This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 10 of the textbook "Psychology: A Journey" regarding personality theories. It defines personality as stable behavior patterns that make up a person's identity. It describes several approaches to understanding personality, including trait theories, psychodynamic theories, behaviorist theories, social learning theories, and humanistic theories. It provides overviews of several major theorists' concepts, such as Freud's psychodynamic theory including the id, ego, and superego, and humanistic psychologists like Maslow who focused on self-actualization. It also summarizes the "Big Five" model of personality traits.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
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It covers a lot of aspects of psychology like what is learning, definition of learning classical conditioning, operant conditioning, Ivon Pavlov experiment on dogs and a lot of other aspects.
Introduction to advanced social psychology & historical manifestationsRABIA SHABBIR
one of the most generalised field of psychology with its applications in relatively every domain of life is Social Psychology. The respective upload has shed light on the historical manifestations that modified social psychology to advanced modern social psychology.
Attention - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 8.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
The term "cognition" refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations. The presentation discusses various cognitive processes; such as, cognition,concept,language,learning,memory,perception,sensory registration,thinking, etc.
It covers a lot of aspects of psychology like what is learning, definition of learning classical conditioning, operant conditioning, Ivon Pavlov experiment on dogs and a lot of other aspects.
Introduction to advanced social psychology & historical manifestationsRABIA SHABBIR
one of the most generalised field of psychology with its applications in relatively every domain of life is Social Psychology. The respective upload has shed light on the historical manifestations that modified social psychology to advanced modern social psychology.
Attention - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 8.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
The term "cognition" refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations. The presentation discusses various cognitive processes; such as, cognition,concept,language,learning,memory,perception,sensory registration,thinking, etc.
Organisational Behaviour
Lecture session 6.1
Personality
Lecture session 6.2
Big 5 Test - OCEAN Model - Activity
Presented by : Mr. Dheeraj Rongala
Contact email : [email protected]
Topics covered in Week 6
Organisational Behaviour
Lecture session 6.3
Organisational ethics
Lecture session 6.4
Queries and clarifications
Presented by : Mr. Dheeraj Rongala
Contact email : [email protected]
Topics covered in Week 6
Learning objectives
By the end of the session, learners will be able to know about:
Personality and its associated theories.
Big 5 Personality traits.
Characteristics of groups and teams.
Tuckman's theory of groups and.
Belbin's team roles.
Personality
Personality
What is Personality?
The relatively enduring combination of traits which make an individual unique and at the same time produce consistencies in his or her thought and behaviour”. Fincham & Rhodes(2005, p95).
The observable manifestation of social identity which a person develops and constructs through negotiation and interaction with others”. Thompson & McHugh (2009, p287).
Personality
What is Personality?
Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual.
Personality commonly refers to:
Personality psychology, the theory and study of individual differences, traits, and types.
Personality trait theory, attributes by which people may vary in relative terms.
Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life.
Fundamental characteristics of Personality
Consistency - There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations.
Psychological and physiological - Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.
It impacts behaviors and actions - Personality does not just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also causes us to act in certain ways.
Multiple expressions - Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in our thoughts, feelings, close relationships and other social interactions.
Types of Personality theories
There are a number of different theories about how personality develops. Different schools of thought in psychology influence many of these theories.
Some of these major perspectives on personality include:
Type theories are the early perspectives on personality. These theories suggested that there are a limited number of "personality types" which are related to biological influences.
Trait theories viewed personality as the result of internal characteristics that are genetically based.
Humanist theories emphasize the importance of free will and individual experience in the de.
Unit 04 personality in educational psychologyDARSGHAH
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Smoking Kills Power point presentationHafizMImran1
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Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Defining Some Terms
• Personality: A person’s unique and relatively stable
behavior patterns; the consistency of who you are, have
been, and will become.
• Character: Personal characteristics that have been
judged or evaluate
• Temperament: Hereditary aspects of personality,
including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability
• Personality Trait: Stable qualities that a person shows
in most situations
• Personality Type: People who have several traits in
common
3. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Personality and character
Personality
• A person’s unique and
relatively stable behavior
patterns; the consistency
of who you are, have
been, and will become.
• Personal and physical.
• It is a identity.
• May change over time.
character
• Personal characteristics
that have been judged or
evaluate.
• Mental and moral.
• It is a learned behavior.
• Remain same.
4. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Personality Theories: An Overview
• Personality Theory: System of concepts, assumptions,
ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality;
includes five perspectives:
– Trait Theories: Attempt to learn what traits make up personality
and how they relate to actual behavior
– Psychodynamic Theories: Focus on the inner workings of
personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles
– Behavioristic Theories: Focus on external environment and on
effects of conditioning and learning
– Social Learning Theories: Attribute differences in perspectives
to socialization, expectations, and mental processes
– Humanistic Theories: Focus on private, subjective experience
and personal growth
5. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Trait theory:
• Trait theorists aim to describe personality
with a small number of traits or factors
• Personality trait—stable quality a person
shows across most situations
6. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Introvert and Extrovert
Introvert
• Shy, self-centered person
whose attention is
focused inward
• Spend more time with
themselves.
• Do not accept change
easily.
• Deeply concentrate for
long period.
Extrovert
• Bold, outgoing person
whose attention is
directed outward
• Spend more time with
family and friend.
• Accept change easily.
• Get distracted easily.
7. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Raymond Cattell and Traits
• Surface Traits: Features that make up the visible areas
of personality.
• Surface trait should group together under large source
trait.
• Source Traits: Underlying traits of a personality; each
reflected in a number of surface traits.
• Less visible than surface trait but are more important in
accounting for behavior.
• Cattell created 16PF, personality test
– Gives a “picture” of an individual’s personality
9. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
the “Big Five” Personality Factors
(McCrae & Costa, 2001)
• Openness to Experience
• Conscientious
• Extroversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
10. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10Figure 10.4
FIGURE 10.4 The Big Five. According to the five-factor model, basic differences in personality
can be “boiled down” to the dimensions shown here. The five-factor model answers these
essential questions about a person: Is she or he extroverted or introverted? Agreeable or difficult?
Conscientious or irresponsible? Emotionally stable or unstable? Smart or unintelligent? These
questions cover a large measure of what we might want to know about someone’s personality.
11. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Psychoanalytic Theory and Sigmund Freud, M.D.
• Freud was a Viennese physician who thought his
patients’ problems were more emotional than physical.
• Freud began his work by using hypnosis and eventually
switched to psychoanalysis.
12. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Psychodynamic theories
Sigmund Freud – psychoanalysis
Explains behavior and personality in terms of
unconscious dynamics within the individual
• Emphasizes internal conflicts, attachments, and
motivations
• Adult personalities are formed by experiences in
early childhood
chapter 2
13. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10Figure 10.6
FIGURE 10.6 The approximate relationship between the id, ego, and superego, and the levels
of awareness.
14. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Freud’s Psychoanalysis:
The structure of personality
1. Id
- Unconscious
2. Ego
- unconscious, preconscious,
conscious
3. Superego
- unconscious, preconscious,
conscious
chapter 2
15. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Freud’s Psychoanalysis:
The ID
Operates according to the
pleasure principle
–Present from birth
–Primitive
• basic needs and wants
–2 competing instincts:
• Life (sexual) - libido
• Death (aggressive)
–Unconscious
chapter 2
16. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Freud’s Psychoanalysis:
The Ego
Operates according to the reality
principle
– Arises in first 3 years of life
–Mediates between ID and Superego
–Rational part of mind
• you can’t always get what you
want
– Floats between all 3 levels of
consciousness
chapter 2
17. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Freud’s Psychoanalysis:
The Superego
Moral Conscience
– Develops around age 5
• At end of Phallic Stage
–Stores and enforces rules
• Inner voice that tells you not to
do something or that what you
did was wrong
–2 subsystems:
• Ego Ideal = parents
approve/value
• Conscience = parents disapproval
chapter 2
18. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Table 13.1
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
19. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10Figure 10.1
FIGURE 10.1 Personality types are defined by the presence of several specific traits. For
example, several possible personality traits are shown in the left column. A person who has a
Type A personality typically possesses all or most of the highlighted traits. Type A persons are
especially prone to heart disease (see Chapter 11).
20. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Figure 13.5
Freud believed that psychoanalysis could bring parts of the unconscious
into the conscious mind, where the client could deal with them.
21. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Humanistic Approaches
to Personality
Humanistic psychology
An approach that emphasizes personal growth, resilience,
and the achievement of human potential
Humanist psychologists:
1. Abraham Maslow
2. Carl Rogers
3. Rollo May
chapter 2
22. Psychology: A Journey, Second Edition, Dennis Coon
Chapter 10
Humanistic Psychology:
Abraham Maslow
Personality development is a gradual
progression to self-actualization
chapter 2