Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face in your application areas today. This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Water, Air, Soil/Hazardous Waste testing which you will be able to access at your convenience. Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
Fukushima fallout in northwest german environmental mediatrabajomuestreo
Traces of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima nuclear accident, including 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs, were detected in environmental samples collected in Northwest Germany between March and May 2011. Measured concentrations of 131I in rainwater samples agreed with estimated deposition values based on reported air concentrations and rainfall amounts. 137Cs concentrations were higher and were attributed mostly to previous nuclear testing and Chernobyl fallout. The 134Cs/137Cs ratio allowed discrimination of recent versus older 137Cs. While 136Cs was below detection limits, the measurements provide evidence of transoceanic transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides to Northwest Germany.
This document summarizes the use of in situ chemical reduction (ISCR)-enhanced bioremediation to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination at an industrial site in Portland, Oregon. TCE and manufactured gas plant (MGP) waste are present in the subsurface. An injection system using emulsified zero-valent iron and bacteria was installed to desorb TCE from MGP dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and promote biological degradation. Monitoring shows TCE concentrations decreased in both groundwater and MGP DNAPL samples. Analysis using an effective solubility model indicates TCE has been removed from the non-aqueous phase through dissolution, consistent with the remediation goal
Impending IRIS Updates - Potential Impacts on Site Cleanupcsaranko
The document discusses potential impacts of impending updates to the EPA's IRIS database on site cleanup activities in Florida. It may result in more stringent soil screening levels for several chemicals of concern like inorganic arsenic, hexavalent chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxins/furans. The EPA is re-evaluating the toxicity of these chemicals which could lead to lower acceptable risk levels and screening thresholds in soil. This may cause cleanup targets to fall below naturally occurring background levels for some chemicals and significantly increase investigation and remediation costs. The timing of updates to federal and state regulations is uncertain but some changes seem more imminent than others.
1) Radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident spread to the marine environment through atmospheric fallout and discharge of contaminated water into the sea.
2) Monitoring shows contamination levels decreasing in sea water near the plant but remaining relatively constant further offshore due to ongoing water discharge.
3) Sediment near discharge areas shows higher radioactivity, indicating particle adsorption and removal from the water column. Traces of radionuclides may disperse across the northern Pacific ocean over the coming years.
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant remains serious with contaminated water found near turbine buildings. Fresh water continues to be injected into reactors to cool fuel. Increased temperatures were detected at Unit 1, along with higher drywell pressure. Radiation monitoring found deposition of iodine-131 and cesium-137 in soil and food samples, with highest levels near the plant. Modeling shows potential northeast transport of contaminated water away from the plant coastline.
The water quality report for the City of Dania Beach shows that:
1) Testing found the city's water supply to be safe and meeting all federal and state standards in 2010.
2) The city's water source is the Biscayne aquifer and undergoes lime softening and filtration treatment before being disinfected and distributed.
3) Testing detected very low levels of some contaminants that do not exceed safety limits, including barium and fluoride, but no violations were reported.
1) The document summarizes the status of efforts to decommission Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station units 1-4 as of March 6, 2013. It describes the plant parameters, radiation levels, accumulated water processing and storage, installation of water shielding walls to prevent groundwater contamination, and plans for spent fuel removal.
2) Radiation doses at the site boundary were below legal limits, with a maximum of 6.8 microsieverts per hour. Water temperatures in spent fuel pools were maintained between 10-21 degrees Celsius.
