This document outlines the physiotherapy management of trigger finger. It begins with an introduction defining trigger finger and epidemiology. It then discusses the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcome measures. It describes the conservative management including medical, physiotherapy, activity modification, splinting and modalities. Surgical management and post-surgical management are also covered. It concludes that while corticosteroid injection and surgery are evidence-based treatments, more research is needed on physiotherapy management.
Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are forms of elbow tendinitis caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the tendons in the forearm. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow and is more common, while golfer's elbow affects the inner tendons. Both result from repetitive motions like swinging, gripping, or flexing and can be treated with rest, anti-inflammatories, bracing, and physical therapy.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal static positioning or dynamic motion of the scapula during arm elevation and is associated with shoulder injury. It has multiple potential causes including muscle weakness or imbalance. The document discusses the muscular attachments of the scapula, types of scapular dyskinesis, its effects on dynamic stability and shoulder strength, assessment methods, and rehabilitation treatments focusing on strengthening the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles to achieve optimal scapular positioning.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and fingers. CTS is often caused by repetitive wrist motions that increase pressure in the carpal tunnel. Treatment includes splinting the wrist at night, exercises to improve flexibility, manual therapy to reduce pressure on the median nerve, and electroacupuncture. Studies show electroacupuncture combined with night splinting provides better relief of symptoms than splinting alone. Performing flexibility and nerve gliding exercises in a supine position may further reduce pressure and symptoms compared to other positions. Fascial manipulation techniques targeting specific
Supraspinatus tendinitis is an inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon, which is one of the most commonly affected structures in the rotator cuff. It often results from repeated overhead arm motions or other activities that cause impingement beneath the coracoacromial arch. Symptoms include pain in the shoulder region that is worsened by motions like lifting the arm overhead. Treatment involves rest, exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, modalities like ultrasound to reduce inflammation, and manual therapy such as transverse friction massage to the tendon.
Patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, is a chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive stress on the knee extensor mechanism from activities like jumping, running, and kicking. It results from microtears in the patellar tendon from forces that are 3 times greater than normal during movements like acceleration, deceleration, takeoff, and landing. Symptoms include dull aching knee pain after exercise that worsens with sitting or stairs. Treatment focuses on eccentric strengthening exercises and bracing to promote healing of the tendon.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Frozen Shoulder Physiotherapy ManagementVishal Deep
Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful restriction of shoulder movement. Management includes corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation, NSAIDs for pain, and manipulation under anesthesia or mobilization to improve range of motion. Physiotherapy goals are to reduce pain through ultrasound, mobilization, and stretching, improve range of motion through passive, active assisted, and active exercises, and strengthen muscles with isometrics, rotator cuff exercises, and scapular exercises. A home program including pendular exercises and aquatic therapy is also recommended.
This document provides an overview of leprosy (Hansen's disease), including:
- It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria and primarily affects the nerves and skin.
- Symptoms include discolored skin lesions and loss of sensation which can lead to injuries.
- It is classified based on severity and can be diagnosed via skin biopsy or smear.
- Treatment involves long-term multi-drug antibiotic regimens.
- Surgical procedures and orthotic devices can help address deformities caused by nerve damage.
Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are forms of elbow tendinitis caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the tendons in the forearm. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow and is more common, while golfer's elbow affects the inner tendons. Both result from repetitive motions like swinging, gripping, or flexing and can be treated with rest, anti-inflammatories, bracing, and physical therapy.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal static positioning or dynamic motion of the scapula during arm elevation and is associated with shoulder injury. It has multiple potential causes including muscle weakness or imbalance. The document discusses the muscular attachments of the scapula, types of scapular dyskinesis, its effects on dynamic stability and shoulder strength, assessment methods, and rehabilitation treatments focusing on strengthening the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles to achieve optimal scapular positioning.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and fingers. CTS is often caused by repetitive wrist motions that increase pressure in the carpal tunnel. Treatment includes splinting the wrist at night, exercises to improve flexibility, manual therapy to reduce pressure on the median nerve, and electroacupuncture. Studies show electroacupuncture combined with night splinting provides better relief of symptoms than splinting alone. Performing flexibility and nerve gliding exercises in a supine position may further reduce pressure and symptoms compared to other positions. Fascial manipulation techniques targeting specific
Supraspinatus tendinitis is an inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon, which is one of the most commonly affected structures in the rotator cuff. It often results from repeated overhead arm motions or other activities that cause impingement beneath the coracoacromial arch. Symptoms include pain in the shoulder region that is worsened by motions like lifting the arm overhead. Treatment involves rest, exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, modalities like ultrasound to reduce inflammation, and manual therapy such as transverse friction massage to the tendon.
Patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, is a chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive stress on the knee extensor mechanism from activities like jumping, running, and kicking. It results from microtears in the patellar tendon from forces that are 3 times greater than normal during movements like acceleration, deceleration, takeoff, and landing. Symptoms include dull aching knee pain after exercise that worsens with sitting or stairs. Treatment focuses on eccentric strengthening exercises and bracing to promote healing of the tendon.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Frozen Shoulder Physiotherapy ManagementVishal Deep
Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful restriction of shoulder movement. Management includes corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation, NSAIDs for pain, and manipulation under anesthesia or mobilization to improve range of motion. Physiotherapy goals are to reduce pain through ultrasound, mobilization, and stretching, improve range of motion through passive, active assisted, and active exercises, and strengthen muscles with isometrics, rotator cuff exercises, and scapular exercises. A home program including pendular exercises and aquatic therapy is also recommended.
This document provides an overview of leprosy (Hansen's disease), including:
- It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria and primarily affects the nerves and skin.
- Symptoms include discolored skin lesions and loss of sensation which can lead to injuries.
- It is classified based on severity and can be diagnosed via skin biopsy or smear.
- Treatment involves long-term multi-drug antibiotic regimens.
- Surgical procedures and orthotic devices can help address deformities caused by nerve damage.
De Quervain's tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles in the wrist. It commonly affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions like knitting or computer use that strain the thumb and wrist. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by thumb movement. Conservative treatment involves splinting, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy exercises. Surgery may be considered if symptoms persist after several weeks of conservative care.
The Modified Ashworth Scale is a clinical measure of muscle spasticity in patients with neurological conditions. It is a 6-point scale ranging from 0-4 where lower scores represent normal muscle tone and higher scores represent increased spasticity or resistance to passive movement. The document provides detailed instructions on administering the Modified Ashworth Scale for assessing spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors, knee flexors, elbow flexors, and wrist flexors by standardizing limb positioning, stabilization, and movement during testing.
This document provides an overview of adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder" presented by Dr. Shazia Khalfe. It defines adhesive capsulitis as a condition characterized by pain and loss of shoulder range of motion. There are two types: primary which is idiopathic, and secondary which occurs after shoulder injuries or immobilization. Clinical presentation includes pain and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles, modalities like heat for pain relief, and patient education on home exercises and prognosis. The goal is to regain full range of motion and normal shoulder function.
1. The document outlines the general management of ataxia through relaxation techniques, strengthening exercises, and fatigue reduction measures.
2. The goals of general physical therapy for ataxia are to prevent complications, treat symptoms like hypotonicity and dysmetria, improve muscle strength and range of motion, and provide education to patients.
3. Specific techniques discussed include relaxation, strength and cardiovascular conditioning, pain management, functional training, and flexibility exercises. Patient education is also emphasized.
This document discusses shoulder impingement syndrome, including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, stages, and treatment approaches. It provides details on the rotator cuff muscles, signs and symptoms of impingement, external and internal factors that can lead to impingement, stages of the syndrome, common tests used for diagnosis, goals of treatment, and manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and preventative measures used in treatment.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition caused by overuse and microtears of the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The condition results in pain at the outside of the elbow. Conservative treatments include activity modification, bracing, stretching, strengthening exercises, and shock wave therapy. Surgical intervention is considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 6 months.
Golfer elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is an overuse injury caused by repetitive motions that place stress on the tendons where the forearm muscles attach to the inner bump of the elbow. The condition causes pain on the inner elbow and difficulty with wrist movement. It commonly affects people over 30 years old who participate in sports like golf or tennis that involve swinging motions, or those with occupations requiring strong gripping. Conservative treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and bracing to decrease stress on the tendons.
This document discusses carpal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. It can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand. The presentation outlines the causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome, which include wrist splints, oral anti-inflammatory medications, local steroid injections, and carpal tunnel release surgery if conservative measures fail. The document provides details on physical exam findings and special tests like Tinel's and Phalen's maneuvers used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.
Spasticity, rigidity, hypotonia, dystonia, decerebrate rigidity, and decorticate rigidity are abnormal tones that can occur. Examination of tone includes initial observation, passive and active motion testing using scales like the Modified Ashworth Scale. Typical patterns of spasticity in upper and lower limbs are described for upper motor neuron lesions.
Student's elbow, or 'Olecranon Bursitis' is a condition where a small sack of tissue over the tip of your elbow becomes inflamed and swollen. The pointy bit of bone at the end of your elbow is called the 'olecranon' and the small sack which sits between the bone and the skin is called a 'bursa'.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
This document outlines an ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol with the following key phases:
1. The preoperative phase focuses on controlling pain and swelling, restoring range of motion through various exercises, and developing muscle strength before surgery.
