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The Digital Archaeological Workflow:
A Case Study from Sweden
Marcus Smith
marcus.smith@raa.se
CAA 2014 – Paris
The Problem
•  No central fieldwork
register
’Charles Babb parts storage’ – SDASM (flickr)
The Problem
•  No central fieldwork
register
•  No central digital
archive for
archaeological data
The Problem
•  No central fieldwork
register
•  No central digital
archive for
archaeological data
•  Digital availability of
fieldwork reports is
patchy
The Problem
•  No central fieldwork
register
•  No central digital
archive for
archaeological data
•  Digital availability of
fieldwork reports is
patchy
•  Existing resources not
linked
’silos’ – Doc Searls (flickr)
The Problem
•  No central fieldwork
register
•  No central digital
archive for
archaeological data
•  Digital availability of
fieldwork reports is
patchy
•  Existing resources not
linked
•  Inefficient information
transfer
(digital → paper → digital)
How It Works – The Computer.
The Output Unit. (Ladybird books)
Goals for DAP
•  Fully digitised seamless
information transfer
’CERN storage servers’ – skimaniac (flickr)
Goals for DAP
•  Fully digitised seamless
information transfer
•  Digital archive for
archaeological data
Goals for DAP
•  Fully digitised seamless
information transfer
•  Digital archive for
archaeological data
•  Access to source data
Goals for DAP
•  Fully digitised seamless
information transfer
•  Digital archive for
archaeological data
•  Access to source data
•  Semantically linked
data
’Anchor Men of the Mauretania’
Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums (flickr)
’Come in We’re Open’ – jilleatsapples (flickr)
Goals for DAP
•  Fully digitised seamless
information transfer
•  Digital archive for
archaeological data
•  Access to source data
•  Semantically linked
data
•  Openly licensed, re-
useable data
•  National ‘events’
register
DAP so far…
•  Government directive, with extra funding for five years
•  LOD as a core idea; openness and transparency as core
values
•  Collaborative effort with the archaeological community
•  DAP requires a new data infrastructure for us at RAÄ
•  DAP requires a new way of working for archaeologists in
Sweden:
–  Technical challenges
–  Licensing challenges
–  Mindset challenges
DAP so far…
•  Already in place:
–  SAMLA reports/PDF
repository:
http://samla.raa.se/
–  Processes mapped
–  Conceptual modeling
ongoing
DAP so far…
•  Already in place:
–  SAMLA reports/PDF
repository:
http://samla.raa.se/
–  Processes mapped
–  Conceptual modeling
ongoing
DAP so far…
•  Already in place:
–  SAMLA reports/PDF
repository:
http://samla.raa.se/
–  Processes mapped
–  Conceptual modeling
ongoing
Actor/Role
Organisation
Organisation
Legal
framework
Legal
framework
Legalframework
Archaeological
event
Method
Analysis
Fieldwork
Documentation
Resolution
Documentation
Development
Research
event
Actor
/
Role
Assessment event
Legal
status
Monument
type
Period
Information
management event
Land
management
event
Legal
event
Natural
event
Tangible
Heritage
Temporal
Context
Geographical
Context
Event
Context
Operative
Context
DAP so far…
•  Already in place:
–  SAMLA reports/PDF
repository:
http://samla.raa.se/
–  Processes mapped
–  Conceptual modeling
ongoing
•  Still to plan:
–  protocols & formats
–  data mapping
–  digital archive…
•  To do straight away:
–  rescue fieldwork data
–  start a skeleton of an
events register
–  …and ‘master data’
such as ontologies,
thesauri/controlled
vocabularies!
SOCH
Swedish Open Cultural Heritage
•  K-samsök –
‘Cultural Cross-Search’
http://www.ksamsok.se/
SOCH
Swedish Open Cultural Heritage
•  K-samsök –
‘Cultural Cross-Search’
http://www.ksamsok.se/
•  Metadata aggregator &
web service for cultural
heritage institutions
•  Monuments, buildings,
museum collections…
SOCH
Swedish Open Cultural Heritage
•  K-samsök –
‘Cultural Cross-Search’
http://www.ksamsok.se/
•  Metadata aggregator &
web service for cultural
heritage institutions
•  Monuments, buildings,
museum collections…
•  40 institutions
(≈25–30 million triples)
(≈25–30 million triples)
•  2.1 million artefacts
•  880 thousand photographs
•  830 thousand monuments
•  440 thousand documents
•  110 thousand historic buildings
•  40 thousand personages
•  2000 historical events
•  1500 historic maps
SOCH
Swedish Open Cultural Heritage
•  K-samsök –
‘Cultural Cross-Search’
http://www.ksamsok.se/
•  Metadata aggregator &
web service for cultural
heritage institutions
•  Monuments, buildings,
museum collections…
•  40 institutions
•  4.7 million database
objects
Structured Vocabularies
•  SOCH publishes LOD…
•  …but the majority of the
classification metadata is
still text strings, rather than
URIs pointing to terms in
authoritative controlled
vocabularies
•  We’re going to need a
number of such thesauri in
for the data a future DAP
infrastructure is going to
handle
•  Perhaps even a full-blown
ontology for Swedish
archaeology…?
