This document discusses several theories of personality, including: - Gordon Allport's definition of personality as one's psychological adjustment to their environment. - The influence of heredity on personality traits shown by twin studies. - Carl Jung and Myers-Briggs' theory of personality types based on preferences for extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. - The Big Five model of personality dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. - Examples are given of CEOs' personalities relating to their career success based on these theories.

1. “the dynamic organization within the individual
of those psychophysical system that determine
his unique adjustment to his environment”.-
Gordon Allport.
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2. Heredity
Such as : physical stature, facial features, skin
and hair color, temperament, energy levels.
The biological, physiological or psychological
characteristics.
Twin studies : raised apart but very similar
personalities.
There is some personality change over long
time periods.
example
example

3. TYPE OF BODY
SHAPE
APPEARANCE
PERSONALITY
CHARECTERISTICS
Endomorph Round and soft
Sociable, friendly.
Mesomorph Strong muscles
Assertive, aggressive,
adventurous.
Ectomorph Skinny and tall
Introvert, shy, does not
like physical activity.

4.  Dr. Nancy Segal, co-director of the university of
Minnesota research project, is shown here with twins
separated at birth, reared in different family
environment, and reunited after 31 years. Segal and her
team of researches discovered that the sets of twins
they studied shared more personality characters than
did sibling brought up in the same family.

5. FAMILY
 The family influence personality
formation such as family size, birth order,
race, religion, parent’s education level.
GROUP MEMBERSHIP
 personality may result from the influence
of membership in different groups, past
and present.
example

7.  Carl Jung and Myers & Briggs theory’s.
 To measure these as well as a fourth
dimension relating to how people
orient themselves to the outer world.
 Most widely used personality test in
work setting. Such as Apple Computer,
AT&T, Citigroup, GE, 3M Co..

8. MBTI
FOCUS
INFORMATIONDEAL WITH
WORLD.
DECISION

9. EXTRAVERSION INTRAVERT
• Outgoing
• Sociable
• assertive
• Quiet
• shy

10. SENSING
 Orderly/routine
 practically
• Unconscious
process
• Look at the “big
picture”
INTUITION

11. THINKING
• Logic
• Reason
• objectively
• Personal values
• Emotions
FEELING

12. JUDGING
• Structured.
• Prefer order.
• Flexible.
• Spontaneously.
PERCEIVING

14.  These classifications are then
combined into 16 personality types :-
INTJ – visionaries(Thomas Jefferson)
ESTJ – organizers(George W. Bush)
ENTP – conceptualizer(Robin William)
 MBTI- improve self-awareness for
career development, but it should not
be used in selecting job applicant.

16. conscientiousn
ess
• Unreliable
• Disorganized
• Responsible
• Organized
• persistent
• Enhanced
leadership
• Greater longevity
agreeableness • Cold
• Disagreeable
• antagonistic
• Warm
• Trusting
• cooperative
• higher performce
• Lower level of
deviant behavior
DIMENSION LOW HIGH AFFECT
extroversion • Reserved
• Timid
• quiet
• Sociable
• Assertive
• gregarious
• Higher performce
• Higher job
• Job satisfaction
Emotional
stability
• Nervous
• Anxious
• depressed
• Calm
• Self-
confident
• Higher job
• Life satisfaction
• Lower stress level
Openness to
experience
• Conventional • Creative
• Curious
• Training
performance
• leadership

17.  PepsiCo chief
executive officer Indra
Nooyi scores high on
all personality
dimension of the big
five model.
 These personality
traits have
contributed to Nooyi’s
high job performance
and career success.
 Nooyi join PepsiCo in
1994 as senior vice
president of strategy
and development and
was promoted to
president and chief
financial officer
before moving into
the firm’s top
management
position.

18.  General Electric CEO Jeffery Immelt scores high on the
extraversion dimension of the big five model.
 Described as gregarious and adept at building
relationship, Immelt spent 20 years at GE in sales and
managerial positions, jobs that involve high social
interaction, before moving into GE’s top management
position.
 As CEO, Immelt travels throughout the world meeting
with costumer, employees, suppliers, and investors.

19.  Berita harian online, 6 December 2014.
 Steven L. McShane & Mary Ann Von Glinow,
organizational Behavior : emerging realities for the
Workplace revolution.
 Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge,
organizational behavior fourteenth edition.