2. Understanding the surgery involves a local anesthetic injection for pain control, potential use of a drainage tube, and a Cryocuff being applied before leaving the operating room.
3. The postoperative phases involve strict guidelines for range of motion and strength exercises over the first 6-12 months to ensure a full recovery, including the use of crutches, bracing, cycling and other low-impact activities.
This document provides information on lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It describes how lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury caused by repetitive microtrauma to the common extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle. The diagnosis is typically made based on physical examination findings of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist and finger extension. Both non-operative treatments like physiotherapy, bracing, and steroid injections and surgical options are discussed for managing lateral epicondylitis.
Meniscus injuries are common in young adults, often caused by twisting or heavy lifting. Symptoms include knee pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, pain with squatting, popping or clicking in the knee, and limited motion. Meniscus tears are classified as longitudinal, horizontal, radial, or flap tears. Exams like McMurray's test and Apley's test are used to diagnose tears. Treatment involves medications, surgery if the meniscus cannot be repaired, physiotherapy including exercises and bracing, and rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic surgery or meniscal repair surgery. Isokinetic training after arthroscopy can help improve knee function and muscle strength recovery.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury of the iliotibial band, a thick fascia that runs down the outside of the thigh. ITBS is caused by training errors like increasing mileage too quickly, running on uneven surfaces, or having poor form. Anatomical factors like tight muscles or leg length differences can also contribute. Diagnosis involves pain tests like the Renne Test or Noble Compression Test. Treatment starts with rest, ice, stretching, and anti-inflammatories. Later stages may include corticosteroid injections, surgery for refractory cases. Prevention focuses on gradual mileage increases, proper footwear, stretching, and avoiding uneven terrain.
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist caused by inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. It often affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions of the thumb like gripping. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by ulnar deviation and thumb movement. Diagnosis is based on tenderness over the tendon sheaths and a positive Finkelstein's test. Most cases are treated conservatively with splinting, activity modification and anti-inflammatories while surgery is reserved for persistent cases.
Deformities observed with Pes cavus includes :
*clawing of the toes
*posterior hind foot deformity (described as an increased calcaneal angle)
*contracture of the plantar fascia
*cock-up deformity of the great toe
Following References were used to prepare this powerpoint presentation which makes the slides accurate and relaible for studying purpose; Therapeutic Exrercise – Carolyn Kisner
Orthopaedic Physical Assessment – Magee
Orthopaedic Medicine – L. Ombregt
Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics
Slides includes following headings;
DEFINITION
TYPES
ORTHOPAEDIC ASSESSMENT
MEDICAL MANAGGEMENT
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Dr. Ankur Mittal's presentation discusses stenosing tenosynovitis, also known as trigger finger. The anatomy of the flexor tendon sheath and pulley system is described. Trigger finger occurs when a thickened flexor tendon catches on the A1 pulley, most commonly in the ring finger. Conservative treatments include splinting, steroid injections, and exercises, while surgery involves open or percutaneous release of the A1 pulley. Postoperative care focuses on early mobilization while avoiding complications like nerve damage or bowstringing. Surgical synovectomy may be required in rheumatoid patients to address underlying synovitis.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal or dysfunctional movement of the scapula. It can impair shoulder function and create issues like decreased subacromial space and rotator cuff weakness. Scapular dyskinesis is often associated with shoulder injuries like labral tears, impingement, and rotator cuff injuries. Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles like the serratus anterior and lower trapezius to improve scapular control and positioning during arm movements.
This document provides information about Achilles tendinopathy, including:
- It is a common overuse injury among athletes and the general public.
- It can be classified based on its location as insertional, non-insertional, or proximal tendinopathy.
- Risk factors include excessive loading, tight calf muscles, foot abnormalities, and medical issues.
- Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Arc sign and imaging like ultrasound or MRI.
- Treatment begins with rest, bracing, eccentric exercises, and other conservative methods, with surgery reserved for severe cases.
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of pulsatile dry cupping therapy compared to no intervention for knee osteoarthritis. 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 8 cupping sessions over 4 weeks or no treatment. Outcome measures including pain, stiffness, physical function, and quality of life were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, cupping resulted in significantly greater improvements in pain, physical function, and quality of life scores compared to the control group. Many benefits were still present at 12 weeks, though some scores were no longer significantly different. The study provides preliminary evidence that cupping may be an effective treatment for relieving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.
De Quervain's tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles in the wrist. It commonly affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions like knitting or computer use that strain the thumb and wrist. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by thumb movement. Conservative treatment involves splinting, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy exercises. Surgery may be considered if symptoms persist after several weeks of conservative care.
