By mixing many slide

1. b
physiology

2. SALIVARY GLAND

3. Introduction
 SalivaryGland is any cell or organ
discharging a secretion into the oral
cavity.
 Major and minor Salivary Glands
 Major (Paired)
 Parotid
 Submandibular
 Sublingual
 Minor
Buccal glands
von ebner’s gland

4. Parotid is the largest salivary gland but
Submandibular gland secrete maximum
amount of saliva.
• GLAND DUCT NAME
• 1. PAROTID STENSON DUCT
• 2. SUBMANDIBULAR WHARTONS DUCT
• 3. SUBLINGUAL RIVINUS DUCT
• Parotid gland secretes serous type of secretion(contain ptyalin an alpha
amylase) but other 2 gland secretes both serous and mucinous secretion.
• ALPHA AMYLASE
• STARCH MALTOSE & GLUCOSE

5.  Main function of Salivary
Gland-secretion of saliva
 Daily secretion -800 to
1500 ml
 pH :6-7

6. Saliva Compositon
Water (99.5%) Solid (0.5%)
Organic Inorganic
Ptyalin
Mucin
Lysozyme
IgA
Lactoferrin
Na+
K+
Ca+
Cl-
HCO3
Mg

7. ACINI- Plural of acinus
small sac like dilatation composing compound glands
• PITS- Invagination of epithelium into submucosa. In small intestine
these are called crypt of liberkuhn.
• Secretory gland have 2 primary functions
• 1.Digestion by digestive enzyme
• 2.Mucus gland for lubrication and protection
• Contact of food with the epithelium stimulate secretion .
• The stimulus are tactile,chemical,distention of gut wall

8. Mechanism of secretion
Aldosterone

9. MECHANISM OF SECRETION
• 2 Stage acini and salivary duct.
• Acini secrete primary secretion contains ptyalin with concentration
similar to ECF.
• When pr. Secretion flow through duct 2 major active transport take
place -sodium reabsorbed from duct for which potassium actively
secreted. Because of sodium reabsorption inside become -70 mv
• This negativity causes chloride ions to be reabsorbed passively and
bicarbonate ions are secreted by the ductal epithelium.

10.  Ionic Composition
 Salivain the acini-isotonic with plasma
 Under resting condition ionic composition of saliva reaching
the mouth
 Na+ and Cl- 15 mEq/l (1/7 to 1/10 conc of Plasma)
 K+ 30 mEq/l (7 times that of Plasma)
 HCO3- 50-70 mEq/l (2-3 times that of plasma)
 During maximal salivation
 Na+ and Cl- (1/2 to 2/3 conc of Plasma)
 K+ (4 times that of Plasma)
 HCO3- 50-70 mEq/l (2-3 times that of plasma)

11. Functions of Saliva






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Keep the mouth moist
Aids in swallowing
Aids in speech
Keeps the mouth and teeth
clean
Antimicrobial action
Digestive function
Bicarbonate acts as buffer

12. ● Under neural control
● Mainly by parasympathetic signals from
Sup & Inf salivatory nuclei
Control of Salivary Secretion
Sup Salivatory Nu
Inf Salivatroy Nu
Facial N
Otic Ganglion
Chorda tympani N
Submandibular G
Parotid Gland

13. Control of secretion

14.  Parasympathetic stimulation-
profuse secretion of watery saliva
 Sympathetic stimulation-
scanty viscid secretion
 Sympathetic supply comes from cervical
sympathetic chain along the blood vessels

15. Stimuator s
Inhibitor s
• Taste sensation
• Tactile sensation by smooth
object
• Neural signals from higher
center
• Reflex originated from
stomach and SI
• Sympathetic stimulation
• Vasodilators
• Tactile sensation by rough
object
• Neural signal from higher
center
• Excessive sympathetic
stimulation
• Sleep, fear, fatigue
Factors regulating secretion

16. Applied
Xerostomia Sialorrhoea
Mumps Sialolithiasis

17. thank you