A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. Most pituitary tumors are benign and noncancerous. Common symptoms include headaches, vision changes, and hormonal imbalances. Treatment options include surgery to remove the tumor through the nose or skull, radiation therapy, and medications to shrink the tumor. Damage to the optic nerve from a tumor can cause blindness.
Pituitary tumours are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumours cause excessive production of hormones that regulate important functions of your body.
Pituitary tumours are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumours cause excessive production of hormones that regulate important functions of your body.
A brief overview of pituitary adenomas, their subtypes, classification, investigation protocols, radiological evaluation, and their medical management.
Adrenal tumor, classification, management - easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Adrenal tumor- topic for B.Sc Nursing Students, GNM Students
definition
classification
clinical manifestations
treatment
easy explanation for nursing students
A brief overview of pituitary adenomas, their subtypes, classification, investigation protocols, radiological evaluation, and their medical management.
Adrenal tumor, classification, management - easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Adrenal tumor- topic for B.Sc Nursing Students, GNM Students
definition
classification
clinical manifestations
treatment
easy explanation for nursing students
Popularly known as ‘The King of Glands’, the pituitary gland is basically a small circular gland protruding off the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The excellent for Pituitary Tumour Surgery and Treatment in India and it should be preferred for professionalism with a personal touch.
Popularly known as ‘The King of Glands’, the pituitary gland is basically a small circular gland protruding off the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The excellent for Pituitary Tumour Surgery and Treatment in India and it should be preferred for professionalism with a personal touch.
When too much growth hormone is secreted that augments the growth of muscle, bones, and connective tissue in childhood or adolescence before the end of puberty, the condition is called Gigantism.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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2. What is a Pituitary tumor?
The pituitary gland is a pea sized endocrine
gland located at the base of the brain.
A pituitary Tumor is caused by an abnormal
growth in the pituitary gland.
The tumor is benign and most people are
unaware they have it because there are very
little symptoms.
The hormone releasing cells of the pituitary
gland can be damaged.
3. The symptoms can be:
Headache
Lethargy: weariness, lack of energy
Nasal Drainage
Nausea and vomiting
Problems with the sense of smell
Visual changes such as
-Double vision
-Drooping eyelids
-Visual field loss Figure 3
These symptoms may occur suddenly and can be very
severe.
4. The symptoms can lead to:
Hyperthyroidism: a condition in the thyroid gland that
produces to much thyroid hormone.
Crushing syndrome: When your body is exposed to high
levels of the hormone cortisol.
Gigantism: abnormal large growth due to excess of the
growth hormone during childhood.
Nipple discharge: tenderness, skin changes, changes in
shape or discharge from the nipple portion of the breast.
Figure 4 Figure 5
5. Treatments can include:
Surgery especially if the tumor is pressing on the optic
nerves.
Can be removed through the nose or sinuses.
If it doesn’t work through the nose or sinuses it will have to
be removed through the skull.
Radiation therapy can be used to shrink the tumor.
- It can be used for people who cannot be put through
surgery.
Figure 6 Figure 7
6. Medications:
These medications can also shrink the tumors:
• Bromocriptine is the first line therapy for tumors
that release prolactin. With this dug it decreases
the prolactin and shrinks the tumor.
• Octreotide is used for tumors that release growth
hormone but only used when surgery cant be
curable.
Bromocriptine is used to treat symptoms of high levels of a natural
substance called prolactin in the body
8. Complications:
If the optic nerve has serious
damage you can go blind.
The tumor removal may cause
permanent hormone imbalances.
The affected hormones may need to
be removed.
9. Exams and tests:
Physical Examinations and test will include:
Cortisol levels
-Dexamethasone Suppression test: measures the response of the
adrenal glands to the ACTH.
-Urine Cortisol: measures the amount of the steroid hormone
cortisol in the urine
Follicle-stimulating hormone levels: hormones
released by the anterior pituitary gland.
