic inconsistencies problematic
– Great for delivering and sharing data but not a solution in and
of itself
• Focussing on the low hanging fruit misses bigger
potential
– Yes, by all means go for it!
– But, complex data (eg archaeological excavation data) requires
more complex solutions
– But, we still need to work towards semantically clear, truly
interoperable information systems
– Potential for use of techniques such as Natural Langauge
Processing, Crowd Sourcing to populate suitable data models
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
10. Wessex Archaeology
Moving forwards
• Obviously proceed with easy targets
– Leverage eg Google, LinkedData initiatives, etc
• But also build on work to date:
• CIDOC-CRM
– Not aimed at systems design but useful concepts therein
– ISO standard
• CRM-EH extensions
– Extensions to the CIDOC-CRM for archaeological (fieldwork) data
– Models big chunk of the archaeological process
• Star + Stellar projects
– Tools for working with CRM-EH
– Broad range of contributors
• Ongoing & forthcoming projects
– eg KOS representations of thesauri to populate information
systems
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
11. Wessex Archaeology
Some specifics
• Concepts
– Subjectivity
– Multivocality
– Temporality
– Uncertainty
• Ideas for tackling these areas
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
12. Wessex Archaeology
Subjectivity & Multivocality
• All assertions are the product of an Event
– Phasing & Dating
– Classification
• All assertions are made by a Person
– Multiple archaeologists = multiple stories
• All assertions based on evidence
– Stuff originating from Places
• Review & Confidence ascriptions as Events
– Explicit inference within the information model
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
13. Wessex Archaeology
Temporality & Uncertainty
• Events in the past have • is equal in time to
associated time-spans • finishes (is finished by)
• Temporal reasoning using • starts (is started by)
Allen Operators • occurs during (includes)
• Uncertainty about time • overlaps in time with (is
can be modelled using overlapped in time by)
these operators
• meets in time with (is
– Phasing & stratigraphy;
relative chronology met in time by)
– Scientific Dating; absolute • occurs before (occurs
chronology after)
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
14. Wessex Archaeology
Experiences from the coal face
• Wessex Archaeology currently developing SDI approaches to digital
(spatial) data
• Based around robust data/process model: Events, People, Places,
Stuff
• Multivocality, assertion & inference, uncertainty
• Publishing/archiving/disseminating as CRM-EH RDF, LinkedData, WMS/
WFS, etc
– One project ongoing
– Aim: all WA data currently in digital form (= many sites, some of which
are massive!)
• Potential for external linkages to other fieldwork datasets for analysis
– IADB
– Intrasis
• Potential for linkage to museum collections
– MODES
• Potential for linkage to HER/SMR webservices
– HBSMR
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.
15. Wessex Archaeology
Thanks!
• For more information please contact me:
– p.cripps@wessexarch.co.uk
– wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics
http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/geomatics Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. Southampton. March 2012.