Sunergy Solar Pte Ltd is a solar energy company established in 2005 that trades silicon products and provides full solar system solutions. The document provides information on how photovoltaic systems work by converting sunlight to electricity using solar panels. It also discusses factors to consider for implementation such as shading and orientation, and provides case studies of off-grid solar systems for a bicycle rental business and bus stop.

1. Sunergy Solar Pte Ltd
(http://www.sunergysolar.com.sg)
Established since 2005
Trade : Silicon (Wafers and ingots), Solar Cells and Full System Solution
Full System Solution: Design, Configuration of Off-grid and Grid Tie System
BCA : SY05 L5 (2014)
Prepared by : Soh Guan Lee
Contact :
+65 9475 9803 (Mobile)
+65 6515 4780 (Office)
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2. Content
1. How Photovoltaic Works
2. Photovoltaic Cells and Modules
3. Pre-Implementation
4. Off Grid System
5. Case Study
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3. How Photovoltaic Works
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When light shines on the cell, electrons are pushed out from
the cell, producing direct current electricity.
Thin N-type layer
Thick P-type layer
e–
+ + + + + + + +
– – – – – – – –
P/N Junction region
of electric field

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Connect Cells To Make Modules
•One Silicon Solar Cell produces about 0.5 volts
•36 Cells connected together produce enough voltage to charge 12 volts battery
•50 – 60 cells modules are common for grid connected systems operating at
about 25 - 40 volts each
•Module is the basic building block of systems
•Can connect modules together to get any power configuration (Limited by
voltage)

6. Solar Cells and Modules currently available in the market:
1. Mono and Poly Crystalline (more than 15% Eff)
2. SunPower/Panasonic HIT®/Ben Q Cell (more than 19% Eff)
3. Thin Film and CIGS (Eff between 8-12%)
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7. Mono Crystalline Cells
Poly Crystalline Cells
Able to attain higher efficiency cells compared to Poly and Thin Film.
Appearance of surface is dark and uniform
Highest Module Efficiency in the market at close to 16%
Slightly less efficient compared to Mono Crystalline but higher than Thin Film
Appearance may have inconsistent color
Highest Module Efficiency in the market at 15+%
*Silicon cells are sensitive to heat and temperature.
Types of Solar Cells
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8. Panasonic HIT® Cell
SunPower / Ben Q Solar Cell
*Combination of Thin Film and Silicon would have a better performance.
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9. Project proudly done by
Thin Film and CIS/CIGS
Project :
Size:
Commission:
25 Begonia Terrace
11000W
2013
1. Thin Film (Amorphous), Flexible Thin film
2. CIS/CIGS (Constituents Copper, Indium, Gallium and Selenium)
Less sensitive to Heat and Temperature
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10. Pre-Implementation Site Conditions
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11. Factors to be consider before implementation
• Shading
• Direction and Orientation of Module
• Financial Considerations
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12. • Shading
– Blocks the sunlight from reaching the module and affect
power generation
• E.g.: Taller buildings might cast a shadow on modules
– Cause the PV string to drop in power (Reason for MPPT)
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Factors to be consider before implementation

13. • Orientation and Direction of modules
– To be facing the North or South for maximum exposure to
sun (East to West)
– Angling of module
• Causes Water residue (Shadowing)
• Heat dissipation (heat causes power lost)
• Soiling (Dust and Dirt)
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Factors to be consider before implementation

14. Direction of facing affects :
•Hours of sun exposure which may lead to significant power loss
Shading by nearby buildings causes :
• Complete loss of power
North South
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15. West
East
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16. • Financial Considerations
– Fit in Tariff
– Government
• Certain Tax Rebate
• Carbon Credit
– Building Estatic and ROI
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Factors to be consider before implementation

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Building Integrated Photovoltaic
• Government Grant
• Green Building Grant
12Kwp System
Return of Investment: 20 Years
After Grants: Less than 8 Years
Garden By the Bay (Super Tree)
• Innovation Grant
• Green Building Grant
10 - 20Kwp System
Innovation and Ecstatic Purpose

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Off-Grid Solar and
how it works

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1. Solar Module to generate power
• Selection of Module depends on Voltage and Ampere
• Size of panel depends on amount needed for charge
• Eg. 12V/24V system requires 18V/36V Panel
• Custom design for 48V system and Hybrid
2. Charge Controller to regulate voltage and current
• Size according to Ampere and voltage configuration
• Eg. Normal or controllers with MPPT
3. Battery to store power
• Storage to be design with backup of 3 – 5 days depending on
requirement
• Battery type eg. Lead Acid or Gel depending on environment
Item needed

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4. Inverter to convert DC to AC (Optional)
• Inverter selection depend on Load usage and voltage
• Hybrid possible with available onsite generator or other
alternative source of power to charge battery
• Eg. 50W AC Fan requires 50W Inverter with 3x surge factor
Item needed

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Why need Off Grid Power
1. Critical in areas of Security (CCTV, Lights and sensors)
2. Backup during power shortage/blackout
3. Used in remote islands where diesel/petrol is expensive
4. Telecommunication/satellite/repeater station

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Why need Off Grid Power
1. Expensive to install in areas where laying cables is
needed to connect to grid
2. Hard to reach areas accessible by boat or helicopter
3. Backup power for security devices
4. Portable power
Summary,
Power is critical to daily operation. with a reliable backup power
system, we can be assure that our security/safety are not compromised

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Case Study 1
Bicycle Rental Located at Hougang
and Punggol

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Case Study 1
1. 1 unit of AC Ceiling Fan 100W AC
2. 1 unit of CPU 150W AC
3. 4 units of CCTV and Recording unit 150W AC
4. 2 unit of SPOT lights 100W AC (200W)
5. 1 unit of Fridge (80W DC)
Hours of Usage: 8 – 10 hours per day
Total Power Consumption: 6000Wh Per Day

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Case Study 1
1. 12 units of 198Wp Sharp Module
2. 1 unit of Steca MPPT Charge Controller
3. 2400Ah Battery Capacity
4. 500W Steca Inverter
System Design
48V Configuration
5 Days Power Backup
30% Conservative power loss

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Case Study 2
Bus Stop located at Sentosa

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Case Study 2
1. 1 unit of AC Ceiling Fan 100W AC
2. 2 units of 30W LED Lights
Hours of Usage: 7pm – 7am per day (Lights)
AC Fan Turn on when Button is pressed
Total Power Consumption: 1560W Maximum

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Case Study 2
1. 4 units of 24V, 100Wp Module
2. 1 unit of Steca MPPT Charge Controller
3. 400Ah Battery Capacity
4. 300W Steca Inverter
System Design
12V Configuration
5 Days Power Backup
30% Conservative power loss

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Other Projects

30. Thank you
Bringing Sun
Energy
Nearer To You
Prepared By: Soh Guan Lee
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