Persian wars
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The document summarizes the Persian Wars between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire from 499 BCE to 449 BCE. It describes how the Persians, led by kings like Cyrus and Darius, attempted to conquer the Greek poleis but were defeated at key battles like Marathon and Thermopylae. The Greeks were ultimately victorious, securing their independence and allowing Athens to rise as the dominant power in the region.
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The document provides background information on the Persian Empire and the religious traditions of Persia, including Zoroastrianism. It then describes how the Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian rule, leading Athens to send aid and anger Persia. This caused tensions that led to the two Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE, with important battles at Marathon, Thermopylae, and Plataea. The wars concluded with an Athenian victory that left Athens as the powerful leader of the Delian League.
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The document summarizes the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC. It describes how Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia Minor and crushed a revolt in 499 BC, leading Athens to send troops in support. This started the wars. Key battles included Marathon, where Athens defeated the Persians despite being outnumbered; Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans held the pass against the Persians for two days; Salamis, where the Athenians trapped the Persian navy; and Plataea, which ended with a Greek victory and the Persians' final retreat. The Greeks were ultimately successful due to their defensive position, superior soldiers, and use of surprise tactics.
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The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states that resulted in a Greek victory. There were several key battles: at Marathon in 490 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in a land battle; at Thermopylae and Artemisium in 480 BC the Greeks held off the massive Persian invasion force for several days; in 480 BC the Greeks destroyed much of the Persian navy in a decisive victory at Salamis; and finally in 479 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in land battles at Plataea and Mycale, ending the Persian threat to Greece.
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1) Alexander the Great conquered most of the known world by the age of 33 after being tutored by Aristotle and taking advantage of the weakened Greek city-states.
2) He defeated Darius III and the Persian Empire in a series of decisive battles between 334-331 BC, capturing the Persian capital of Persepolis.
3) Though his troops grew weary after 11 years of warfare, Alexander had created the largest empire in the ancient world before his death in 323 BC, spreading Greek culture and a common language across three continents.
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The Greeks engaged the larger Persian navy at the Battle of Artemisium in 480 BCE to stall the Persian invasion by sea while Leonidas fought at Thermopylae by land. Over three days of naval battles, the Greeks were numerically outmatched but used maneuverability to their advantage. Though they suffered losses on the third day, storms destroyed many Persian ships sailing around Euboea. With the Persian navy weakened, the Greeks withdrew after learning of the loss at Thermopylae, having successfully delayed the full might of the Persian fleet.
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Darius the Persian conquered the Indus River Valley in 518BC. As the third king of the Persian Empire, he expanded its territory by invading and conquering new lands like the Indus River Valley in what is now Pakistan. Darius was also known for unsuccessfully attempting to invade and conquer Greece during his reign as Persian king.
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The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states that resulted in a Greek victory. There were several key battles: at Marathon in 490 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in a land battle; at Thermopylae and Artemisium in 480 BC the Greeks held off the massive Persian invasion force for several days; in 480 BC the Greeks destroyed much of the Persian navy in a decisive victory at Salamis; and finally in 479 BC the Greeks defeated the Persians in land battles at Plataea and Mycale, ending the Persian threat to Greece.
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1) Alexander the Great conquered most of the known world by the age of 33 after being tutored by Aristotle and taking advantage of the weakened Greek city-states.
2) He defeated Darius III and the Persian Empire in a series of decisive battles between 334-331 BC, capturing the Persian capital of Persepolis.
3) Though his troops grew weary after 11 years of warfare, Alexander had created the largest empire in the ancient world before his death in 323 BC, spreading Greek culture and a common language across three continents.
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The Greeks engaged the larger Persian navy at the Battle of Artemisium in 480 BCE to stall the Persian invasion by sea while Leonidas fought at Thermopylae by land. Over three days of naval battles, the Greeks were numerically outmatched but used maneuverability to their advantage. Though they suffered losses on the third day, storms destroyed many Persian ships sailing around Euboea. With the Persian navy weakened, the Greeks withdrew after learning of the loss at Thermopylae, having successfully delayed the full might of the Persian fleet.