•  Monuments types
•  Legal status
•  Events
•  Periods
•  Materials
•  Built heritage
•  Evidence types
•  Techniques
•  Artefact types
•  …etc
•  Extant/non-existent
•  Internal/external
Structured Vocabularies
•  SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation System – an RDF
application for structured vocabularies
(also RDFS, OWL…)
•  Initial idea: create SKOS versions of our vocabularies and put them
out on the web. (Like SENESCHAL http://www.heritagedata.org/)
•  But now: Need a proper system for managing these terms and
publishing them in different ways: one central system for storing and
managing the data, which can be consumed by a variety of systems
(both internal and external) in a variety of formats. Of which SKOS
would be one.
•  Investigate user-needs: not many use SKOS today… but may do
later.
Who manages what data?
•  Local authorities: resolutions
•  Fieldwork units: field
documentation; produce reports
•  National Heritage Board:
national monuments register,
buildings register, monuments
types thesaurus, etc; archive
reports
•  Forest Agency: forest sites
•  Museums: finds
•  Universities, SND: research
data, analyses
•  National Land Survey:
geospatial data
•  Law: legal terms/concepts, legal
events
•  We need to be able to
manage the data
we're responsible for
•  We need to be able to
connect to (fetch)
data that external
bodies are
responsible for, and
react when they
change
Challenges
•  Ongoing DAP project to deliver a set of recommendations on how
we should manage the structure and mapping of our master data
taxonomies: practical protocols/praxis, and tools.
•  Versioning and preservation
•  We welcome suggestions and feedback - we're very much finding
our way as we go!
•  DAP is a massive undertaking, and we don’t want to reinvent the
wheel if we can help it.
DAP
SOCH
http://www.raa.se/dap
http://www.ksamsok.se/
http://www.kringla.nu/
marcus.smith@raa.se
@carwash

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The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from Sweden

  • 1. The Digital Archaeological Workflow: A Case Study from Sweden Marcus Smith marcus.smith@raa.se CAA 2014 – Paris
  • 2. The Problem •  No central fieldwork register
  • 3. ’Charles Babb parts storage’ – SDASM (flickr) The Problem •  No central fieldwork register •  No central digital archive for archaeological data
  • 4. The Problem •  No central fieldwork register •  No central digital archive for archaeological data •  Digital availability of fieldwork reports is patchy
  • 5. The Problem •  No central fieldwork register •  No central digital archive for archaeological data •  Digital availability of fieldwork reports is patchy •  Existing resources not linked ’silos’ – Doc Searls (flickr)
  • 6. The Problem •  No central fieldwork register •  No central digital archive for archaeological data •  Digital availability of fieldwork reports is patchy •  Existing resources not linked •  Inefficient information transfer (digital → paper → digital) How It Works – The Computer. The Output Unit. (Ladybird books)
  • 7. Goals for DAP •  Fully digitised seamless information transfer
  • 8. ’CERN storage servers’ – skimaniac (flickr) Goals for DAP •  Fully digitised seamless information transfer •  Digital archive for archaeological data
  • 9. Goals for DAP •  Fully digitised seamless information transfer •  Digital archive for archaeological data •  Access to source data
  • 10. Goals for DAP •  Fully digitised seamless information transfer •  Digital archive for archaeological data •  Access to source data •  Semantically linked data ’Anchor Men of the Mauretania’ Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums (flickr)
  • 11. ’Come in We’re Open’ – jilleatsapples (flickr) Goals for DAP •  Fully digitised seamless information transfer •  Digital archive for archaeological data •  Access to source data •  Semantically linked data •  Openly licensed, re- useable data •  National ‘events’ register
  • 12. DAP so far… •  Government directive, with extra funding for five years •  LOD as a core idea; openness and transparency as core values •  Collaborative effort with the archaeological community •  DAP requires a new data infrastructure for us at RAÄ •  DAP requires a new way of working for archaeologists in Sweden: –  Technical challenges –  Licensing challenges –  Mindset challenges
  • 13. DAP so far… •  Already in place: –  SAMLA reports/PDF repository: http://samla.raa.se/ –  Processes mapped –  Conceptual modeling ongoing
  • 14. DAP so far… •  Already in place: –  SAMLA reports/PDF repository: http://samla.raa.se/ –  Processes mapped –  Conceptual modeling ongoing
  • 15.
