Pharo Hands-On: 02 syntax
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This document provides an overview of the syntax and core concepts in Pharo. It discusses that Pharo has no constructors, types, interfaces, packages, or parametrized types. The core abstractions are objects like strings, numbers, collections, and blocks. Messages can be unary, binary, or take keywords. Control flow uses conditionals that send messages to booleans. Common loops include timesRepeat:, to:do:, and collect:. Defining methods involves subclassing and specifying instance/class variables.
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So I am writing a CS code for a project and I keep getting \"cannot open file\" I know I put it into
my code, but I don\'t know why it won\'t execute after i input ./a.out I put in gcc -Wall
contents3.c and no errors or warnings pop up. So I figure everything is working right. But after
that, I get \"Cannot open file\". So I am wondering what I can do to get this settled out properly. I
am putting the outcome of the project and my code. Please someone help me!
#include
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#include
#include
#include
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int len = 0;
int sp = 0;
int lwrcaseCount = 0;
int uprcaseCount = 0;
int digitCount = 0;
int specialCount = 0;
char data[200];
int frequency[84];
int sortFrequency[84][2];
char string[] =
\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!\\\"#$%&\'()*+,-
./:;<=>?@[/]^_`{|}~\";
//printf(\"\ \");
//To sort based on frequency of characters
/*void sort()
{
int max, loc, temp, x, y;
//Loops till end - 1 position of the frequency array
for(x = 0; x <= 84 - 1; x++)
{
//Initializes the max to the x position of the frequency array assuming it as maximum
max = frequency[x];
//Initializes of loc to x assuming location x contains the maximum value
loc = x;
//Loops through x + 1 to length - 1 of frequency array
for(y = x + 1; y <= 95 -1; y++)
{
//If current position of the frequency of the array is greater than the max
//then update the max with the current value of frequency and update the loc
if(frequency[y] > max)
{
max = frequency[y];
loc = y;
}//end of if
}//end of for loop
//If loc is not x then swap
if(loc != x)
{
temp = frequency[x];
frequency[x] = frequency[loc];
frequency[loc] = temp;
}//end of if
//Store the location of the maximum value in the zero column position of row x
sortFrequency[x][0]= loc;
//Store the maximum value in the first column position of row x
sortFrequency[x][1] = max;
}//end of for loop
}//end of function*/
void sort()
{
for(int i = 0; i < 84; i++)
{
sortFrequency[i][0] = i;
sortFrequency[i][1] = frequency[i];
}
for(int i = 0; i < 84-1; i++)
for(int j = 0; j < 84-i-1; j++)
if(sortFrequency[j][1] < sortFrequency[j+1][1])
{
int temp = sortFrequency[j][1];
sortFrequency[j][1] = sortFrequency[j+1][1];
sortFrequency[j+1][1] = temp;
temp = sortFrequency[j][0];
sortFrequency[j][0] = sortFrequency[j+1][0];
sortFrequency[j+1][0] = temp;
}
}
//To count frequency of each character
void frequencyCount()
{
int c, d;
//Loops till the length of the inputed data
for(c = 0; c < len; c++)
{
//Loops from 33 to 126 which is the ascii values of required characters range
for(d = 0; d < 84; d++)
{
//If the data in the current position is equal to the acii value
if(data[c] == string[d])
//Frequency 0 position is equal to 33 ascii.
//So 33 is deducted
frequency[d]++;
}//end of for loop
}//end of for loop
}//End of function
//Initializes the frequency array to zero
void initialize()
{
int c;
for(c = 0; c < 84; c++)
frequency[c] = 0;
}
//Read the file which contains data
void readFile()
{
//File pointer created
FILE *fptr;
char ch;
//Fi.
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- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM then interprets the bytecode and may perform just-in-time (JIT) compilation for improved performance. This allows Java programs to run on any platform with a JVM.
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Java Tutorial
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So I am writing a CS code for a project and I keep getting cannot .pdf
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- 1. Pharo: Syntax in a Nutshell S. Ducasse http://www.pharo.org
- 2. No constructors No types declaration No interfaces No packages/private/protected No parametrized types No boxing/unboxing And really powerful Less is More
- 4. A Pure OO World Only objects! mouse, booleans, arrays, numbers, strings, windows, scrollbars, canvas, files, trees, compilers, sound, url, socket, fonts, text, collections, stack, shortcut, streams, …
- 5. 3 kinds of messages Unary messages Binary messages Keywords messages 5 factorial! Transcript cr 3 + 4 2 between: 0 and: 5! ! Transcript show: 'hello world'
- 8. postman send mail recipient
- 9. postman send mail to recipient
- 10. postman send: mail to: recipient
- 11. () > Unary > Binary > Keywords ! 1 class maxVal + 1 (1 class maxVal + 1) class 1 class maxVal raised: 3+ 2
- 12. Typical Expression ZnEasy client url: 'http://bugs.pharo.org/issues/name/', text asString; get; response.
- 13. Some basic objects String: 'a string' Symbole (unique String): #aSymbol Character: $A Array: #(1 2 3) { 1 . 2 . 3} OrderedCollection: OrderedCollection new add: 35; add: 45; yourself Set: Set new add: 1; add: 2; yourself
- 14. yourself? Set new add: 1; add: 2; yourself is equivalent to | s | s := Set new. s add: 1; add: 2. s
- 15. Block: Lambda Expressions [ :x | x + 2 ] value: 5 -> 7 ! anonymous method [ ] :x is the block arguments
- 16. Blocks can be stored | b | b := [ :x | x + 2 ]. b value: 5 -> 7 b value: 33 -> 35
- 17. Conditionals: ifTrue:ifFalse: Booleans are objects Conditional are messages sent to booleans or block ! ! initialAnswer := fullName isEmptyOrNil ifTrue: ['FirstnameLastname' translated] ifFalse: [fullName].
- 18. ifTrue: forceItalicOrOblique self slantValue = 0 ifTrue: [ slantValue := 1 ]
- 19. ifFalse:ifTrue: index = 0 ifFalse: [values at: index] ifTrue: [self privateAt: key put: aBlock value]
- 20. ifEmpty: (myProtocol ifEmpty: ['As yet unclassified’] ! self listItems ifNotEmpty: [ :aList | aList at: currentIndex ]
- 21. Use [ ] when you do not know how many time it is executed. ( x isNil) ifTrue: [ .... ] ( ...) vs. [ ]
- 22. Some loops 4 timesRepeat: [ self doSomething ] 0 to: 100 [ :i | ... ] 0 to: 100 by: 3 [ :i | ... ] aCol do: [:each | ... ]
- 23. Some loops: to:by:do: | sum | 0 to: 100 by: 3 [ :i | sum= sum + i ]
- 24. #(15 10 19 68) do: [:i | Transcript show: i ; cr ]
- 25. #(15 10 19 68) do: [:i | Transcript show: i ; cr ]
- 26. #(2 -3 4 -35 4) collect: [ :each| each abs]
- 27. #(2 -3 4 -35 4) collect: [ :each| each abs] > #(2 3 4 35 4)
- 28. Defining a method (2@3) <= (5@6) ! <= aPoint "Answer whether the receiver is neither below nor to the right of aPoint." ^ x <= aPoint x and: [y <= aPoint y]
- 29. Class definition Object subclass: #Point instanceVariableNames: 'x y' classVariableNames: '' category: 'Graphics-Primitives'
- 30. Conclusion Messages (unary, binary, keywords) Blocks Methods are named blocks