This document discusses personal privacy and computer technologies. It begins by defining privacy as the protection of an individual's personal information and their rights regarding how organizations collect, use, retain, disclose, and dispose of personal information. It notes that privacy is important for maintaining individual autonomy and enabling trust in economic transactions. New computer technologies like databases, surveillance tools, and data analysis pose new risks to privacy through invisible information gathering, secondary data use, data mining, and computer profiling. The document outlines principles for responsible data collection and use. It also discusses privacy legislation and the UK's Data Protection Act, which establishes eight principles governing fair and lawful use of personal information.

1. Personal Privacy &
Computer Technologies
Chapter #6
Submitted by: Raeesa
Sidra
Ayesha
Slides prepared by Cyndi Chie and Sarah
Frye

2. Content
 What is privacy
 Valuing Privacy
 Privacy and Computer Technology
 Privacy legislation
 Data Protection
 Data Protection Act 1998.

3. What is Privacy?
 Privacy is the protection of an individual’s personal
information.
 Privacy is the rights & obligations of individuals and
organizations with respect to collection, use, retention,
disclosure and disposal of personal information.

4. Valuing Privacy
 Privacy prevent others from obtaining personal, sensitive
information that could be used to acquire power over us.
 The first is that privacy helps individuals maintain their
autonomy and individuality.

5. Valuing Privacy(cont.)
 Privacy also matters because our economy depends on it.
Imagine going to a bank for a loan, to a lawyer to draw
up a will, to a financial planner, to a property
management company to rent an apartment, or to the
internet to purchase a book online without any
guarantees that the information you provided would be
respected and kept confidential.

6. Privacy and Computer
Technology
Key Aspects of Privacy:
 Freedom from intrusion (being left alone)
 Control of information about oneself
 Freedom from surveillance (being tracked, followed,
watched)

7. Privacy and Computer
Technology (cont.)
New Technology, New Risks:
 Government and private databases
 Sophisticated tools for surveillance and data analysis
 Vulnerability of data

8. Privacy and Computer
Technology (cont.)
Terminology:
 Invisible information gathering - collection of personal
information about someone without the person’s
knowledge
 Secondary use - use of personal information for a
purpose other than the one it was provided for

9. Privacy and Computer
Technology (cont.)
Terminology (cont.):
 Data mining - searching and analyzing masses of data to
find patterns and develop new information or knowledge
 Computer matching - combining and comparing
information from different databases (using social
security number, for example, to match records)

10. Privacy and Computer
Technology (cont.)
Terminology (cont.):
 Computer profiling - analyzing data in computer files to
determine characteristics of people most likely to engage
in certain behavior

11. Privacy and Computer
Technology (cont.)
Principles for Data Collection and Use:
 Informed consent
 Opt-in and opt-out policies
 Fair Information Principles (or Practices)
 Data retention

12. Privacy legislation
 Privacy legislation explains:
 1. how organization and public bodies are allowed to use
collect and disclose the information about a person
 How you can request to access and update it
 To whom you can expose it etc.

13. The eight Data Protection
Principles
 Data protection principles designed to protect personal
data stored on computers or in an organized paper filing
system.
 The Data Protection Act sets out eight principles
governing the use of personal information which we
must comply with, unless an exemption applies.

14. Data protection Act
principles
 First Principle Personal data shall be processed fairly
and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed
unless:
 at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and
 in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the
conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.

15. Data Protection Act
Principle (cont.)
 Second Principle personal data shall be obtained only for
one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not
be further processed in any manner incompatible with
that purpose or those purposes.
 Third Principle Personal data shall be adequate, relevant
and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes
for which they are processed.

16. Data Protection Act
Principle (cont.)
 ForthPrinciple Personal data shall be accurate and,
where necessary, kept up to date.
 Fiftht Principle Personal data processed for any purpose
or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary
for that purpose or those purposes.
 Sixth Principle About the rights of individuals e.g.[
personal data shall be processed in accordance with the
rights of data subjects (individuals).

17. Data Protection Act
Principle (cont.)
 Seventh Principle Appropriate technical and
organizational measures shall be taken against
unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data
and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage
to, personal data.
 Eighth Principle Personal data shall not be transferred to
a country or territory outside the European economic
Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate
level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data
subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.

18. Thank You