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The document summarizes key events of the Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states in the 5th century BCE. It discusses how Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians at crucial battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. By working together despite their differences, the Greek city-states were able to unite their armies and navies to stop the Persian invasion and defend their homeland from being conquered.
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The document provides an overview of the syllabus for studying the Greek world from 500-440 BC. It outlines three main topics: 1) the Persian Wars, including key battles and leaders, 2) the development of Athens and the Athenian Empire, including the origins and transformation of the Delian League, and 3) Athens and Sparta, including the impact of the Persian Wars on their relationship and the nature of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. The document also provides general tips for studying the syllabus, including using sources and structuring essay responses.
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The document summarizes the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta that lasted over 25 years. It began as a minor quarrel between the two city-states but escalated into a major war. Though Athens initially dominated by sea, Sparta built a navy with Persian gold and began to gain ground. A plague killed over half of Athens' population. After years of conflict, Athens surrendered in 404 BCE, ending its democracy and independence. The war weakened all of Greece and paved the way for Macedonia to rise in power under Alexander the Great.
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The document discusses Greek history from the Persian Wars through the Peloponnesian War. It summarizes that after defeating the Persians, Athens emerged as the dominant city-state in Greece and organized the Delian League. However, competition and conflict among the Greek city-states increased and ultimately led to the 27-year Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, ending with Sparta's defeat of Athens in 404 BCE.
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Athens formed the Delian League in response to Persian invasions, with Athens becoming the dominant member as other city-states paid tribute. Sparta created the Peloponnesian League to protect the Peloponnesus region. Tensions grew between Athens' increasing power and Sparta's alliance, leading to the 27-year Peloponnesian War between them. With Persian support of Sparta and a plague in Athens, Sparta was able to defeat Athens in 404 BC.
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The document summarizes key differences between Athens and Sparta that contributed to tensions and ultimately war. Sparta believed Athens was gaining too much power through the Delian League. Other city-states felt Athens was using league funds for its own benefit. War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annex Corcyra against Sparta's ally Corinth.
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The document summarizes the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431-404 BC. It notes the contrast between the democratic and commerce-based Athens versus the anti-democratic and agriculture-based Sparta. It describes how Athens formed the Delian League after defeating Persia but later tried to convert it into an Athenian empire, angering other city-states. This tension, along with a trade dispute, led Sparta to challenge Athens and start the Peloponnesian War, which Sparta eventually won after 27 years. The document then discusses the aftermath and power struggles between city-states that followed.
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The document provides information on key figures and battles in the Greco-Persian Wars. It discusses Darius I who organized the Persian Empire and planned to conquer Greece but died in 486 BC. It then discusses Xerxes who personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC against King Leonidas of Sparta and his 300 soldiers at the Battle of Thermopylae. The Battle of Thermopylae was fought over three days between the Greek city-states led by Leonidas and the vast Persian Empire of Xerxes, resulting in a Persian victory.
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The Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC saw King Leonidas lead 300 Spartans against the massive Persian army of Xerxes. Over two days of fighting, the small Greek force was able to hold off the Persians through the strategic use of the phalanx formation and heavy armor and weapons. However, on the third day the Spartans were betrayed by a local who showed the Persians a path to surround the Greeks. Though most of the Greek forces withdrew, Leonidas and his remaining men fought bravely until they were killed, sacrificing themselves to buy time for the Greek defense. Their heroic last stand became legendary and helped inspire Greece to ultimately repel the Persian invasion.
History of persian wars
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire lasting from 492 BCE to 449 BCE. The Persians had a vast empire stretching from Egypt to India and launched two invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE. Though outnumbered, the Greeks united to defend themselves and achieved surprising victories, such as at Marathon and Salamis, that ensured the survival of Greek culture. After the Persians were defeated at Plataea and Mycale in 479 BCE, the wars continued for another 30 years as the Greeks went on the offensive to liberate Ionian cities until a peace treaty was finally agreed in 449 BCE.
