Rad 104 hospital practice and care of patients 3 drugs & contrast 2016

1. Hospital Practice
&
Care of Patient
RAD 104
Drugs in Radiology
department

2. Drugs in the Radiology Department
original simple medicinal substance.
What is a Drug?:
drug vs medicine

3. Drugs in the Radiology Department
What is a Drug?:
original simple medicinal substance.

4. Drugs in the Radiology Department
drug categories of in the Radiology :
1. Preparation drugs.
2. Contrast media.
3. Resuscitation drugs.
Nomenclature:
Method of classification

5. Drugs in the Radiology Department
Forms

6. Drugs in the Radiology Department
Forms
• Tablet
• Capsule
• Inhalation
• Suppository
• Solution
• Suspension
• Transdermal patch

7. Routes of Administration
• Oral / Sublingual
• Inhalation
• Transdermal (Patch / Topical
Cream / Ointment)
• Parenteral (injection)
• Intramuscular
• Subcutaneous
• Intravenous
•Rectal

8. 1.Checking the medication
( date, name, strength, time, route, duration & refills) or
(Right Drug/ Amount /Patient / time / rout)
1.Preparing the medication.
2.Checking the patient identification.
3.Reassuring the patient.
4.Assisting the Radiologist with administration.
5.Monitoring patient's progress post administration.
Role of the Radiographer in drug
administration:-

9. It is important to remember that
the Radiologist will
•Select the drug & Dosage
•Determine the route of administration

10. Poisons and Dangerous Drugs
Poisons Drugs:
All drugs are considered poisonous if not
indicated or the dose is higher than
needed
Dangerous Drugs
Drugs controlled by “Dangerous Drugs Act
“DDA". They cause addiction or habit
forming. Such as:
Morphine, Pethidine, Opium, Heroin
They are kept locked in a DDA box and the key
is kept with the person in-charge of that area

11. Preparation Drugs
used to prepare patients before radiographic examination
Aperients and Suppositories:
• a. Castrol oil
• b. Dulcolax, Bisacdoyl
• d. Liquid paraffin
• e. Magnesium sulphate.
Sedative:
• a. Pethidine.
• b. Morphine
• c. Scopolamine
• d. Omnopon.
Local Anesthetics
a. Lignocaine 2% and 1%
b. Xylocaine 2% gel.
c. Sodium pentothal.
d. Lignocaine hyd. 4% spray.
e. Amethocaine 1%
Analgesics:
a. Panadole b.profen
c. Aspirin.
Skin Cleansing lotions:
a. Surgical spirit.
b. Savlon
c. Hibitane .05%

12. • Radiolucent (negative)
–low (Z) - Allows XR photons to pass
• Radiopaque (positive)
– positive - High (Z) - Absorbs XR photons
Contrast Media in Radiology
Purpose :
To Visualize anatomic detail
Read the history,

13. Contrast Media in Radiology
Positive Vs Negative
– Barium
– Iodine
– Gadolinium
– Air
– Oxygen
– Carbon Dioxide
– Nitrous Oxide

14. Positive Contrast Media
Based on these materials with high
atomic number
• Barium z56
• Iodine z53
• Gadolinium z64

15. Atomic number of Air
Air is mostly Nitrogen & Oxygen
78% is Nitrogen (atomic number Z 7)
21% Oxygen (atomic number Z 8)
There are trace of Argon and Carbon Dioxide, Methane and
Water vapor (humidity)
The effective Z of air is 7.372754 ( dependent on
temperature and humidity)
Negative Contrast Media

16. An example

17. Positive Contrast Media

18. Negative Contrast Media

19. positive Vs Negative

20. Double Contrast Media

29. 29
MRI with contrast
Without With

32. Mild Moderate
Severe
Reaction to drugs ( contrast Media)

33. Resuscitation Drugs
(Anti-reactional drugs):
1. Adrenaline: Raises the blood pressure and increase cardiac output.
2. Benadryl: Stimulates and restore.
3. Aminophylline stimulates the vascular tissue of the heart.
4. Calcium chloride Restores the heart tone and has an enhanced effect
when used in conjunction with adrenaline.
5. Corticosteroids: Reduces allergic reactions.
6. Nikethamide : A respiratory stimulant.
7. Methedrine: 8. Indra: Decreases cardiac excitability
9. Lignocaine 2%
10. Phenergan and antihistamines Reduces allergic reactions in the
body
11. Sparine
12. Pentothal : An intravenous anesthetic.
Some of the drugs used to Resuscitate a person who has
his vital signs compromised or has developed a reaction to
another drug or contrast media drugs):

34. Storage of drugs
1. All the drugs must be kept in separate cupboards
according to their usage.
2. Drugs given orally and injections must not be mixed up
with cleansing lotions.
3. The drugs labels must be clear and readable.
4. The store-room should be well lit.
5. The temperature of the store-room should be
refrigerated temperature.

35. 6. All the contrast media must be kept in a separate
cupboard and in a separate container according to their
name and percentage.
7. Cupboard should be marked with "Contrast Media".
8. Anti-reaction drugs should be kept; also in separate
cupboard and in a separate containers according to their
names.
9. All the drugs must be kept under lock and key must be
kept with senior radiographer.
Storage of drugs