The Modified Ashworth Scale is a clinical measure of muscle spasticity in patients with neurological conditions. It is a 6-point scale ranging from 0-4 where lower scores represent normal muscle tone and higher scores represent increased spasticity or resistance to passive movement. The document provides detailed instructions on administering the Modified Ashworth Scale for assessing spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors, knee flexors, elbow flexors, and wrist flexors by standardizing limb positioning, stabilization, and movement during testing.
This document provides an overview of adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder" presented by Dr. Shazia Khalfe. It defines adhesive capsulitis as a condition characterized by pain and loss of shoulder range of motion. There are two types: primary which is idiopathic, and secondary which occurs after shoulder injuries or immobilization. Clinical presentation includes pain and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles, modalities like heat for pain relief, and patient education on home exercises and prognosis. The goal is to regain full range of motion and normal shoulder function.
1. The document outlines the general management of ataxia through relaxation techniques, strengthening exercises, and fatigue reduction measures.
2. The goals of general physical therapy for ataxia are to prevent complications, treat symptoms like hypotonicity and dysmetria, improve muscle strength and range of motion, and provide education to patients.
3. Specific techniques discussed include relaxation, strength and cardiovascular conditioning, pain management, functional training, and flexibility exercises. Patient education is also emphasized.
This document discusses shoulder impingement syndrome, including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, stages, and treatment approaches. It provides details on the rotator cuff muscles, signs and symptoms of impingement, external and internal factors that can lead to impingement, stages of the syndrome, common tests used for diagnosis, goals of treatment, and manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and preventative measures used in treatment.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition caused by overuse and microtears of the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The condition results in pain at the outside of the elbow. Conservative treatments include activity modification, bracing, stretching, strengthening exercises, and shock wave therapy. Surgical intervention is considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 6 months.
Golfer elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is an overuse injury caused by repetitive motions that place stress on the tendons where the forearm muscles attach to the inner bump of the elbow. The condition causes pain on the inner elbow and difficulty with wrist movement. It commonly affects people over 30 years old who participate in sports like golf or tennis that involve swinging motions, or those with occupations requiring strong gripping. Conservative treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and bracing to decrease stress on the tendons.
This document discusses carpal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. It can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand. The presentation outlines the causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome, which include wrist splints, oral anti-inflammatory medications, local steroid injections, and carpal tunnel release surgery if conservative measures fail. The document provides details on physical exam findings and special tests like Tinel's and Phalen's maneuvers used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.
Spasticity, rigidity, hypotonia, dystonia, decerebrate rigidity, and decorticate rigidity are abnormal tones that can occur. Examination of tone includes initial observation, passive and active motion testing using scales like the Modified Ashworth Scale. Typical patterns of spasticity in upper and lower limbs are described for upper motor neuron lesions.
Student's elbow, or 'Olecranon Bursitis' is a condition where a small sack of tissue over the tip of your elbow becomes inflamed and swollen. The pointy bit of bone at the end of your elbow is called the 'olecranon' and the small sack which sits between the bone and the skin is called a 'bursa'.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
This document outlines an ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol with the following key phases:
1. The preoperative phase focuses on controlling pain and swelling, restoring range of motion through various exercises, and developing muscle strength before surgery.
2. Understanding the surgery involves a local anesthetic injection for pain control, potential use of a drainage tube, and a Cryocuff being applied before leaving the operating room.
3. The postoperative phases involve strict guidelines for range of motion and strength exercises over the first 6-12 months to ensure a full recovery, including the use of crutches, bracing, cycling and other low-impact activities.
This document provides information on lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It describes how lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury caused by repetitive microtrauma to the common extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle. The diagnosis is typically made based on physical examination findings of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist and finger extension. Both non-operative treatments like physiotherapy, bracing, and steroid injections and surgical options are discussed for managing lateral epicondylitis.
Meniscus injuries are common in young adults, often caused by twisting or heavy lifting. Symptoms include knee pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, pain with squatting, popping or clicking in the knee, and limited motion. Meniscus tears are classified as longitudinal, horizontal, radial, or flap tears. Exams like McMurray's test and Apley's test are used to diagnose tears. Treatment involves medications, surgery if the meniscus cannot be repaired, physiotherapy including exercises and bracing, and rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic surgery or meniscal repair surgery. Isokinetic training after arthroscopy can help improve knee function and muscle strength recovery.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury of the iliotibial band, a thick fascia that runs down the outside of the thigh. ITBS is caused by training errors like increasing mileage too quickly, running on uneven surfaces, or having poor form. Anatomical factors like tight muscles or leg length differences can also contribute. Diagnosis involves pain tests like the Renne Test or Noble Compression Test. Treatment starts with rest, ice, stretching, and anti-inflammatories. Later stages may include corticosteroid injections, surgery for refractory cases. Prevention focuses on gradual mileage increases, proper footwear, stretching, and avoiding uneven terrain.
