This document investigates the use of permeable concrete for pedestrian pathways. It finds that permeable concrete with a 15% addition of silica fume achieves the highest compressive strength of 20N/mm2. Testing shows that permeable concrete with an aggregate to cement ratio of 2.78:1 and 12.5mm coarse aggregates has a high coefficient of permeability of 0.271cm/sec while maintaining sufficient strength. The document concludes that mixtures using these parameters produce permeable concrete suitable for pavement applications.

1. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TOP MIX
PERMEABLE CONCRETE ON PEDESTRAIN PATHWAY

2. INTRODUCTION
Top mix permeable is a fast draining concrete
pavement solution that rapidly directs
stormwater off streets, Parking surfaces,
driveways & walkways
This minimises the cost & long term
maintance, it soaks upto 4000 litres in 60
seconds.

3. PERMEABLE CONCRETE
 Permeable concrete are the members those which allows the
water to penetrate through the concrete.
 These type of concrete generally will not absorb the water
instead provides an path to penetrate.

4. ABSTRACT
 Our cities are being covered with building and the air-proof concrete
road more and more. In addition, the environment of city is far from
natural. Because of the lack of water permeability and air permeability
of the common concrete pavement, the rainwater is not filtered
underground. Without constant supply of water to the soil, plants are
difficult to grow normally. In addition, it is difficult for soil to exchange
heat and moisture with air; therefore, the temperature and humidity of
the Earth's surface in large cities cannot be adjusted. At the same time,
the plash on the road during a rainy day reduces the safety of traffic of
vehicle and foot passenger. The research on permeable pavement
materials has begun in developed countries such as the US and Japan
since 1980s.

5. SCOPE
 To reduce the staging of water during the
heavy storms.
 To improve the ground water table along
pedestrians.
 Improving of drainage in busy roads.

6. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT VS PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
 Have low flexural strength.  Have low repair cost but completion cost is high.
& Force of friction is high.
 Damaged by oils and certain chemicals.  Surfacing can be directly laid on the subgrade.
 Have low life span (high maintenance cost).  Life span is more when compared to the flexible
pavements (low maintenance cost).
 Have low completion cost but repair cost is
high.
 Strength of the road is less dependent on the
strength of the subgrade

7. APPLICATIONS OF PERMEABLE
CONCRETE
 Low-volume pavements
 Residential roads and
driveway
 Sidewalks pathways
 Tennis courts
 Slope stabilization
 Well linings
 pavement edge drains
 Parking areas

8. METHODOLOGY

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. R. Vignesh Kumar, G. Vivek Kumar, V.Vineet, MS. F. S. Freidan (2016) “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
PROPERTIES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE”
Concrete is a homogeneous mixture of cement, Aggregate (fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate) and water. Now a days, special concrete is more preferred in the
construction industry. Some of the special concretes are pervious concrete,
transparent concrete, high volume fly ash concrete, self-compacted and curing
concrete because of their special properties which is better compared to
conventional concrete. Pervious Concrete is a special type of concrete in which no
fine aggregates are used and gravel has been used in place of the coarse aggregate.
Pervious Concrete is also called as “no-fines” concrete. Compressive strength and
tensile strength of pervious concrete does depend primarily on the porosity, it is also
affected by aggregate / gravel size, shape and gradation.

10. Mr.V. R. Patil, Prof. A. K. Gupta, Prof. D. B. Desai (2015) “USE OF
PERVIOUS CONCRETE IN CONSTRUCTION OF
PAVEMENT FOR IMPROVING THEIR PERFORMANCE”
Pervious concrete is a mixture of gravel or stone, cement, water and little or
no sand which creates an open cell structure that allows water and air to pass
through it. According to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency’s) storm
water runoff can send as much as 90% of pollutant such as oil and other
hydrocarbon. The ability of pervious concrete to allow water to flow through
itself recharges ground water and minimizes the extent of pollution and storm
water runoff. Pervious concrete is used to allow storm water to infiltrate
through the pavement and reduce or eliminate the need for additional control
structures, such as retention ponds.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF PERMEABLE
CONCRETE
 Water Purifying Performance
 Permeable Concrete As Noise Absorption
 Permeable Concrete Reduces Problems