Power point 8
Greek colonies along the coast of Asia Minor came under the control of the powerful King Croesus of Lydia. Subsequently, the Persian Empire conquered Lydia and the Greek colonies, placing them under Persian rule. In the early 5th century BC, the Greek tyrant Aristagoras encouraged the Ionian Greeks to revolt against Persian rule. Although the revolt spread, the Persians eventually reasserted control and punished the cities involved. This led to increased Persian efforts to conquer all of Greece, culminating in the massive invasions by King Xerxes in 480 BC. Key Greek victories at Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea halted the Persian advance and secured Greek independence.
The Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars dominated the Middle East from 550-330 BC and saw conflicts between Persian and Greek city-state forces. The wars expanded from a small base near the city of Parsa to incorporate various ethnic groups across a large empire administered through cuneiform script. This first led to the Ionian Revolt in 499 BC when Greek city-states along the Ionian coast rebelled against Persian rule, with Athens sending ships and troops to help burn the city of Sardis. The wars culminated in three invasions of Greece by Persian kings Darius and Xerxes between 490-479 BC, including major battles at Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Pl
Chapter 4 Section 3 Answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius later reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient to govern.
2) Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens for helping a rebellion and led a second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. Themistocles devised a strategy to defeat the Persians by cutting off their food supply.
3) Herodotus documented the Persian Wars in his work "The Histories", describing the conflict as between freedom and dictatorship. This work is considered one of the first real histories in Western civilization.
Chapter 4 section 3 answers
1) Cyrus the Great ruled the Persian Empire from 559 to 530 BCE and was known for treating his subjects well. Darius reorganized the empire into 20 provinces to make it more efficient. Xerxes, son of Darius, vowed revenge on Athens and led a new invasion of Greece in 480 BCE.
2) Themistocles devised a strategy to fight Xerxes by cutting off food supplies to the Persians. Herodotus documented the Persian Wars as a conflict between freedom and dictatorship.
3) The Persians were eventually defeated at the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, marking a turning point that convinced the Persians to
Cnc report
The document provides a timeline and overview of ancient Greek history and mythology. It discusses key figures like Cronus, Rhea, Gaia, the Titans, and Zeus. It also outlines two potential stories - a war between the Greek gods and a Spartan war. Sections include Greece's timeline, Mount Olympus, the characters involved, and potential movie inspirations for roleplaying the stories. The document is an introduction and planning material for a school project recreating stories from ancient Greek history and mythology.
CNC greece report
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek history and mythology. It includes a timeline of important events in ancient Greece from the Persian wars to the Peloponnesian war. It also describes some of the major gods and figures in Greek mythology like Cronus, Rhea, Zeus, and Poseidon. Additionally, it gives details on important locations like Mount Olympus and battles such as the Battle of Thermopylae. The document appears to be providing background information for a roleplaying project on ancient Greece.
Cnc report
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek history and mythology. It includes a timeline of important events in ancient Greece from the Persian wars to the Peloponnesian war. It also describes some of the major gods and figures in Greek mythology like Cronus, Rhea, Zeus, and Poseidon. Additionally, it gives details on important locations like Mount Olympus and battles such as the battle of Thermopylae. The document appears to be providing background information and context for stories or roleplays about ancient Greece and its mythology.
Cnc report
This document provides an outline and summary of an Ancient Greece project. It includes a timeline of important events in Ancient Greece, descriptions of key locations like Mount Olympus and characters from Greek mythology. It also includes sample scripts for two roleplaying stories, one about a war between the Greek gods and another about a Spartan war. References are listed at the end.
Robin Waterfield Reflects on Xenophon’s Anabasis in Persia, and Other Greco-P...
Robin Waterfield Reflects on Xenophon’s Anabasis in Persia, and Other Greco-P...Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
What can we learn by reflecting on Robin Waterfield’s take on Xenophon’s Anabasis, the Persian Expedition?
The Anabasis is Xenophon’s remarkable eyewitness account of the Greek mercenary army hired by Cyrus the Younger. Cyrus was challenging his brother Artaxerxes for the throne of Persia.
Although the Ten Thousand Greek hoplites won the battle militarily, this win was wasted when a spear ran through their patron Cyrus, killing him in battle.