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist caused by inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. It often affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions of the thumb like gripping. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by ulnar deviation and thumb movement. Diagnosis is based on tenderness over the tendon sheaths and a positive Finkelstein's test. Most cases are treated conservatively with splinting, activity modification and anti-inflammatories while surgery is reserved for persistent cases.
Deformities observed with Pes cavus includes :
*clawing of the toes
*posterior hind foot deformity (described as an increased calcaneal angle)
*contracture of the plantar fascia
*cock-up deformity of the great toe
Following References were used to prepare this powerpoint presentation which makes the slides accurate and relaible for studying purpose; Therapeutic Exrercise – Carolyn Kisner
Orthopaedic Physical Assessment – Magee
Orthopaedic Medicine – L. Ombregt
Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics
Slides includes following headings;
DEFINITION
TYPES
ORTHOPAEDIC ASSESSMENT
MEDICAL MANAGGEMENT
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Dr. Ankur Mittal's presentation discusses stenosing tenosynovitis, also known as trigger finger. The anatomy of the flexor tendon sheath and pulley system is described. Trigger finger occurs when a thickened flexor tendon catches on the A1 pulley, most commonly in the ring finger. Conservative treatments include splinting, steroid injections, and exercises, while surgery involves open or percutaneous release of the A1 pulley. Postoperative care focuses on early mobilization while avoiding complications like nerve damage or bowstringing. Surgical synovectomy may be required in rheumatoid patients to address underlying synovitis.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal or dysfunctional movement of the scapula. It can impair shoulder function and create issues like decreased subacromial space and rotator cuff weakness. Scapular dyskinesis is often associated with shoulder injuries like labral tears, impingement, and rotator cuff injuries. Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles like the serratus anterior and lower trapezius to improve scapular control and positioning during arm movements.
This document provides information about Achilles tendinopathy, including:
- It is a common overuse injury among athletes and the general public.
- It can be classified based on its location as insertional, non-insertional, or proximal tendinopathy.
- Risk factors include excessive loading, tight calf muscles, foot abnormalities, and medical issues.
- Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Arc sign and imaging like ultrasound or MRI.
- Treatment begins with rest, bracing, eccentric exercises, and other conservative methods, with surgery reserved for severe cases.
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of pulsatile dry cupping therapy compared to no intervention for knee osteoarthritis. 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive either 8 cupping sessions over 4 weeks or no treatment. Outcome measures including pain, stiffness, physical function, and quality of life were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. At 4 weeks, cupping resulted in significantly greater improvements in pain, physical function, and quality of life scores compared to the control group. Many benefits were still present at 12 weeks, though some scores were no longer significantly different. The study provides preliminary evidence that cupping may be an effective treatment for relieving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.
Physical Therapy Practice Guidelines: Thoracic manipulation is both safe and effective in treating mechanical neck pain (neck pain with mobility deficits).
Ergonomics is a vastly discussed topic in all fields...right from day to day activities to highly skilled Professions like Dentistry.lets have a quick look at what all we need to be careful about, to lead a healthy dental career.
smile and make others smile ....;)
An effort to put light on the common health hazards caused by improper ergonomics and a glance over the proper ergonomic practises to be followed in daily dental practise to increase the ease and efficiency of your practise..
Physiotherapy management of transverse myelitis : A case study.pptOluwadamilareAkinwan
This document summarizes a case study presentation on the physiotherapy management of transverse myelitis. It provides background on transverse myelitis, including epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and medical management. It then describes the role of rehabilitation in treatment, with a focus on physical therapy. Finally, it presents a case study of a 25-year old female patient diagnosed with transverse myelitis, including her examination findings and physical therapy treatment goals and interventions.
Objective: Tennis elbow is an inflammatory condition of the common extensor origin over the lateral epicondyle. This condition does not affect tennis players only. It often follows an injury or sudden contraction of the common extensor origin.There is many treatments and approaches towards Tennis elbow but physiotherapy is the best modern conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of movement with mobilization in reducing pain and increasing strength in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Design and setting: A randomized controlled study design was used to examine the differences between conventional physical therapy and physical therapy with manual mobilization approach for study duration of 15 days. Subjects: Twelve subjects of both male and female gender were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group treated with ultrasound therapy, mobilization and progressive resisted exercises. Control group treated with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises only the results were analyzed. The procedure was done in Physiotherapy Department at Masterskill college of Nursing and health. Outcome Measurement: Two outcome measures were used. NPRS for the measurement of severity of pain and various weighted sand bags (0.25 kg to 2kg) were used to measure the strength. Results: The data shows a significant difference in the post test values of pain and strength between experimental group and control group. Experimental group shows much decrease in pain and increase in strength than the control group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the manual mobilization with movement along with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises is effective in reducing pain and increasing strength than that of progressive resisted exercise along with ultra sound therapy in adults with chronic lateral epicondylitis.