3) Plans are outlined to improve reliability of cooling systems, install multi-nuclide removal facilities, and remove spent fuel from Unit 4 by late 2014 and Unit 3 within 2014
Assessment of mortality and morbidity risks due to the consumption of some sa...theijes
This study assessed the mortality and morbidity risks from consuming sachet drinking waters produced in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Natural radioactivity measurements of 60 sachet water samples from 15 enterprises found concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th ranging from 0.87-5.70 Bq/L, 0.16-0.47 Bq/L, and 0.17-0.60 Bq/L respectively. The estimated annual effective doses from ingesting these radionuclides were 45.48-113.07 μSv/y, with mortality and morbidity risks of 4.94×10-5 to 1.17×10-4 and
Fukushima fallout in northwest german environmental mediatrabajomuestreo
Traces of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima nuclear accident, including 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs, were detected in environmental samples collected in Northwest Germany between March and May 2011. Measured concentrations of 131I in rainwater samples agreed with estimated deposition values based on reported air concentrations and rainfall amounts. 137Cs concentrations were higher and were attributed mostly to previous nuclear testing and Chernobyl fallout. The 134Cs/137Cs ratio allowed discrimination of recent versus older 137Cs. While 136Cs was below detection limits, the measurements provide evidence of transoceanic transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides to Northwest Germany.
This document summarizes the use of in situ chemical reduction (ISCR)-enhanced bioremediation to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination at an industrial site in Portland, Oregon. TCE and manufactured gas plant (MGP) waste are present in the subsurface. An injection system using emulsified zero-valent iron and bacteria was installed to desorb TCE from MGP dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and promote biological degradation. Monitoring shows TCE concentrations decreased in both groundwater and MGP DNAPL samples. Analysis using an effective solubility model indicates TCE has been removed from the non-aqueous phase through dissolution, consistent with the remediation goal
Impending IRIS Updates - Potential Impacts on Site Cleanupcsaranko
The document discusses potential impacts of impending updates to the EPA's IRIS database on site cleanup activities in Florida. It may result in more stringent soil screening levels for several chemicals of concern like inorganic arsenic, hexavalent chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxins/furans. The EPA is re-evaluating the toxicity of these chemicals which could lead to lower acceptable risk levels and screening thresholds in soil. This may cause cleanup targets to fall below naturally occurring background levels for some chemicals and significantly increase investigation and remediation costs. The timing of updates to federal and state regulations is uncertain but some changes seem more imminent than others.
1) Radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident spread to the marine environment through atmospheric fallout and discharge of contaminated water into the sea.
2) Monitoring shows contamination levels decreasing in sea water near the plant but remaining relatively constant further offshore due to ongoing water discharge.
3) Sediment near discharge areas shows higher radioactivity, indicating particle adsorption and removal from the water column. Traces of radionuclides may disperse across the northern Pacific ocean over the coming years.
The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant remains serious with contaminated water found near turbine buildings. Fresh water continues to be injected into reactors to cool fuel. Increased temperatures were detected at Unit 1, along with higher drywell pressure. Radiation monitoring found deposition of iodine-131 and cesium-137 in soil and food samples, with highest levels near the plant. Modeling shows potential northeast transport of contaminated water away from the plant coastline.
The water quality report for the City of Dania Beach shows that:
1) Testing found the city's water supply to be safe and meeting all federal and state standards in 2010.
2) The city's water source is the Biscayne aquifer and undergoes lime softening and filtration treatment before being disinfected and distributed.
3) Testing detected very low levels of some contaminants that do not exceed safety limits, including barium and fluoride, but no violations were reported.
1) The document summarizes the status of efforts to decommission Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station units 1-4 as of March 6, 2013. It describes the plant parameters, radiation levels, accumulated water processing and storage, installation of water shielding walls to prevent groundwater contamination, and plans for spent fuel removal.
2) Radiation doses at the site boundary were below legal limits, with a maximum of 6.8 microsieverts per hour. Water temperatures in spent fuel pools were maintained between 10-21 degrees Celsius.
3) Plans are outlined to improve reliability of cooling systems, install multi-nuclide removal facilities, and remove spent fuel from Unit 4 by late 2014 and Unit 3 within 2014
Assessment of mortality and morbidity risks due to the consumption of some sa...theijes
This study assessed the mortality and morbidity risks from consuming sachet drinking waters produced in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Natural radioactivity measurements of 60 sachet water samples from 15 enterprises found concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th ranging from 0.87-5.70 Bq/L, 0.16-0.47 Bq/L, and 0.17-0.60 Bq/L respectively. The estimated annual effective doses from ingesting these radionuclides were 45.48-113.07 μSv/y, with mortality and morbidity risks of 4.94×10-5 to 1.17×10-4 and
This document discusses terrestrial primary production processes in 3 chapters. Chapter 1 covers an overview of gross primary production, plant respiration, net primary production, net ecosystem production, and net ecosystem exchange. It describes how photosynthesis by plants fixes carbon, while plant respiration returns about half of this carbon back to the atmosphere. The balance between production and respiration determines net carbon accumulation. The chapter also examines how these processes are measured and how terrestrial primary production may be impacted by climate change.
