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Physics	
  101	
  LO6	
  –	
  Vibrato	
  	
  
	
  
To	
  achieve	
  vibrato,	
  a	
  slight	
  rapid	
  
change	
  of	
  pitch	
  in	
  a	
  sustained	
  note,	
  
players	
  of	
  string	
  instruments	
  wiggle	
  
their	
  finger	
  very	
  slightly	
  back	
  and	
  
forth.	
  This	
  quickly	
  shortens	
  and	
  
lengthens	
  the	
  string,	
  altering	
  the	
  
pitch.	
  This	
  is	
  an	
  important	
  skill	
  for	
  a	
  
musician	
  as	
  it	
  creates	
  richer	
  tone	
  and	
  
more	
  pleasant	
  sounds.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
If	
  a	
  violinist	
  is	
  playing	
  C4	
  (frequency	
  261.6	
  Hz)	
  by	
  how	
  much	
  does	
  the	
  frequency	
  
change	
  when	
  she	
  creates	
  vibrato	
  by	
  rolling	
  her	
  fingertip	
  back	
  and	
  forth	
  (her	
  
fingertip	
  length	
  is	
  1cm).	
  The	
  tension	
  in	
  the	
  violin	
  string	
  is	
  60N	
  and	
  the	
  linear	
  density	
  
of	
  the	
  string	
  is	
  1.50	
  g/m.	
  (Note	
  C4	
  is	
  the	
  second	
  harmonic)	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Physics	
  101	
  LO6	
  –	
  Vibrato	
  (Solution)	
  
	
  
To	
  achieve	
  vibrato,	
  a	
  slight	
  rapid	
  
change	
  of	
  pitch	
  in	
  a	
  sustained	
  note,	
  
players	
  of	
  string	
  instruments	
  wiggle	
  
their	
  finger	
  very	
  slightly	
  back	
  and	
  
forth.	
  This	
  quickly	
  shortens	
  and	
  
lengthens	
  the	
  string,	
  altering	
  the	
  
pitch.	
  This	
  is	
  an	
  important	
  skill	
  for	
  a	
  
musician	
  as	
  it	
  creates	
  richer	
  tone	
  and	
  
more	
  pleasant	
  sounds.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
If	
  a	
  violinist	
  is	
  playing	
  C4	
  (frequency	
  261.6	
  Hz)	
  by	
  how	
  much	
  does	
  the	
  frequency	
  
change	
  when	
  she	
  creates	
  vibrato	
  by	
  rolling	
  her	
  fingertip	
  back	
  and	
  forth	
  (her	
  
fingertip	
  length	
  is	
  1cm).	
  The	
  tension	
  in	
  the	
  violin	
  string	
  is	
  60.0N	
  and	
  the	
  linear	
  
density	
  of	
  the	
  string	
  is	
  1.50	
  g/m.	
  
	
  
1. Parse	
  the	
  Problem,	
  convert	
  to	
  MKS	
  units	
  
-­‐ f1	
  =	
  261.6	
  Hz	
  
-­‐ ΔL	
  =	
  ±0.005	
  m	
  	
  
-­‐ T	
  =	
  60.0N	
  μ	
  =	
  0.00150	
  kg/m	
  
2. Identify	
  relevant	
  equations	
  
𝑓! =  
!
!"
!
!
	
  	
  
3. Solve	
  
𝑓! =
!
!!
!
!
	
  	
  
L =  
!
!!
!
!
=  
!
!(!"#.!)
!!.!
!.!!"#!
= 0.382  m	
  	
  
	
  
Lowest	
  frequency:	
  
𝑓! =
!
!(!.!"#!!.!!")
!!.!
!.!!"#!
= 258.4  Hz	
  	
  
	
  
Highest	
  Frequency:	
  
	
  
𝑓! =
!
!(!.!"#!!.!!")
!!.!
!.!!"#!
= 265.2  Hz	
  	
  
	
  
The	
  frequency	
  changes	
  by	
  -­‐3.2	
  Hz	
  and	
  +3.6	
  Hz	
  during	
  vibrato	
  	
  

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Physics 101 LO6 – vibrato

  • 1. Physics  101  LO6  –  Vibrato       To  achieve  vibrato,  a  slight  rapid   change  of  pitch  in  a  sustained  note,   players  of  string  instruments  wiggle   their  finger  very  slightly  back  and   forth.  This  quickly  shortens  and   lengthens  the  string,  altering  the   pitch.  This  is  an  important  skill  for  a   musician  as  it  creates  richer  tone  and   more  pleasant  sounds.           If  a  violinist  is  playing  C4  (frequency  261.6  Hz)  by  how  much  does  the  frequency   change  when  she  creates  vibrato  by  rolling  her  fingertip  back  and  forth  (her   fingertip  length  is  1cm).  The  tension  in  the  violin  string  is  60N  and  the  linear  density   of  the  string  is  1.50  g/m.  (Note  C4  is  the  second  harmonic)                                                      
  • 2. Physics  101  LO6  –  Vibrato  (Solution)     To  achieve  vibrato,  a  slight  rapid   change  of  pitch  in  a  sustained  note,   players  of  string  instruments  wiggle   their  finger  very  slightly  back  and   forth.  This  quickly  shortens  and   lengthens  the  string,  altering  the   pitch.  This  is  an  important  skill  for  a   musician  as  it  creates  richer  tone  and   more  pleasant  sounds.           If  a  violinist  is  playing  C4  (frequency  261.6  Hz)  by  how  much  does  the  frequency   change  when  she  creates  vibrato  by  rolling  her  fingertip  back  and  forth  (her   fingertip  length  is  1cm).  The  tension  in  the  violin  string  is  60.0N  and  the  linear   density  of  the  string  is  1.50  g/m.     1. Parse  the  Problem,  convert  to  MKS  units   -­‐ f1  =  261.6  Hz   -­‐ ΔL  =  ±0.005  m     -­‐ T  =  60.0N  μ  =  0.00150  kg/m   2. Identify  relevant  equations   𝑓! =   ! !" ! !     3. Solve   𝑓! = ! !! ! !     L =   ! !! ! ! =   ! !(!"#.!) !!.! !.!!"#! = 0.382  m       Lowest  frequency:   𝑓! = ! !(!.!"#!!.!!") !!.! !.!!"#! = 258.4  Hz       Highest  Frequency:     𝑓! = ! !(!.!"#!!.!!") !!.! !.!!"#! = 265.2  Hz       The  frequency  changes  by  -­‐3.2  Hz  and  +3.6  Hz  during  vibrato