This document describes a study examining the effectiveness of percutaneous fenestration of the anteromedial aspect of the calcaneus for treating chronic heel pain syndrome. 34 patients with chronic heel pain for at least 6 months that did not improve with conservative treatment underwent the fenestration procedure. Pain levels decreased significantly after the procedure based on patient reported pain scores. At 12 months follow up, 100% of patients reported excellent results with no pain. The procedure provides an effective minimally invasive treatment option for recalcitrant heel pain after conservative treatments have failed.
Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the elderly. It causes progressive damage to articular cartilage and surrounding structures in the hip joint. The main symptoms are pain in the groin region that may radiate to the knee, joint stiffness, and functional impairment. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous hip injury or surgery. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical exam findings, and radiographic changes. Treatment involves patient education, exercises to increase strength and flexibility, weight loss, and joint replacement surgery for advanced cases.
1. Rehabilitation after lower limb amputation involves pre-op, post-op, and long-term phases aimed at preventing complications, educating the patient, and improving functional mobility and independence.
2. The post-op phase focuses on managing pain, increasing range of motion and strength, promoting wound healing, and training the patient in mobility and prosthetic use.
3. Long-term rehabilitation involves community and vocational reintegration, lifelong prosthetic management, and psychological support through follow-ups and support groups.
This document summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding intraoral appliances used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). It discusses what is known about how these appliances work, their various designs, and the mechanisms by which they may provide relief from TMD pain and dysfunction. However, the evidence from clinical trials supporting their use is still limited. More research is needed to determine which appliance designs are best suited for specific TMD diagnoses and whether long-term wear provides ongoing benefits or risks changes to occlusion. Overall, oral appliances are considered a reasonable first-line treatment option for managing TMD pain when used appropriately.
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TENOSYNOVITIS DISORDERS OF UPPER EXTREMITY BY MAHEEN.pptxMaheen Fatima
This document discusses several common disorders of the upper extremity tendons, including lateral and medial epicondylitis (tennis and golfer's elbow), De Quervain's disease, and trigger finger. It provides details on the anatomy, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. For lateral epicondylitis, it notes that the condition is caused by microtrauma and degeneration of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon at the lateral epicondyle. Diagnosis is usually clinical but ultrasound or MRI can help. Treatment involves splinting, physical therapy, and corticosteroid injections, with surgery reserved for refractory cases.
This study analyzed the long-term effectiveness of corticosteroid injections for treating trigger finger. The study observed 71 patients over 8 years on average who received injections for their first diagnosis of trigger finger. It found that 69% of patients experienced complete remission of symptoms without needing surgery. Thumbs responded better to treatment, with an 81% success rate, compared to 56% for other fingers. While injections provided relief for most, diabetes reduced their effectiveness. The study concludes that corticosteroid injections provide an effective first-line treatment for trigger finger.
The document outlines various treatment approaches for elbow rehabilitation, focusing on extensor tendinopathy or tennis elbow. It recommends a combination of treatments including pain control, electrotherapeutic modalities like ultrasound and laser, soft tissue therapy, manual therapy, trigger point release, stretching, strengthening exercises, bracing, taping, corticosteroid injections, nitric oxide therapy, acupuncture, and potentially surgery if conservative treatments fail after 12 months. The goal is to control pain, encourage healing, restore flexibility and strength, and allow a gradual return to activity.
The document outlines various treatment approaches for elbow rehabilitation, focusing on extensor tendinopathy or tennis elbow. It recommends a combination of treatments including pain control, electrotherapeutic modalities like ultrasound and laser, soft tissue therapy, manual therapy, trigger point release, stretching, strengthening exercises, bracing, taping, corticosteroid injections, nitric oxide therapy, acupuncture, and potentially surgery if conservative treatments fail after 12 months. The goal is to control pain, encourage healing, restore flexibility and strength, and allow a gradual return to activity.
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TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
3. INTRODUCTION
Trigger finger is a condition where abnormal gliding of the flexor tendons within
their flexor sheath results in snagging or locking of the affected digit in flexion or
occasionally extension (British Society for Surgery of the Hand Evidence for
Surgical Treatment [BEST], 2016).
Trigger finger is also referred to as:
• Trigger digit
• Stenosing tenosynovitis
• Stenosing flexor tenosynovitis.
4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Trigger finger occurs up to six times more frequently in women than men and the
onset is usually in the middle fifth to sixth decades of life. The lifetime risk of
developing trigger finger is between 2% and 3% but increases to up to 10% in
diabetics (Makkouk, Oetgen, Swigart & Dodds, 2008).
