The document discusses the significance of pilot plant scale-up techniques in pharmaceutical manufacturing, emphasizing the need for intermediate batch scales to transform lab formulas into viable products. It outlines the objectives, applications, and general considerations for conducting pilot plant studies, including personnel, space, equipment, and quality assurance protocols. The pilot plant serves as an essential step to evaluate processes before full-scale production, ensuring the stability and efficacy of products.

1. SUBJECT- INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-II
SUBJECT CODE – BP702T
SEMESTER – VII (B.PHARM IV YEAR)
TOPIC – PILOT PLANT SCALE UP TECHNIQUE
PREPARED BY – MR. SATYENDRA KUMAR MISHRA
DESIGNATION – ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
EMAIL – SM12260@GMAIL.COM
FACLTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
RAMA UNIVERSITY, MANDHANA, KANPUR

3. Pilot Plant Scale Up

4. Why the Pilot Plant
 In every emerging pharmaceutical industry or an already
existing one, there is always a need to have an intermediate
batch scale representing procedures and simulating that
used for commercial manufacturing.
 This is achieved by determining the ability of formula to
withstand batch-scale and process modification.
Research & Development Pilot Plant Production

5. Why the Pilot Plant
 Plant-: It is a place where the 5 M’s like money, material; man,
method and machine are brought together for the
manufacturing of the products.
 Pilot Plant-: It is the part of the pharmaceutical industry where
a lab scale formula is transformed into a viable product by
development of liable and practical procedure of manufacture.
 Scale-up-: The art for designing of prototype using the data
obtained from the pilot plant model.

6. Why conduct Pilot Plant Studies?
 A pilot plant investigates a product and process on an
intermediate scale before large amounts of money are
committed to full-scale production.
 It is usually not possible to predict the effects of a many-
fold increase in scale.
 It is not possible to design a large complex food processing
plant from laboratory data alone with any degree of
success.

7. Application of Pilot Plant
 Evaluating the results of laboratory studies and making product
and process corrections and improvements.
 Producing small quantities of product for sensory, chemical,
microbiological evaluations, limited market testing or
furnishing samples to potential customers, shelf-live and
storage stability studies.
 Determining possible salable by-products or waste stream
requiring treatment before discharge.

8. Application of Pilot Plant
 Providing data that can be used in making a decision on
whether or not to proceed to a full scale production process;
and in the case of a positive decision, designing and
constructing a full-size plant or modifying an existing plant.
 Researchers use pilot scale batches to discover
methodologies that will be used to make considerably
bigger batches for clinical trials and, ultimately,
manufacture approved products.

9. Objectives of Pilot Plant Scale-Up
 To try the process on a model of proposed plant before
committing large sum of money on a production unit.
 Examination of the formula to determine its ability to
withstand Batch-scale and process modification.
 Evaluation and Validation for process and equipments.
 To identify the critical features of the process Guidelines
for production and process controls.
 To provide master manufacturing formula with instructions
for manufacturing procedure.
 To avoid the scale-up problems.

10. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
1. Personnel Requirements : Personnel should have –
 Scientists with experience in pilot plant operations as well as in
actual production area to understand the intent of the
formulator as well as understand the perspective of the
production personnel.
 The group should have some personnel with engineering
knowledge as well as scale up also involves engineering
principles.

11. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
2. Space Requirements
(a) Administration and information process:
Adequate office and desk space should be provided for
both scientist and technicians and the space should be
adjacent to the working area.

12. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
(b) Physical testing area:
 This area should provide permanent bench top space for
routinely used physical- testing equipment.

13. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
(c) Standard equipment floor space:
 Discreet pilot plant space, where the equipment needed for
manufacturing all types of dosage form is located.
 Intermediate – sized and full scale production equipment is
essential in evaluating the effects of scale-up of research
formulations and processes.
 Equipments used should be made portable where ever possible
so that after use it can be stored in the small store room.
 Space for cleaning of the equipment should be also provided.

14. General Consideration of Pilot Plant

15. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
(d) Storage area:
 Two separate areas for approved and unapproved active
ingredient as well as excipients.
 Separate areas for the storage of the in-process materials,
finished bulk products from the pilot-plant & materials from
the experimental scale-up batches made in the production,
packing material.

16. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
3. Review of the formula:
 A thorough review of the each aspect of formulation.
 The purpose of each ingredient and it’s contribution to the final
product manufactured on the small-scale laboratory equipment.
 Effect of scale-up using equipment that may subject the
product to stresses of different types and degrees can more
readily be predicted, or recognized.

17. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
4. Raw Materials:
 One purpose/responsibility of the pilot-plant is the approval &
validation of the active ingredient & excipients raw materials.
 Raw materials used in the small scale production cannot
necessarily be the representative for the large scale production.

18. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
5. Relevant Processing Equipment:
 The most economical and the simplest & efficient equipment
which are capable of producing product within the proposed
specifications are used.
 The size of the equipment should be such that the experimental
trials run should be relevant to the production sized batches.
 If the equipment is too small the process developed will not
scale up, Whereas if equipment is too big then the wastage of the
expensive active ingredients.

19. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
6. Production Rates:
 It can be determined by the immediate future market
requirements.
 Equipment and the process should be chosen on the basis of
production of a batch at a frequency that takes into consideration
:
✓ Product loss in the equipment during manufacture.
✓ The time required to clean the equipment between batches.
✓ The number of batches that will need to be tested for release.

20. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
7. Process Evaluation:
 It is the basis of process validation.
 Documentation of process is to be done.
 Process is validated only if there are no changes in the
formula, quality of the ingredients , or the equipment
configuration.
 Revalidation needs to be done to ensure that changes have
not take place.

21. General Consideration of Pilot Plant

22. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
8. Product stability and uniformity:
 The primary objective of the pilot plant is the physical as
well as chemical stability of the products
 Hence each pilot batch representing the final formulation
and manufacturing procedure should be studied for
stability.
 Stability studies should be carried out in finished packages
as well.

23. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
10. GMP considerations:
GMP items that should be a part of scale up are –
✓ Equipment qualification.
✓ Process validation.
✓ Regularly schedule preventative maintenance.
✓ Regularly process review & revalidation.
✓ Relevant written standard operating procedures.
✓ The use of competent technically qualified personnel.
✓ Adequate provision for training of personnel.
✓ A well-defined technology transfer system.
✓ Validated cleaning procedures.

24. General Consideration of Pilot Plant
11. Transfer of Analytic methods to Quality Assurance:
 During scale up the analytical test methods developed in
research should be transferred to the QA department.
 QA staff to review process to make sure proper analytic
equipments are available and personnel are trained.
 They should review the assay procedures and the that
obtained during validation studies to verify that the there
are no changes in the analytical procedure.

25. Thank you