This document provides a lesson on pinyin spelling rules and pronunciation exercises. It introduces rules for using single vowels as syllables and combinations with consonants. Exercises are included for students to practice pronunciation and writing pinyin for Mandarin Chinese words and numbers. Common greetings and farewells in pinyin and characters are also presented. The document concludes with a translation and analysis of a 1915 poem titled "Farewell" about parting from friends.

1. Pinyin Lesson 03
Spelling rules (1)

2. • A simple vowel can locate after a consonant and
become a part of syllable. For example:
fó
佛
Buddha
sè
色
color
lù
路
road
lǜ
绿
green

3. • A simple vowel can be used as an individual syllable.
For example:
ā
啊
(ah)
è
饿
(hungry)
ò
哦
(oh)

4. • If “i” is used as an individual syllable, “y”must be
placed in front of it. For example:
yī
一
(one)
yì
亿
(a hundred million)

5. • If “u” is used as an individual syllable, “w” must be
placed in front of it. For example:
wǔ
五
(five)
wù
雾
(fog, mist)

6. • If “ü” is used as an individual syllable, “y” must be
placed in front of it. The two dots above “ü” are
omitted. For example:
yú (= yǘ)
鱼
(fish)
yǔ (= yǚ)
雨
(rain)

7. • When “ü” lies after consonants “j”, “q” , “x”, the
two dots above “ü” are omitted. For example:
jǔ (=jǚ)
举
to lift
qù (=qǜ)
去
to go
xū(=xǖ)
须
beard

8.  Exercises

9. Exercise 1 - Read aloud. Try to pronounce pinyin correctly

10. Exercise 2 - Try to pronounce pinyin correctly

11. jiǔ shí bā sān shí sì
bā shí èr jiǔ shí qī wǔ shí yī
Exercise 3 – Write correct pinyin for the numbers and read aloud

12. Exercise 4 – Listen and circle the correct pinyin

13. Exercise 5 – Listen and add a tonal mark on the pinyin

14. ā ū ì
ǐ iě ǒu ǎi
Exercise 6 – Listen and write down the vowels with tonal marks

15. Exercise 7 – Listen and and circle the correct pinyin

16. ǔ é ā
ǐ ò ù ǘ
ái éi ūn ǎo
Exercise 8 – Listen and write down the vowels with tonal marks

17. Everyday conversations

18. nǐ hǎo
你 好! Hi！Hello！
zǎo shàng hǎo
早 上 好! Good morning!
Xià wǔ hǎo
下 午 好! Good afternoon!
wǎn shàng hǎo
晚 上 好! Good evening!
wǎn ān
晚 安 Good night！

19. nǐ hǎo ma
你 好 吗? Are you OK? (Går det bra med deg?)
wǒ hěn hǎo
我 很 好。 I’m fine.
wǒ bù hǎo
我 不 好。 I’m not good.
mǎ mǎ hǔ hǔ
马 马 虎 虎。 Just so-so. Not bad.

20. xiè xiè
谢 谢。 Thanks.
bú kè qì
不 客 气。 Don't mention it. You're welcome.
bú xiè
不 谢。 Don't mention it; Not at all.
bú xiè
不 谢。 Don't mention it; Not at all.
bù , xiè xiè
不 , 谢 谢 。 No, thanks
The word bù 不（no; not） has the 4th tone, but when it is
followed by another 4th tone, it becomes 2nd tone. (4+4 → 2+4)Rule
Legge merke til:

21. duì bù qǐ
对 不 起。 Excuse me. Sorry.
méi guān xì
没 关 系。 It doesn't matter. It’s OK.

22. zài jiàn
再 见。 See you later.
míng tiān jiàn
明 天 见。 See you tomorrow.

23. Farvel
Sòng bié
送 别

24. John Pond Ordway
（1824-1880）
• American doctor, composer, and
politician
• One of the first surgeons to volunteer at
the start of the American Civil War.
• Dreaming of Home and Mother (1851)
was a popular sentimental song of the
Civil War era. It is popular in China and
Japan in translated versions.[

25. hóng yī dà shī
弘 一 大 師 (1880-1942)
• painter, musician, dramatist,
poet, and Buddhist monk
• The poem《farewell》was
written by Hong Yi in 1915. The
author expressed his sadness
while seeing off a friend.

26. cháng tíng wài
长 亭 外
Outside the resting arbor
gǔ dào biān
古 道 边
beside the ancient thoroughfare
fāng cǎo bì lián tiān
芳 草 碧 连 天
The fragrant grass so green, stretching to meet the sky afar

27. wǎn fēng fú liǔ dí shēng cán
晚 风 扶 柳 笛 声 残
The evening breeze brushing the willow,
the flute sound lingering.
xī yáng shān wài shān
夕 阳 山 外 山
The setting sun beyond the mountains.

28. tiān zhī yá
天 之 涯
At the verge of heaven,
dì zhī jiǎo
地 之 角
At the four corners of the earth
zhī jiāo bàn líng luò
知 交 半 零 落
My bosom friends are half gone and no longer seen

29. yī hú zhuó jiǔ jìn yú huān
一 壶 浊 酒 尽 余 欢
With a gourdful of turbid wine,
enjoy the last moment of pleasure
jīn xiāo bié mèng hán
今 宵 别 梦 寒
The parting dream turning cold this very night.

30. tiān zhī yá
天 之 涯
dì zhī jiǎo
地 之 角
zhī jiāo bàn líng luò
知 交 半 零 落
yī hú zhuó jiǔ jìn yú huān
一 壶 浊 酒 尽 余 欢
jīn xiāo bié mèng hán
今 宵 别 梦 寒
Cháng tíng wài
长 亭 外
gǔ dào biān
古 道 边
fāng cǎo bì lián tiān
芳 草 碧 连 天
wǎn fēng fú liǔ dí shēng cán
晚 风 拂 柳 笛 声 残
xī yáng shān wài shān
夕 阳 山 外 山
sòng bié
送 别