5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Histologically, the A1 pulley may demonstrate fibrocartilagenous metaplasia and
hypertrophy, increased glycosaminoglycan, degenerative changes and proliferation
of fibrous tissue (Sampson et al 1991). These changes can result in the wall of the
A1 pulley becoming three times thicker than normal (Ryzewicz and Wolf 2006). The
thickening of the A1 pulley is most probably responsible for jamming of the flexor
tendons in the entrance to the flexor sheath of the digit (Ryzewicz and Wolf 2006).
Often, trigger finger is referred to as “stenosing tenosynovitis.” However, histologic
studies have revealed that inflammatory changes are not seen in the tenosynovium
consequently making this name a false representation of the actual pathophysiology
of trigger finger (Makkouk et al, 2008).
6.
7. ETIOLOGY
Potential causes of trigger finger have been proposed. Examples of such causes
include:
• Occupational-related causes
• Any activity that requires prolonged forceful finger flexion. For example, carrying
a briefcase etc. (Andreu, Oton, Silvia-Fernandez & Sanz, 2011).
However, the precise etiology remains unclear. It is important to consider that the
cause of the pathological condition is mostly multifactorial in nature (Makkouk et
al, 2008).
8. CLINICAL PRESENTATION
It has a range of clinical presentations. At the onset, patient may present with
painless clicking during movement of the affected finger. This can progress to
painful catching ,commonly, at the metacarpophalangeal or proximal
interphalangeal joints. There can also be stiffness (particularly in the morning) of the
finger and tenderness over the A1 pulley (Makkouk et al, 2008).
There can be slight thickening at the base of the finger and a pain that may radiate to
the palm or the distal part of the finger (Colbourn, Heath, Manary & Pacifico,
2008).
Functional limitations can include limited grip strength and decreased ability to hold
narrow-handle objects which can cause snapping of the involved finger (Valdes,
2012).
11. EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS
The examination of a patient presenting with the signs and symptoms of a trigger
finger encompasses:
• Comprehensive history taking which should be cognizant of recent trauma, job-
related repetitive movement, locking or snapping while flexing or extending the
affected finger and relevant past medical history (Makkouk et al, 2008)
• Observing for swelling and locking of the affected finger
• Palpating the A1 pulley region to check for tenderness
• Range of motion assessment to check for loss of motion particularly in extension.
The diagnosis of trigger finger is usually made on the basis of the clinical signs and
symptoms revealed during physical examination (Huisstede, Hoogvliet, Coert &
Fridén, 2014).
12. OUTCOME MEASURES
• Numeric Pain Rating Scale
• DASH Outcome Measure
• Stages of Stenosing Tenosynovitis (SST) Scale where
1= Normal
2= A painful palpable nodule
3= Triggering
4= The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint locks into flexion and is unlocked with
active PIP joint extension
5= The PIP joint locks and is unlocked with passive PIP joint extension
6= The PIP joint remains locked in a flexed position.
13. MANAGEMENT
The management of trigger finger is of two categories which are:
• Conservative/Non-operative management which comprises medical management
and physiotherapy management
• Operative management which is basically surgical management.
14. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Corticosteroid such as methylprednisolone in form of injection is used in the
management of trigger finger. Some studies have shown that the combination of
corticosteroid injections with lidocaine has more significant effectiveness than
lidocaine alone ((Peters-Veluthamaningal, van der Windt, Winters & Meyboom-de
Jong 2009). However, the long-term efficacy of steroid injection is yet to be
clarified (BEST, 2016).
16. Activity Modification: This entails the avoidance of activities that result in
triggering or the aggravation of patient’s symptoms. It is presumed that activity
modification may allow the pathologic process to settle (BEST, 2016).
17. Splinting: Many authors believe that splinting can help to alter the biomechanics of
flexor tendons while promoting maximal differential tendon glide. Nevertheless,
authors disagree on which joints to include in the splint and the degree of joint
positioning (Colbourn et al, 2008). It should be noted that splinting yields low
success rates in patients with severe or chronic symptoms (Makkouk et al, 2008).
The two commonly used splints are namely: metacarpophalangeal(MCP) blocking
splint and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) blocking splint.
18.
19. Modalities:
• Heat Therapy: Heat increases blood flow and extensibility of collagen tissues
assisting in resolution of edema, decreasing joint stiffness and pain (Salim,
Abdullah, Sapuan & Haflah, 2012) . Therapeutic heat modalities include wax bath,
therapeutic ultrasound, hot water pack, infra-red radiation and hot pack etc.
• Cryotherapy: This can help to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Cryotherapy
modalities include cold pack and ice cube massage.
• Contrast Bath: This may help to decrease pain and swelling.