12. MIX DESIGN
MIX PROPORTIONFOR 1𝒎𝟑
 Cement = 334.125 kg/m3
 Silica fume = 37.125 kg/m3
 Water = 202.5 kg/m3
 coarse aggregate = 996.41 kg
 Water cement ratio = 0.60
MIX RATIO FOR 1𝒎𝟑
CEMENT COARSE AGGREGATE WATER
371.250 996.41 202.5
1 2.78 0.30

13. Compressive Strength Test
Specimen Days of curing Load in (KN) Load in (N/mm2)
Specimen-1 3 160 7.12
Specimen-2 7 290 12.89
Specimen-3 14 410 18.22
Specimen Days of curing Load in (KN) Load in (N/mm2)
Specimen-1 3 180 8
Specimen-2 7 320 14.23
Specimen-3 14 440 19.51
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE
WITH SILICA FUME (10%)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE
WITHOUT SILICA FUME

14. Specimen Days of curing Load in (KN) Load in (N/mm2)
Specimen-1 3 195 8.6
Specimen-2 7 335 14.88
Specimen-3 14 450 20
Specimen Days of curing Load in (KN) Load in (N/mm2)
Specimen-1 3 185 8.2
Specimen-2 7 330 14.66
Specimen-3 14 420 18.67
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE
WITH SILICA FUME (20%)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE
WITH SILICA FUME (15%)

15. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
3 days 7 days 14 days
without silica fume with silica fume 10% with silica fume 15% with silica fume 20%
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm
2
)
Curing (Days)

16. Infiltration test
 The infiltration test is carried out for recommendation to
perform and infiltration test at least annually to determine
the need for maintenance.
Infiltration calculation
I =
𝐾𝑀
𝐷2(𝑇)
M=water mass
D= dia of ring
T= Time of infiltration
 I=
𝐾𝑀
𝐷2(𝑇)
K=126,870 in constant

17. Table for infiltration test
Description Trial – 1 Trial – 2
Water mass in (lit) 1.5 3.0
Diameter of ring in (cm) 30 30
Time of infiltration in (sec) 19.65 42.55
CALCULATION
Trail -1
I =
126870∗1.5
302∗ 19.65
= 10.761 mm/sec
Trail -2
I =
126870∗3
302∗ 42.55
= 9.940 mm/sec

18. PERMEABILITY TEST
 The permeable concrete was determined using a
falling head permeability set up. Water was
allowed to flow through the sample, through a
connected stand pipe which provides the water
head.

19. PERMEABILITY CALCULATION
K =
𝟐.𝟑𝟎𝟑 𝐚𝐋
𝐀 𝐭
x log
𝒉𝟏
𝒉𝟐
Height
(cm)
Time
(sec)
Co – efficient of permeability
K (cm/sec)
30 0 -
25 10.90 0.251
20 23.70 0.257
15 39.80 0.261
10 59.60 0.276
5 1:45 0.309

20. RESULTS
 1. Permeable concrete made from coarse aggregate size
12.5mm has compressive strength of without silica fume of
18.22 N/mm2 & with silica fume 15% of 20 N/ mm2
 2. The aggregate/cement ratio of 2.78:1 produced permeable
concrete of higher co-efficient of permeability of 0.271 cm/sec
for aggregate size 12.5mm respectively.

21. PERMEABLE CONCRETE IN INDIA
 Permeable concrete can be used and it is being implemented in some metropolitan cities in
parking lots, drive ways, gullies, sidewalks, road platforms etc. The roads around the
apartments and the surfacing inside the compound can be made with permeable concrete.
Another significant advantage in India is low cost of labour compared to western countries,
much of the permeable concrete is laid manually without using heavy machinery, so this can
be placed in lower costs even in rural areas.
 In future with increased urbanization, diminishing ground water levels and focus on
sustainability technologies such as permeable concrete are likely to become even more
popular in India compared to other countries.

22. CONCLUSION
 1. The smaller the size of coarse aggregate should be able to produce
a higher compressive strength and at the same time produce a higher
permeability rate.
 2. The mixtures with aggregate/cement ratio 2.78:1 as M20 grade of
nominal mix are considered to be useful for pavement that requires
high permeability rate.
 3. Finally, further study should be conducted on the permeable
concrete pavement produced with these material proportions to meet
the condition of increased abrasion and compressive stresses due to
high vehicular loading and traffic volumes.

23. Thank you