  • 16. DAP so far… •  Already in place: –  SAMLA reports/PDF repository: http://samla.raa.se/ –  Processes mapped –  Conceptual modeling ongoing
  • 17.
  • 19. DAP so far… •  Already in place: –  SAMLA reports/PDF repository: http://samla.raa.se/ –  Processes mapped –  Conceptual modeling ongoing •  Still to plan: –  protocols & formats –  data mapping –  digital archive… •  To do straight away: –  rescue fieldwork data –  start a skeleton of an events register –  …and ‘master data’ such as ontologies, thesauri/controlled vocabularies!
  • 20. SOCH Swedish Open Cultural Heritage •  K-samsök – ‘Cultural Cross-Search’ http://www.ksamsok.se/
  • 21. SOCH Swedish Open Cultural Heritage •  K-samsök – ‘Cultural Cross-Search’ http://www.ksamsok.se/ •  Metadata aggregator & web service for cultural heritage institutions •  Monuments, buildings, museum collections…
  • 22. SOCH Swedish Open Cultural Heritage •  K-samsök – ‘Cultural Cross-Search’ http://www.ksamsok.se/ •  Metadata aggregator & web service for cultural heritage institutions •  Monuments, buildings, museum collections… •  40 institutions (≈25–30 million triples)
  • 23. (≈25–30 million triples) •  2.1 million artefacts •  880 thousand photographs •  830 thousand monuments •  440 thousand documents •  110 thousand historic buildings •  40 thousand personages •  2000 historical events •  1500 historic maps SOCH Swedish Open Cultural Heritage •  K-samsök – ‘Cultural Cross-Search’ http://www.ksamsok.se/ •  Metadata aggregator & web service for cultural heritage institutions •  Monuments, buildings, museum collections… •  40 institutions •  4.7 million database objects
  • 24. Structured Vocabularies •  SOCH publishes LOD… •  …but the majority of the classification metadata is still text strings, rather than URIs pointing to terms in authoritative controlled vocabularies •  We’re going to need a number of such thesauri in for the data a future DAP infrastructure is going to handle •  Perhaps even a full-blown ontology for Swedish archaeology…? •  Monuments types •  Legal status •  Events •  Periods •  Materials •  Built heritage •  Evidence types •  Techniques •  Artefact types •  …etc •  Extant/non-existent •  Internal/external
  • 25. Structured Vocabularies •  SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation System – an RDF application for structured vocabularies (also RDFS, OWL…) •  Initial idea: create SKOS versions of our vocabularies and put them out on the web. (Like SENESCHAL http://www.heritagedata.org/) •  But now: Need a proper system for managing these terms and publishing them in different ways: one central system for storing and managing the data, which can be consumed by a variety of systems (both internal and external) in a variety of formats. Of which SKOS would be one. •  Investigate user-needs: not many use SKOS today… but may do later.
  • 26. Who manages what data? •  Local authorities: resolutions •  Fieldwork units: field documentation; produce reports •  National Heritage Board: national monuments register, buildings register, monuments types thesaurus, etc; archive reports •  Forest Agency: forest sites •  Museums: finds •  Universities, SND: research data, analyses •  National Land Survey: geospatial data •  Law: legal terms/concepts, legal events •  We need to be able to manage the data we're responsible for •  We need to be able to connect to (fetch) data that external bodies are responsible for, and react when they change
  • 27. Challenges •  Ongoing DAP project to deliver a set of recommendations on how we should manage the structure and mapping of our master data taxonomies: practical protocols/praxis, and tools. •  Versioning and preservation •  We welcome suggestions and feedback - we're very much finding our way as we go! •  DAP is a massive undertaking, and we don’t want to reinvent the wheel if we can help it.