• Massage: It improves tendon function by increasing circulation and tendon
nutrition. It may also help to remodel hypertrophic tendons therefore reducing
tissue bulk at the pulleys (Evans, Hunter & Burkhalter, 1988). Some authors have
advocated that the entire tendon sheath and the adjacent area should be massaged.
20. Exercise Therapy: This can be carried out in form of tendon glide and joint blocking
exercises. In addition, stretching as a form of flexibility exercise after the
application of heat can provide more extensibility with plastic deformation.
The examples of tendon glide exercises are active straight fist exercise, active hook
fist exercise, active full fist exercise, passive full fist exercise and table top exercise.
The examples of joint blocking exercises include PIP flexion exercise and DIP
flexion exercise.
21.
22.
23.
24. A study was carried out by some researchers (Salim et al., 2012) to know the
effectiveness of Physiotherapy in the management of mild trigger finger (described
as painful and triggering). The therapy regimen consisted of ten sessions during
which wax therapy, ultrasound, muscle stretching exercises and massage were
collectively made use of to treat the condition. The authors quoted an overall
success rate, defined as absence of pain and triggering, of 68.6% at 3 months. At 6
months, according to the authors, there was no recurrence of symptoms in the
patients (BEST, 2016). However, the results of this study are compromised by the
lack of details regarding the treatments and the fact that multiple modalities are
used rather than just one (BEST, 2016).
25. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
This is usually indicated when conservative management has failed to improve
symptoms, when the symptoms are very severe and recurrent despite rigorous
conservative management or the patient opted for operative management.
It involves the surgical division or partial resection of A1 pulley so as to reduce the
symptoms of trigger finger (BEST, 2016). There are two major techniques through
which the surgical management can be achieved namely :
• Percutaneous release
• Open release (BEST, 2016).
26. POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
The essence of this management is to return patient to full function by increasing
range of motion, preventing edema and scar adhesions after undergoing surgery
(BEST, 2016). This management (about 10-14 days after surgery, when the sutures
are removed) can be carried out by educating patient to :
• Elevate the hand above the heart level so as to prevent edema
• Move the finger to prevent scar adhesions
• Avoid heavy lifting or forceful activities until 2-4 weeks post-surgery
• Undergo physiotherapy if necessary/needed (BEST, 2016).
27. CONCLUSION
According to a study (Huisstede et al, 2014) aimed at achieving consensus on a
multidisciplinary treatment guideline for trigger finger, splinting was regarded as an
evidenced-based treatment of managing trigger finger conservatively.
According to a systematic review study (BEST, 2016) carried out to determine
evidence-based management of adult trigger finger, there is a paucity of quality
evidence in the English literature currently supporting physiotherapy management
as an effective means of treating trigger finger conservatively.
The two aforementioned studies have revealed corticosteroid injection and surgical
techniques as evidence-based managements of trigger finger.
28. REFERENCES
• Andreu, J. L., Oton, T., Silvia-Fernandez, L., & Sanz, J. (2011). Hand pain other than
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS): The role of occupational factors. Best Practice and
Research Clinical Rheumatology, 25, 31–42.
• British Society for Surgery of the Hand Evidence for Surgical Treatment. (2016).
Evidence based management of adult trigger digits. Retrieved from
https://www.bssh.ac.uk
• Colbourn, J., Heath, N., Manary, S., & Pacifico, D. (2008). Effectiveness of splinting
for the treatment of trigger finger. J Hand Ther, 21, 336–43.
• Evans, B., Hunter, J., & Burkhalter, W. (1988). Conservative management of the
trigger finger: A new approach. J Hand Therapy, 2, 59-68.
• Huisstede, B. M. A., Hoogvliet, P., Coert, J. H., Fridén, J. (2014). Multidisciplinary
consensus guideline for managing trigger finger: Results from the European
Handguide Study. Phys Ther, 94, 1421–1433.
29. • Makkouk, A. L., Oetgen, M. E., Swigart, C. R., & Dodds, S. D. (2008). Trigger finger:
Etiology, evaluation and treatment. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2, 92–6.
• Peters-Veluthamaningal, C., van der Windt, D. A., Winters, J. C., & Meyboom-de Jong,
B. (2009). Corticosteroid injection for trigger finger in adults. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev, (1), CD005617.
• Ryzewicz, M., & Wolf, J. (2006). Trigger digits: Principles, management and
complications. J Hand Surg Am, 31, 135–46.
• Salim, N., Abdullah, S., Sapuan, J., & Haflah, N. H. (2012). Outcome of corticosteroid
injection versus physiotherapy in the treatment of mild trigger fingers. J Hand Surg
Eur, 37, 27-34.
• Valdes, K. (2012). A retrospective review to determine the long-term efficacy of
orthotic devices for trigger finger. J Hand Ther, 25, 89-96.