This document is the 2011 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for the City of Dania Beach. It summarizes that the city's water meets all federal and state standards for safety. It obtains groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer and treats it through lime softening and filtration. In 2011 it added a new nanofiltration process. While most contaminant levels were low, the city violated standards for lead between August-September 2011 and for haloacetic acids from October-December 2011. The report provides a water quality table with test results and defines various terms.
IUVA Paper UV OXidation for 1,4 Dioxane and BCEE removal at Artesian Water.Terrance (Terry) Keep
This document summarizes a treatability study conducted by Artesian Water Company to identify the most cost-effective treatment option for removing 1,4-dioxane from one of its wells. Three advanced oxidation process options were evaluated: UV-hydrogen peroxide using low pressure lamps, UV-hydrogen peroxide using medium pressure lamps, and ozone-hydrogen peroxide. Based on capital and operating costs, as well as non-economic factors, UV-hydrogen peroxide using low pressure lamps was selected as the recommended treatment option with an estimated 20-year present worth of $4.29 million.
This document discusses using advanced analytical chemistry and hydrogeological modeling to identify and quantify the relative risk of groundwater contamination. It outlines methods used including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect over 70 chemicals and metals, as well as analyzing physical properties like pH, dissolved solids and oxygen levels. The methods have found elevated levels of arsenic, barium and other chemicals near gas drilling sites compared to non-drilling areas and historical levels. Further monitoring is needed over time to better understand contamination risks from drilling activities and improve practices.
This document summarizes the IEUBK model, which predicts the risk of elevated blood lead levels in children exposed to environmental lead from multiple sources. The model consists of exposure, uptake, biokinetic, and probability distribution modules. It uses site-specific or default media concentrations and intake rates to estimate lead uptake and predict a typical child's blood lead level and risk of exceeding health standards. While generally accurate below 30 μg/dL, the model has limitations for short or irregular exposures and should not be used to predict an individual child's level. Site-specific data are recommended where available and representative.
Final Report Daad13 02 C 0015 Part5 App A Finscore
1) The document presents surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a potential technique for rapid identification of chemical warfare agents and related compounds.
2) Preliminary SERS measurements are shown for the nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate and the mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, demonstrating molecular fingerprinting capabilities.
3) SERS is also applied to measurement of chemical agent hydrolysis products such as pinacolyl methylphosphonate and methylphosphonic acid, showing its ability to analyze breakdown components.
Water and sewage systems for future cities. Cases: New York and BangaloreHabitatNorway
Infrastructure 2013: Water
Presentation from the first 'Infrastructure 2013' evening seminar on access to clean water and water managment in growing cities. Seminar held in Oslo 20 March 2013.
Vann og avløpsløsninger i fremtidens byer. Case Bangalore/New York
Petter D Jenssen, Universitetet for Miljø og Biovitenskap (UMB)Association for International Water Studies)
The document discusses membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems for wastewater treatment. It provides common ranges for key design parameters like membrane flux rates, mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations, and aeration requirements. The text indicates MBR systems require careful design to prevent fouling and ensure integrity. It also notes TCEQ may require a pilot study or 2-year performance bond for non-standard MBR proposals.
The document discusses using ammonium nitrate injections to enhance monitored natural attenuation (MNA) at a site with dissolved petroleum contamination. Baseline testing found the aquifer had a microbial population but limited nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Approximately 116 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was injected, providing a source of nitrate to drive biodegradation. Monitoring after injection found increased biological activity and degradation rates, showing nitrate addition can accelerate MNA by stimulating microbial growth where nutrients were previously limited.