Insulin growth factor-1 levels
Luteinizing hormone levels: measures the amount of
luteinizing hormone
10. Exams and tests continued:
Serum prolactin levels: measures the amount of
prolactin in the blood
Testosterone/estradiol levels
Thyroid hormone levels
-Free T4 test: hormone produced by the thyroid
gland. A laboratory test can be done to measure
the amount of T4 in your blood.
-TSH test: measures the amount of thyroid
stimulating hormone in your blood.
11. Random Facts:
Can occur to people of all ages, most frequent in children and older
adults.
Most common primary brain tumors consist of;
In ages 15-19, pilocytic astrocytomas followed by pituitary tumors.
In ages 20-34, pituitary followed by meningioma tumors.
Pituitary tumors represent 8.4% of all primany brain tumors.
Pituitary adenomas have separate names based on their size.
A microadenoma is less then 1 centimeter in diameter
A macroadenoma is larger then 1 centimeter in size
Pituitary adenomas are relatively common, occurring in 1 out of
every 1000 adults.
12. EXAM METHOD
Tangent screen exam
Here the patient is asked to sit 1 meter (approximately
3 feet) from a screen with a target on the center. The
eye that isn't tested is covered during the exam. While
the patient stares at the target the examiner will move
an object toward the patient's visual field. The patient
signals the examiner when the object comes into view.
This exam allows the patient's visual field to be
mapped.
13. QUIZ TIME!
QUIZ TIME
1. Explain what a pituitary tumor is?
2. Name 3 of the symptoms.
3. How can the tumor be removed?
4. If the _____ ______ has serious damage you can go blind.
5. How large is a macroadenoma?
*BONUS* : Pituitary tumors represent __% of all primary brain
tumors
14. Picture Resources:
FIGURES 1 & 2-
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pituitary+tumor&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=812&bih=374&tbm=isch&tbnid=jl6Wh-
U2vXNBnM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Programs-and-Services/Pituitary-Center/Diagnostic-
Imaging/Pituitary-MRIs.aspx&docid=XcMDFKUFo8ZZFM&imgurl=http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Programs-
and-Services/Pituitary-Center/Diagnostic-Imaging/Images/coronalPit-MRI_rev_web-ready-
37301.jpg&w=466&h=432&ei=4CJJT_6kK5HDsQLuk_TqCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=69&vpy=21&dur=1529&hovh=216
&hovw=233&tx=133&ty=233&sig=111409954476902108896&page=3&tbnh=111&tbnw=95&start=18&ndsp=15&ved
=1t:429,r:0,s:18
FIGURE 3- http://www.eyeptosis.com/
FIGURE 4- medicinenet.com
FIGURE 5- - http://www.netterimages.com/image/12845.htm
FIGURE 6- http://healthlob.com/2011/05/radiation-therapy/
FIGURE 7- Dizon, M. N. and D. L. Vesely. "Gonadotropin-secreting Pituitary Tumor Associated with Hypersecretion of
Testosterone and Hypogonadism After Hypophysectomy." Endocrinology Practice 3 (May-June 2002): 225–231
FIGURES 8 & 9-http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-cabergoline/article_em.htm
FIGURE 10- http://acromegaly.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/started-treatment-for-acromegaly/
15. Resources
1. Melmed S, Kleinberg D. Anterior pituitary. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of
Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 8.
2. 1. Biller BMK, Grossman AB, Stewart PM, et al. Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a consensus
statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:2454-2462.
3. National endocrine and metabolic diseases information service. National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 08-3007.
Cushing's Syndrome. http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/cushings.htm. Published July 2008. Accessed November 10,
2010.
4. Pituitary tumors information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/pituitary_tumors/pituitary_tumors.htm. Accessed April 15, 2010.
5. Pituitary tumors. American Cancer Society. http://documents.cancer.org/6028.00/6028.00.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2010.
6. Pituitary tumors. American Brain Tumor Association. http://www.abta.org/Tumor_&_Treatment_Info/Pituitary_Tumors/233.
Accessed April 15, 2010.
7. Pituitary Tumors Treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/pituitary. Accessed
April 15, 2010
8. Ari S. Eckman, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review
provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.