This document provides spelling rules for compound vowels in Pinyin such as omitting dots above ü when followed by certain consonants like j, q, and x. It also notes that y is added before üe and ün when used as individual syllables. Examples are given such as xué, jūn, and quē. The document also notes there is only one retroflex final "er" in Pinyin and how to pronounce it. Exercises are included to practice the rules along with vocabulary related to Kungfu training and parts of the body.

1. Pinyin Lesson 04
Spelling rules (2)

2. Spelling rules for compound vowels
If “üe” and “ün” are used as an individual syllable,
the consonant “y” is added in front of them, and the
two dots above “ü” are omitted. For example:
yuè (=yüè) 月 moon
yún (=yǘn) 云 cloud

3. • When “üe” and “ün” are placed after the consonants j, q, and x, the
two dots above “ü” are omitted and the ü appears as u. For example:
xué(=xüe) 学 learn, study
jūn(=jǖn) 军 military
quē(=qüē) 缺 lack
Spelling rules for compound vowels

4. • If “in” or “ing” is used as an individual syllable, “y” is
placed in front of it. For example:
yìn (=ìn) 印 seal
yǐng (=ǐng) 影 shadow
Spelling rules for compound vowels

5. Spelling rules for compound vowels
• There is only one retroflex final “er” in Pinyin. When
pronouncing “er”, first pronounce “e ” (like ‘ir’ in
‘dirty’), then raise and retract the tongue backwards.
èr 二 (two)
ěr 耳 (ear)

6.  Exercises

7. Exercise 1 Listen and circle the correct pinyin

8. á ì
è ǔ ù
ī ǐ uì
ǒu uō uò
Exercise 2 Listen and write down the vowels with tonal marks

9. jǐ
qù
jī
kē
kǔ
jǔ
gù
xú
yuè
Exercise 3 Listen and tick if true, cross if false

10. shǔjì
lù
chōu
lǘ
xī
zhuì
Exercise 4 Listen and tick if true, cross if false

11. Exercise 5 Write down the Pinyin you heard
1- 2- 3-
4- 5- 6-
7- 8- 9-
10- 11- 12-
jiāng lùn kāi
gěi shuǐ ēn
yīng yuè wáng
ěr sōng lüè

12. Words for Kungfu-training
Extension

13. wǔ shù
武 术 martial arts
gōng fu
功 夫 Kungfu, Chinese martial arts

14. wǔ shù lǎo shī
武 术 老 师 martial arts teacher
shī fù
师 傅 master

15. liàn wǔ shù
练 武 术 to train martial arts
quán shù
拳 术 fisticuff
gùn shù
棍 术 cudgel play

16. zhǔn bèi
准 备 ready
kāi shǐ
开 始 start
hū qì
呼 气 breathe out
xī qì
吸 气 breathe in
jì xù
继 续 continue
tíng
停 stop
zhuǎn shēn
转 身 turn
xiū xī
休 息 take a break

17. xiàng shàng
向 上
xiàng zuǒ
向 左
xiàng yòu
向 右
xiàng xià
向 下
zhōng jiān
中 间
xiàng qián
向 前 forward
xiàng hòu
向 后 backward

18. tóu
头 (head)
liǎn
脸 (face)
bó zi
脖子 (neck)
méi máo
眉 毛 (eyebrow)
tóu fà
头 发 (hair)
yǎn jīng
眼 睛 (eye)
bí zi
鼻子 (nose)
zuǐ bā
嘴 巴 (mouth)
ěr duo
耳 朵 (ear)

19. 肩(jiān) shoulder
手(shǒu) hand
肘(zhǒu) elbow
臂(bì) arm
胸(xiōng) chest
肚子(dù zi) belly
膝盖(xī gài) knee
大腿(dà tuǐ) thigh
小腿 (xiǎo tuǐ) calf
腿(tuǐ) leg
脚踝(jiǎo huái) ankle
后背 (hòu bèi) back
臀部 (tún bù) buttock
屁股(pì gu) ass
脚(jiǎo) foot脚趾(jiǎo zhǐ) toe