Personal care involves hygiene practices like bathing and grooming to maintain cleanliness and health. The document discusses care of various body parts including skin, hair, eyes, nails, and ears. It describes the main layers and functions of skin, hair, and eyes. It provides tips for care such as moisturizing skin, gently brushing hair, avoiding eyestrain, filing nails smoothly, and cleaning ears without inserting objects. The goal is to keep these body parts clean, protected, and functioning well through proper long-term care practices.

1. PERSONAL CARE –refers to the support to
personal and private HYGIENE and toileting ,
along with dressing and maintaining your
personal appearance .
HYGIENE –refers to conditions or practices
conducive to maintaining health and
preventing disease , especially through
cleanliness .
CLEANLINESS –is both the abstract state of
being clean and free from germs , dirt , trash ,
or waste and the habit of achieving and
maintaining that state .

2. PERSONAL CARE OF OUR SKIN
SKIN- is the body’s largest organ .It covers the entire body .It
serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury , and
infection.
MAIN LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Epidermis –the layer just below the skin’s surface that
continually produces new cells .
These cells are nourished by the blood vessels that run through
the skin .As cells are produced here , older cells are pushed to the
surface .Since there are no blood vessels at the surface , the cells
are deprived of nourishment and die.
Dermis- it contains muscle fibers , blood vessels, and nerves .The
blood vessels bring nutrients to the skin , and carry away waste
products .The nerves in the dermis help you sense your
environment .They transmit messages of pain that warn you of
possible danger of injury.

3. SKIN CARE
 A balanced diet , regular exercise , and sleep are essential
for healthy skin.
 Limit bath time. Hot water and long showers or baths
remove oils from your skin .
 Avoid strong soaps. Strong soaps and detergents can strip
oil from your skin .
 Shave carefully. To protect and lubricate your skin , apply
shaving cream , lotion or gel before shaving.
 Pat dry.
 Moisturize dry skin.
 NOTE :Clean your face no more than twice a day , or just
once , if you have dry skin and don’t wear makeup .Avoid
washing for that squeaky-clean.

4. HAIR-is a protein filament that grows from follicles
found in the dermis .Hair is one of the defining
characteristics of mammals .
The human body , apart from areas of glabrous skin, is
covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and
fine vellus hair.
VELLUS HAIR –is fine , wispy hair that covers most of
the body . It develops in childhood and remains on much
of the body adulthood .During puberty , some vellus hair
changes to thicker hair called TERMINAL HAIR.
HAIR helps to insulate your body from cold and heat.

5. HAIR CARE
 Frequent , gentle brushing helps to remove dirt and
makes your hair shine.
 Shampooing washes away build-up oil.Wash your hair
regularly ensures that your scalp and hair is free of dirt
and excess oil.
 Use chemical free shampoos.
 Condition correctly.
 Dry your hair naturally.
 Oil your hair properly
 Use a wide-toothed comb.
 Style your hair naturally
 Trim your hair regularly.

6.  EYES- human eye specialized sense organ capable of
receiving visual images , which are then carried to the
brain.
 THREE LAYERS OF THE EYES
 SCLERA- outside layer which is muscles attached to it
allow the eye to move within its socket.
 OPTIC NERVE- the nerve that transmit visual
information to the brain .
 CONJUCTIVA- covers the front part of the sclera and
the inside of the eyelid.
 RETINA- light-sending part of the eye.

7.  EYE CARE
 Avoid eyestrain
 Be sure to have adequate light when reading
 Know your family medical history . Regular eye
examination
 Use protective glasses or goggles
 Eat a healthy , balanced diet.
 Maintain a healthy weight . Get regular exercise.
 Avoid smoking.
 Know your risk factors.

8.  NAILS – is a claw-like keratinous plate at the tip of
the fingers and toes in most primates.
Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective
protein called alpha-keratin which is a polymer and
found in the hooves , hair , claws and horns of
vertebrates
FINGERNAILS AND TOENAILS ,like your hair , are
outgrowths of the skin and protect the sensitive upper
surfaces of the tips of your fingers and toes.
If your hands are in water frequently , your nails will
become brittle.
White spots on nails are the result of minor injuries.

9.  NAIL CARE
 Brush regularly.
 Clip or file so edges are smooth.
 Keep fingernails dry and clean . This prevents bacteria from
growing under your fingernails.
 Practice good nail hygiene . Use a sharp scissors or clippers.
 Use moisturizers.
 Apply a protective layer.
 Ask your doctor about biotin .
YOUR NAILS ARE MADE OF KERATIN
KERATIN is a type of protein that forms the cells that make up
the tissue in nails and other parts of the body.
KERATIN plays important role in nail health . It protects nails
from damage by making them strong and resilient.

10. HUMAN EAR – organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and
analyzes sound by transduction ( conversion of sound waves into
electrochemical impulses ) and maintains the sense of balance .
PARTS OF THE EARS
OUTER EAR – includes auricles , ear canal and eardrums
MIDDLE EAR – contains three small bones – hammer , anvil and
stirrup
INNER EAR – structures in the inner ear help you maintain
your balance
VESTIBULE - sits between and connects the cochlea and
semicircular canals and helps to maintain equilibrium.

11.  EAR CARE
 Wet , wash cloth to clean your outer ear .
 Never insert a cotton-tipped swab into your ear
canal to clean it.
 Wear earplugs around loud noises.
 Turn the volume down
 Give your ears time to recover.
 Take medications only as directed.
 Keep your ear dry.
 Manage stress levels.