The document analyzes water quality issues in Truc Bach Lake located in Hanoi, Vietnam. It finds that the lake suffers from high levels of pollution due to organic matter and nutrients exceeding national standards. Sources of pollution include domestic and industrial waste being dumped directly into the lake via drains. The document recommends treating the water using new technologies, strengthening management plans to control pollution, increasing environmental education, and enhancing tourism as solutions to preserve the lake.
The chemical investigation on water pollution of kurnool district by water qu...Avishkaarsgrowup
1) The document analyzes water quality parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients and heavy metals in drinking water samples from 10 locations in the Nandyal region of Kurnool district, India.
2) Testing found the pH, conductivity, fluoride and heavy metal levels were within WHO guidelines for most locations, but some had higher turbidity and nutrients like nitrates.
3) The highest levels of parameters like copper, iron and manganese were found in samples from locations like Maddur and Kowlur.
This study evaluated the use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes to reduce trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in drinking water sources along a hydric system. Ten NF membranes were tested on pre-chlorinated water and showed high rejection of THM precursors, though permeability varied. NF270, ESNA1LF2 and TFC-SR100 membranes were selected for further study based on conductivity rejection capabilities. Water reservoirs significantly increased THM precursor levels. Smaller conductivity rejection by ESNA1LF2 resulted in lower THMFP reduction, demonstrating the relationship between conductivity rejection and disinfection byproduct reduction by NF membranes.
Successful ISCR-Enhanced Bioremediation - Summer 2010James Peale
This document summarizes the successful remediation of a TCE DNAPL source zone using in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) enhanced bioremediation. The TCE DNAPL was located 40-110 feet below ground surface at a facility. A pilot study was conducted using EHC and KB-1 to promote microbial and abiotic degradation pathways. The full-scale implementation rapidly reduced TCE concentrations to below the maximum contaminant level in under six months. Monitoring showed concentrations continued to decrease below regulatory levels, demonstrating the viability of this approach for remediating deep chlorinated solvent source zones.
Hydrogeochemistry and Microbiology of Wadi Al Bih Limestone Aquifer in Northe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and microbiological pollution of groundwater in Wadi Al Bih limestone aquifer, Ras Al Khaimah area, northern United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results indicate that the decrease of groundwater exploitation in Wadi Al Bih basin from 58 million cubic meter (MCM) during the period 1991-1995 to 22 MCM during the period 2011-2015, has increased groundwater storage, raised hydraulic heads by 1 m in Al Burayrat area and 16 m near Wadi Al Bih main dam, and decreased the average groundwater salinity by 30% in Wadi Al Bih well field and 45% in Al Burayrat well field. Results of chemical analyses showed noticeable fluctuations in groundwater temperature, EC, and TDS contents, rather than concentrations of all ions. The November 2014 and June 2015 isosalinity contour maps indicate that the groundwater salinity increases from east to west, in the direction of groundwater flow. The groundwater in the eastern part of Wadi Al Bih is good for domestic purposes and irrigation. However, the water hardness is high because the aquifer is predominantly composed of limestone. Wadi Al Bih limestone aquifer is highly sensitive to urban and agricultural activities, and several well were recorded to have Coliform bacteria in Wadi Al Bih and Al Burayrat areas
Nano materials have properties that make them well suited for addressing issues with current water treatment technologies. Their large surface area and reactivity allows them to more effectively adsorb contaminants. Nano adsorbents like carbon nanotubes and metal oxides can remove higher levels of pollutants. Nano catalysts like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide use photoactivity to break down chemicals. Nanoscale filters made of alumina or carbon nanotubes can remove bacteria and viruses. While nanotechnology shows promise for improving water treatment, further research is needed to assess environmental and health risks and make the techniques economically viable at large scales.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the bioaccumulation and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in the food web of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Samples of water, sediment, plankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish were collected from four locations in the lagoon and analyzed for 18 organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatography. The highest concentrations of pesticides were found in sediment samples, with total concentrations up to 2,953.84 μg/kg. Pesticide concentrations increased higher up the food web, with the highest levels found in predatory fish species. The results indicate bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pesticides in the Lagos Lago
This document describes the Parker THM Analyzer, a tabletop device that uses nanoporous carbon coated surface acoustic wave technology to detect trace levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water samples. The analyzer provides real-time, on-site THM analysis to water utilities in 30 minutes without sample preparation. Independent testing showed the analyzer's results to be within 10-15% of EPA certified laboratory measurements. The key technology is the nanoporous carbon coating on the surface acoustic wave sensor, which enables parts-per-billion detection of THMs and replacement of an entire chemical laboratory.
1) Hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma in Utah Valley increased when PM10 levels were higher. Admissions for children nearly tripled on high pollution days and doubled on days above 50 ug/m3. Adult admissions increased 44% and 47% respectively.
2) When a local steel mill, the primary PM10 source, closed admissions decreased and increased again after it reopened. Winter admissions were 2-3 times higher when the mill operated.
3) Regression analysis found PM10 levels strongly correlated with admissions, especially for children and illnesses like bronchitis and asthma. Higher admissions were associated with periods of elevated PM10.
PerkinElmer Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine – Volume 16PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly compendium of recent applications, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face today. Our e-zine covers a broad range of applications within various industries – all accessible online at your convenience.
http://www.perkinelmerapplications.com/subscribe/
PerkinElmer Analytical Applications E-Zine Food & Beverage Special Edition - ...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face in your application areas today.
This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Food Safety, Quality/Conformance/Authenticity, as well as Nutrition/Labeling, which you will be able to access at your convenience. Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
Metrohm is the global market leader in titration and ion analysis equipment. They manufacture exclusively in Switzerland and provide comprehensive support services to water laboratories, including over 1300 free applications. Metrohm works with customers to develop customized solutions for water analysis to ensure compliance with various regulatory standards around parameters such as pH, conductivity, anions, cations and metals.
The document analyzes the spatial variation and concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China. Water samples were taken from six points along the river and analyzed for concentrations of six EDCs including bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). BPA was found to have increased concentrations near sewage treatment plant effluent, indicating it is a point source pollutant introduced via treated wastewater. While 4-NP had high concentrations, its source of pollution was not determined to be from point source effluent. The study highlights the need for improved wastewater treatment and EDC removal strategies to prevent their accumulation
This document discusses terrestrial primary production processes in 3 chapters. Chapter 1 covers an overview of gross primary production, plant respiration, net primary production, net ecosystem production, and net ecosystem exchange. It describes how photosynthesis by plants fixes carbon, while plant respiration returns about half of this carbon back to the atmosphere. The balance between production and respiration determines net carbon accumulation. The chapter also examines how these processes are measured and how terrestrial primary production may be impacted by climate change.
This document is the 2011 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for the City of Dania Beach. It summarizes that the city's water meets all federal and state standards for safety. It obtains groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer and treats it through lime softening and filtration. In 2011 it added a new nanofiltration process. While most contaminant levels were low, the city violated standards for lead between August-September 2011 and for haloacetic acids from October-December 2011. The report provides a water quality table with test results and defines various terms.
IUVA Paper UV OXidation for 1,4 Dioxane and BCEE removal at Artesian Water.Terrance (Terry) Keep
This document summarizes a treatability study conducted by Artesian Water Company to identify the most cost-effective treatment option for removing 1,4-dioxane from one of its wells. Three advanced oxidation process options were evaluated: UV-hydrogen peroxide using low pressure lamps, UV-hydrogen peroxide using medium pressure lamps, and ozone-hydrogen peroxide. Based on capital and operating costs, as well as non-economic factors, UV-hydrogen peroxide using low pressure lamps was selected as the recommended treatment option with an estimated 20-year present worth of $4.29 million.
This document discusses using advanced analytical chemistry and hydrogeological modeling to identify and quantify the relative risk of groundwater contamination. It outlines methods used including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect over 70 chemicals and metals, as well as analyzing physical properties like pH, dissolved solids and oxygen levels. The methods have found elevated levels of arsenic, barium and other chemicals near gas drilling sites compared to non-drilling areas and historical levels. Further monitoring is needed over time to better understand contamination risks from drilling activities and improve practices.
