Pharmacology MBBS 2nd year spotters

1. SPOTTERS

2. • Sources of drugs
• Drugs & discovery
• Dosage formulations
• Adverse drug reactions
• Experimental animals and instruments

3. SPOTTERS – SOURCES OF DRUGS

4. 1.
1.Identify the drug source and the drug obtained
from the above source.
2.Mention two medicinal uses of the drug.

5. • 1.The drug source is cinchona bark. The drug
obtained from the source is Quinine.
• 2.It is used in the management of malaria,
myotonia congenita and cramps

6. 1.Identify the drug source and the drug
obtained from the above source.
2. Mention two medicinal uses of the drug
2

7. 1. The drug source is vinca rosea(plant). The
drugs obtained are Vincristine and
Vinblastine.
2. Uses:
Anti neoplastic agent, hypotensive and
diabetic.
2

8. Qn .3.
1.Identify the drug source and the drug obtained from
the above source.
2.Mention the medicinal uses of the drug.

9. Ans.3.
1. The drug source is Cannabis. The drug
obtained from this source is Delta tetra hydro
cannabinol
2.Nausea and vomiting associated with cancer
chemotherapy, anorexia, cachexia in HIV/AIDS

10. Qn 4.
1. Identify the drug source and the drug
obtained from the above source.
2. Mention two medicinal uses of the drug

11. Ans.4.
1. The drug source is Foxglove(digitalis). The
drugs obtained from the above source are
Cardiac glycosides like digoxin, digitoxin etc.
2.uses:
Treatment of Congestive heart failure.

12. Qn 5:
1. Identify the drug source and the active
principles in it ?
2. What are the medicinal uses of this
plant?

13. Ans 5:
1. The drug source is papaver
somiferum(poppy).
The active principles in it are
Morphine, Codeine and Thebaine.
2. It is used as analgesic, pre- anaesthetic
medication and also it is used in the treatment
of diarrhoea and cough.

14. Qn 6:
1. Identify this plant and the active principles?
2. What is the antidote used in the management of
poisoning with these seeds?

15. Ans 6:
1. Plant – The fruits and seeds are found to be
DATURA STRAMONIUM.
Active principles :
Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine, Atropine.
2.
Physostigmine is the specific antidote for datura
poisoning

16. Qn 7:
1. Identify this plant and the active principles in it?
2. Mention its medicinal uses.

17. Ans 7:
1. Plant is : ALOE VERA.
Active principles : Anthraquinone glycosides,
Saponins, Vitamins A,C,E.
2. Uses:
a) Enhancing skin growth.
b) Effective pain killer.
c) Antiseptic.
d) Treatment of skin blemishes and acne.

18. SPOTTERS
DRUGS & DISCOVERY

19. QUES 1:
1)Identify these two scientists
2)What is their contribution in therapeutics?

20. ANS 1:
1) BANTING&BEST
2) Discovery of insulin

21. .Ques 2:
1) Name the scientist in the figure.
2) Mention his contribution .

22. ANS 2):
1) Paul Ehrlich
2) coined the term chemotherapy and
developed antiserum to combat diphtheria

23. Ques 3:
1) Name the scientist in the figure
2) Mention his contribution

24. Ans 3:
1) Yellapragada subarao (Indian Biochemist)
2) He discovered the function of ATP and
developed methotrexate for the treatment of
cancer

25. Ques 4:
1) Name the scientist in the
figure
2) Mention his contribution

26. Ans 4:
1) Jay Mclean
2) He discovered heparin.

27. SPOTTERS - DOSAGE
FORMULATIONS

28. Qn 1:
1. Identify the given dosage form.
2.Name 2 drugs used in this dosage form.

29. Ans 1:
1. The given dosage form is metered dose
inhaler.
2. salbutamol, ipratropium bromide

30. Qn 2.
1.Identify the given dosage form.
2. Write one advantage of this formulation.

31. Ans.2.
1.The given dosage form is a solid dosage form-
Capsule.
2. Advantage:
The gelatin shell quickly dissolves in GIT fluid to
release the drug for absorption into circulation