Stranded behind enemy lines, and with many of their generals murdered by the treacherous Persians at a banquet, the Greek army of Ten Thousand elected Xenophon as the main general to lead them on their march for many miles and many months through enemy territory before they reached the Greek colonies on the shores of the Black Sea.
The modern historian and translator Robin Waterfield has many interesting insights on this adventure story and the Greco-Persian conflicts that preceded it.
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We also reflect on:
• Greek colonies on the Black Sea.
• Alternate explanation of the Greek victory in the Battle of Marathon in the Greo-Persian Wars.
• Greek naval victory at Battle of Salamis, and the Spartan defeat at the Pass of Thermopylae.
• How the Spartan general Pausanias led to the formation of the Delian League, and the Athenian leader Pericles.
• How the Sicilian Expedition ended the Peace of Nicias, and the role of Alcibiades, the Spartan General Lysander, and the Persian satraps Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus in the Peloponnesian Wars and afterwards.
• Character study of general Clearchus, who led the Greeks in the Battle of Cunaxa.
• How the Persian court intrigues with Queen Parysatis affected the Peloponnesian Wars and Xenophon’s Anabasis.
• How King Darius appointed Cyrus to administer provinces in Ionia.
• How Cyrus provided funds to help Lysander and the Spartans win the Peloponnesian Wars.
• How Cyrus and the Greeks fought King Artaxerxes II near the Euphrates River, near Babylon at the Battle of Cunaxa.
• Similarities between Cyrus the Younger and Cyrus the Great in Cyropaedia.
• How Tissaphernes double-crossed the Greeks, murdering general Clearchus.
• When the Greeks reached the Black Sea, they yelled, ‘Thalatta! Thalatta! The sea! The sea!”
• How this adventure would encourage Alexander the Great to conquer Persia several decades later.
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Robin Waterfield Reflects on Xenophon’s Anabasis in Persia, and Other Greco-P...
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Persian wars
- 1. WH Notes Persian Wars Ancient Greece Kimberly
- 2. Basic Information • Who is fighting? United Greek City States vs Persian Empire (Persians) • When? 499 BCE – 449 BCE • Why? They don’t want to lose control of seatrade routes.
- 3. Background • Athens and Sparta were rivals up until Persian Wars. • Persia was the largest Empire at the time. • Persia being the largest was a threat to Greece.
- 4. • 6th Century BCE start to see the first attack of the Greeks (still not full blown war yet). • Poleis sent aid back to the colonies (weapons, soldiers)
- 5. Cyrus • Cyrus decides to conquer all of Greeks. • Underestimates power of Greeks. • He failed to conquer all of Greeks.
- 6. 1st Persian War • 492 BCE , Persia has a knew King, Darius. • Battle of Marathon.
- 7. Battle of Marathon • Greeks were out numbered 2 to 1. • When Persians go back to their ships (unarmored, Greeks attacked at night), Greeks attacked them. • It worked and Greek WON! • ENDS FIRST PERSIAN WAR!
- 8. 1st Persian War • Pheidippides • Greek messenger. • Ran from Marathon to Athens with news of the NIKE (victory). • Pheidippides dies from exhaustion by running from Marathon t Athens. He got t Athens, yells out “NIKE!” (which means victory) and then collapses.
- 9. 2nd Persian War • New king of Persia, Xerxes. • He seek (past tense) revenge because Greeks made his father look foolish because they loss the war. • He built a ginormous army.
- 10. 2nd Persian War • Sparta was chosen to lead the alliance. • Makes sense because Sparta was a military focused society. • Athens provides majority of the ships.
- 11. 2nd Persian War • Persians decide to move North as the Greeks start to move in on them on land and sea. • Send 7,000 Greek soldiers to Therm. To fight Persians.
- 12. 2nd Persian War • Battle of Therm. Lasted 7 days. • King Leonidas was a leader of the Greeks.
- 13. 2nd Persian War • Salamis- a narrow strait to the south of Athens.
- 14. 2nd War • Athens gets burned down. • GREEKS WIN WAR!
- 15. Outcome of the Wars • Persians leave to Asia Minor , and never attack or intend to attack again. • For a period of time the poleis get along. • Athens becomes a dominate force in the region.