ppt for B.sc of chemical engineering

1. Design and Evaluation of Micro-Channel
Photoreactor for wastewater Treatment
Application
By:
Esra Belhaj Fatema saleem
Yussef Assilini
Supervision:
Dr. Almahdi Atteya Alhwaige
Mr. Jomaa Alnaas

2.  Introduction to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
 Classification of AOPs
 Photocatalytic process
o Background and history
o Photocatalytic reactors
o Photocatalysts
o Advantages and Applications of photocatalytic technology
 Wastewater treatment
o Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants
o Introduction to methylene blue dye
 Motivations
 Objectives of the study
 Methodology
 Theory
Outline 2

3.  Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
are:
 One of the modern wastewater treatment
techniques
 Techniques-based on generation of reactive
oxygen species
 Involve generation of hydroxyl radical
(*OH).
 The first AOP based water
purification/treatment was proposed in
early 1980s.
Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes 3
Very powerful oxidant radical (E0: 2.80V)

4. Classification of Advanced Oxidation Processes 4
Classification
of AOPs
Photocatalysi
s
UV/TiO2
UV/TiO2/H2O2
Fenton
based
Fenton Process
(Fe2+ /H2O2)
PhotoFenton
(Fe2+ / H2O2 / US)
SonoFenton
(Fe2+ / H2O2/US)
Sonolysis
US / H2O
US / H2O2
US / O3
US / UV / TiO2
Ozone based
process
O3 / H2O2
O3 / UV
O3 / UV / H2O2
Electrochemical
oxidation
Anodic oxidation
ElectroFenton
(Fe3+ / H2O2(e-))
PhotoElectrocatalyst
S(UV / TiO2/e-)
PhotoElectroFenton
(UV / Fe3+ / H2O2(e-))
SonoElectroFenton
(US / Fe3+ / H2O2(e-))
Other AOPs
Wet Oxidation
Supercritical water
Oxidation
Electron beam
Irradiation

5. Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes 5
 Background and history
 Photocatalytic was first reported in
……..s
 It considered a “green” and effective
method for the environmental
remediation
 *OH radicals result from the excitation
by UV-visible light of a solid
semiconductor (photocatalyst)
 Classification of photocatalytic reactors
 Conventional photocatalytic reactors
 Micro-channel photocatalytic reactors

6.  Conventional photocatalytic reactors
Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes 6
Continuous reactor
Batch reactor
Slurry reactor Backed bed reactor

7. Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes 7
 Micro-channel photocatalytic reactors
 Modern reactors with small size
 Simple with high efficiency
 Consist of micro-channels
 A type of continuous reactors
 Low energy needed for fluid flow

8. 8
 Photocatalyst is a type of catalyst
that leads to the enhance the rate
of a phothoreactions
 Photocatalyst consists of:
 Semiconducter material
 Carrier
Semiconductors
TiO2
CdS
Fe2O3
ZnS
SnO2
ZnO
 Photocatalyst
Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes

9. 9
Challenge: Development of novel photocatalyst from eco-friendly
materials for water purification is still under investigation
 Photocatalysts
 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most used as semiconductor for
photocatalytic reactions
 Properties of TiO2
• High surface area
• Inexpensive
• Highly photoactive
• High photo-stable
• Non toxic material
• High electro-chemical properties
Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes

10. 10
 The available photocatalyst separation processes
Centrifugal Process
Filtration process
Magnetic photocatalyst
 Separation of the photocatalyst
Introduction to Photocatalytic Processes

11. 11
 Advantages of photocatalytic process
Photocatalytic Process
 Applications of photocatalytic technology
 Simple process with high efficiency
 Low cost
 No secondary environmental pollution (no residual products)
 Clean and available energy source
Chemistry
Synthesis of
Chemicals
Synthesis of
Polymers
Energy
Hydrogen
Production
CO2 Conversion
to Hydrocarbon
fuels
Environmental Pollution
Air Purification
Decomposition of Crude Oils
Degradation of Water
Contaminates

12. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment 12
Organic
pollutants
Solvents/
Hydrocarbons
Crude oil Dyes Chemicals/
fertilizers
Polymers
 Organic materials are major pollutants in wastewater
 Wastewater is a used water from
any combination of domestic,
industrial, commercial or
agricultural activities
Soap

13. Photocatalytic for Wastewater Treatment 13
 Radical reactions
 𝑇𝑖𝑂2 + ℎ𝑣 → ℎ+
+𝑒−
 𝑂2 + 𝑒− → 𝑂2
−
 𝑂2
.−
+ 2𝐻+ → 𝑒− + 𝐻2𝑂2
 𝐻2𝑂2 + 𝐻+
+ 𝑒−
→ 𝑂𝐻∗
+ 𝐻2𝑂
 Mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants

14. Methylene Blue (MB) Dye in Water Pollution 14
 It is a synthetic basic dye, that provide color
when applied to a substrate.
 It is used as a coloring agent for textile, paint,
and paper
Pigments
Paper industries
Photographic industries
Pharmaceutical
Plastics
Paints
 MB dye formula
C16H18ClN3S
 Impacts of MB dye
Crystal
structure
Health Impacts
Environmental
Impacts
 carcinogenic
 mutagenic
 and teratogenic
 Kill the plants
 Change of the water
color
 Introduction to (MB) dye
 Sources of dyes

15. Motivations 15
The importance of fresh water to life Increase the demands for pure water
Increasing the water pollution Available UV light source

16. • To synthesize a novel photocatalysts
• To design a microchannel photocatalytic reactor
• To investigate the efficiency of the obtained
photocatalyst for wastewater treatment
• To study the kinetics of photocatytic oxidation of
MB dye
• To analysis the thermodynamic properties
Objectives of the study 16

17.  First phase: Preparation of the photocatalysts
 Materials
o Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
o Carrier (polymer)
 Preparation of photocatalysts
Various photocatalysts are going to be prepared with different
TiO2 contents
Methodology 17
Mixing
process
Drying
Grinding
Process
Using different
composition
Carrier
TiO2
o Distilled Water
o Magnatic : Iron III oxide (Fe3O4)
Mixing
process
Drying
Grinding
Process
Carbonization
Synthesis procedure of the photocatalysts

18.  Second phase: Photocatalytic oxidation of MB dye
Methodology 18
 Design of Photocatalytic Reactor :
 Evaluation of the parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation of MB dye
 Irradiation time
 TiO2 content
 Catalyst amount
 PH value
 Operating temperature
 Flow rate
Experimental set up
Light source
Pump
Treated water
Wastewater Tank

19. Modeling and kinetics 19
 Modeling of Kinetics
 Langmuir-Hinshelwood ( L - H ) pseudo-first order kinetic model has been
used to describe the kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation of MB dye using the
developed catalyst [references]
 The above equation can be transformed to another expression as follows:
 Activation Energy
 The activation energy (Ea) has been obtained using the following equation:
−𝑟𝐴= −
𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑑𝑡
=
𝑘𝐾𝐶𝐴
1 + 𝐾𝐶𝐴
−𝑟𝐴= −
𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑘𝐾𝐶𝐴
𝐿𝑛
𝐶𝐴𝑜
𝐶𝐴
= 𝑘𝑎𝑡
𝑘 = 𝑘𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝
−𝐸𝑎
𝑅𝑇

20. Kinetic Modeling 20
 Analysis of thermodynamics
 The thermodynamic parameters ( ∆Go, ∆Ho, and ∆So ) of photocatalytic
oxidation of MB dye will be a part of this research. These parameters will be
obtained using the following equations [references]
 The slope and intercept of the plot of ln K versus 1/T are (-∆Hº/R) and ∆Sº/R ,
respectively.
∆𝐺𝑜 = −𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛 𝐾
∆𝐺𝑜 = ∆𝐻𝑜 − 𝑇∆𝑆𝑜
ln 𝑘 =
∆𝑆𝑜
𝑅
+ −
∆𝐻𝑜
𝑅
∗
1
𝑇

21. 21