This document summarizes the IEUBK model, which predicts the risk of elevated blood lead levels in children exposed to environmental lead from multiple sources. The model consists of exposure, uptake, biokinetic, and probability distribution modules. It uses site-specific or default media concentrations and intake rates to estimate lead uptake and predict a typical child's blood lead level and risk of exceeding health standards. While generally accurate below 30 μg/dL, the model has limitations for short or irregular exposures and should not be used to predict an individual child's level. Site-specific data are recommended where available and representative.
Final Report Daad13 02 C 0015 Part5 App A Finscore
1) The document presents surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a potential technique for rapid identification of chemical warfare agents and related compounds.
2) Preliminary SERS measurements are shown for the nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate and the mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, demonstrating molecular fingerprinting capabilities.
3) SERS is also applied to measurement of chemical agent hydrolysis products such as pinacolyl methylphosphonate and methylphosphonic acid, showing its ability to analyze breakdown components.
Water and sewage systems for future cities. Cases: New York and BangaloreHabitatNorway
Infrastructure 2013: Water
Presentation from the first 'Infrastructure 2013' evening seminar on access to clean water and water managment in growing cities. Seminar held in Oslo 20 March 2013.
Vann og avløpsløsninger i fremtidens byer. Case Bangalore/New York
Petter D Jenssen, Universitetet for Miljø og Biovitenskap (UMB)Association for International Water Studies)
The document discusses membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems for wastewater treatment. It provides common ranges for key design parameters like membrane flux rates, mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations, and aeration requirements. The text indicates MBR systems require careful design to prevent fouling and ensure integrity. It also notes TCEQ may require a pilot study or 2-year performance bond for non-standard MBR proposals.
The document discusses using ammonium nitrate injections to enhance monitored natural attenuation (MNA) at a site with dissolved petroleum contamination. Baseline testing found the aquifer had a microbial population but limited nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Approximately 116 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was injected, providing a source of nitrate to drive biodegradation. Monitoring after injection found increased biological activity and degradation rates, showing nitrate addition can accelerate MNA by stimulating microbial growth where nutrients were previously limited.
The document analyzes water quality issues in Truc Bach Lake located in Hanoi, Vietnam. It finds that the lake suffers from high levels of pollution due to organic matter and nutrients exceeding national standards. Sources of pollution include domestic and industrial waste being dumped directly into the lake via drains. The document recommends treating the water using new technologies, strengthening management plans to control pollution, increasing environmental education, and enhancing tourism as solutions to preserve the lake.
The chemical investigation on water pollution of kurnool district by water qu...Avishkaarsgrowup
1) The document analyzes water quality parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients and heavy metals in drinking water samples from 10 locations in the Nandyal region of Kurnool district, India.
2) Testing found the pH, conductivity, fluoride and heavy metal levels were within WHO guidelines for most locations, but some had higher turbidity and nutrients like nitrates.
3) The highest levels of parameters like copper, iron and manganese were found in samples from locations like Maddur and Kowlur.
This study evaluated the use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes to reduce trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in drinking water sources along a hydric system. Ten NF membranes were tested on pre-chlorinated water and showed high rejection of THM precursors, though permeability varied. NF270, ESNA1LF2 and TFC-SR100 membranes were selected for further study based on conductivity rejection capabilities. Water reservoirs significantly increased THM precursor levels. Smaller conductivity rejection by ESNA1LF2 resulted in lower THMFP reduction, demonstrating the relationship between conductivity rejection and disinfection byproduct reduction by NF membranes.
Successful ISCR-Enhanced Bioremediation - Summer 2010James Peale
This document summarizes the successful remediation of a TCE DNAPL source zone using in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) enhanced bioremediation. The TCE DNAPL was located 40-110 feet below ground surface at a facility. A pilot study was conducted using EHC and KB-1 to promote microbial and abiotic degradation pathways. The full-scale implementation rapidly reduced TCE concentrations to below the maximum contaminant level in under six months. Monitoring showed concentrations continued to decrease below regulatory levels, demonstrating the viability of this approach for remediating deep chlorinated solvent source zones.