32. Qn 3:
1. Identify the dosage
forms ?
2. What is the
difference between a
syrup and a
suspension ?

33. Ans 3:
1.The given dosage form is a liquid dosage form-
Syrup and suspension
2. Syrups contain drug(s) in concentrated
solution of sugar plus flavouring agents
Suspensions are dispersion of
insoluble drugs in water with the help of a
suspending agent

34. Qn 4:
1. Identify the two drug containers ?
2. State the difference between the
two ?

35. Ans 4:
1. Ampoule and vial
2. Ampoules are broken just before injection
usually contain a single dose
Vials may be single or multi dose. Drugs
which are unstable in solutions are supplied
as dry powder vials.

36. Qn 5:
1. What is the name of
the coating on the
tablets?
2. What is its
significance ?

37. Ans 5:
1) Enteric coating
2) Enteric coating is resistant to gastric acid but
dissolves at intestinal alkaline pH. So the
incidence of gastric irritation is reduced.

38. SPOTTERS –ADVERSE DRUG
REACTION(ADR)

39. Qn 1.FIXED DRUG ERUPTION
1. Identify the Adverse drug reaction ?
2. State two drugs which can cause the ADR?

40. Ans 1:
1. Fixed drug eruption
2. Fluconazole, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline,
Clarithromycin, NSAIDs, Trimethoprime,
Phenytoin, Cotrimoxazole

41. Qn 2:
1. Identify the Adverse drug reaction ?
2. Mention two drugs which can cause the ADR?

42. Ans 2:
1. The adverse effect is Gum Hypertrophy.
2. The drugs producing it are Phenytoin,
Nifedipine

43. Qn 3:
1.Identify the adverse
drug reaction.
2. Name 2 drugs causing
it.

44. Ans 3:
1. The drug reaction is Steven-Johnson
Syndrome.
2. The drugs causing it are Penicillins,
Sulfonamides.

45. Qn 4:
1. Identify this anomaly.
2. Name 2 drugs causing it.

46. Ans 4:
1. The anomaly is neural tube defect.
2. The drugs causing it are
Methotrexate, Sodium valproate.

47. Qn 5:
1. Identify the anomaly.
2. Name the drug producing it.

48. Ans 5:
1. The anomaly is Phocomelia.
2. The drug causing Phocomelia is Thalidomide.

50. Ques 1:
1) Identify the experimental animal.
2) Mention 2 experiments where this animal is
used.

51. ANS 1:
1) GUINEA PIG.
2) This animal used in
i) Evaluation of bronchodilatory action of
drugs
ii) Immunological studies

52. Ques 2:
1) Identify the experimental animal.
2) Mention 2 experiments where this
animal is used.

53. Ans 2:
1) MICE
2) This animal is used in
i. Assay of insulin and analgesics
ii. Testing of drugs for teratogenicity
iii. Acute toxicity studies

54. Ques 3:
1) Identify the experimental animal.
2) Mention 2 experiments where this
animal is used.

55. Ans 3:
1) RABBIT
2) This animal is used in
i. Experimentation of topical agents on eye
ii. Pyrogen testing in intravenous fluids
iii. Study of agents affecting capillary
permeability

56. Qn 4:
a) Identify the instrument.
b) Mention few uses of this instrument.

57. ANS 4:
1)INSTRUMENT- ORGAN BATH
2)USES: Record and measure in vitro tissue
response to various drugs

58. Qn 5:
a) Identify the instrument.
b) Mention few uses of this instrument.

59. ANS 5:
1) INSTRUMENT: ACTOPHOTOMETER
2) USES:
To evaluate the locomotor activity of mice

60. Qn 6:
a) Identify the instrument.
b) Mention few uses of this instrument.

61. Ans 6:
a) ROTA ROD
b) USE:
To evaluate the effect of drugs on motor
coordination in rodents.