Pakistan has a large dairy industry as the country has 180 million people and 47% of rural households own livestock. It is one of the largest milk producers globally but faces issues with quality control and waste due to uneducated raw material suppliers and lack of refrigeration. While UHT milk faces no taxes, helping industry growth, the government has been unable to enforce regulations and support the industry through initiatives like tax rebates and reducing duties on packaging machinery. Barriers like the high costs of pasteurization technology and lack of transportation infrastructure and government support limit the dairy industry from reaching its full potential.