Hydrogeochemistry and Microbiology of Wadi Al Bih Limestone Aquifer in Northe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and microbiological pollution of groundwater in Wadi Al Bih limestone aquifer, Ras Al Khaimah area, northern United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results indicate that the decrease of groundwater exploitation in Wadi Al Bih basin from 58 million cubic meter (MCM) during the period 1991-1995 to 22 MCM during the period 2011-2015, has increased groundwater storage, raised hydraulic heads by 1 m in Al Burayrat area and 16 m near Wadi Al Bih main dam, and decreased the average groundwater salinity by 30% in Wadi Al Bih well field and 45% in Al Burayrat well field. Results of chemical analyses showed noticeable fluctuations in groundwater temperature, EC, and TDS contents, rather than concentrations of all ions. The November 2014 and June 2015 isosalinity contour maps indicate that the groundwater salinity increases from east to west, in the direction of groundwater flow. The groundwater in the eastern part of Wadi Al Bih is good for domestic purposes and irrigation. However, the water hardness is high because the aquifer is predominantly composed of limestone. Wadi Al Bih limestone aquifer is highly sensitive to urban and agricultural activities, and several well were recorded to have Coliform bacteria in Wadi Al Bih and Al Burayrat areas
Nano materials have properties that make them well suited for addressing issues with current water treatment technologies. Their large surface area and reactivity allows them to more effectively adsorb contaminants. Nano adsorbents like carbon nanotubes and metal oxides can remove higher levels of pollutants. Nano catalysts like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide use photoactivity to break down chemicals. Nanoscale filters made of alumina or carbon nanotubes can remove bacteria and viruses. While nanotechnology shows promise for improving water treatment, further research is needed to assess environmental and health risks and make the techniques economically viable at large scales.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the bioaccumulation and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in the food web of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Samples of water, sediment, plankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish were collected from four locations in the lagoon and analyzed for 18 organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatography. The highest concentrations of pesticides were found in sediment samples, with total concentrations up to 2,953.84 μg/kg. Pesticide concentrations increased higher up the food web, with the highest levels found in predatory fish species. The results indicate bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pesticides in the Lagos Lago
This document describes the Parker THM Analyzer, a tabletop device that uses nanoporous carbon coated surface acoustic wave technology to detect trace levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water samples. The analyzer provides real-time, on-site THM analysis to water utilities in 30 minutes without sample preparation. Independent testing showed the analyzer's results to be within 10-15% of EPA certified laboratory measurements. The key technology is the nanoporous carbon coating on the surface acoustic wave sensor, which enables parts-per-billion detection of THMs and replacement of an entire chemical laboratory.
1) Hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma in Utah Valley increased when PM10 levels were higher. Admissions for children nearly tripled on high pollution days and doubled on days above 50 ug/m3. Adult admissions increased 44% and 47% respectively.
2) When a local steel mill, the primary PM10 source, closed admissions decreased and increased again after it reopened. Winter admissions were 2-3 times higher when the mill operated.
3) Regression analysis found PM10 levels strongly correlated with admissions, especially for children and illnesses like bronchitis and asthma. Higher admissions were associated with periods of elevated PM10.
PerkinElmer Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine – Volume 16PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly compendium of recent applications, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face today. Our e-zine covers a broad range of applications within various industries – all accessible online at your convenience.
http://www.perkinelmerapplications.com/subscribe/
PerkinElmer Analytical Applications E-Zine Food & Beverage Special Edition - ...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face in your application areas today.
This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Food Safety, Quality/Conformance/Authenticity, as well as Nutrition/Labeling, which you will be able to access at your convenience. Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
Metrohm is the global market leader in titration and ion analysis equipment. They manufacture exclusively in Switzerland and provide comprehensive support services to water laboratories, including over 1300 free applications. Metrohm works with customers to develop customized solutions for water analysis to ensure compliance with various regulatory standards around parameters such as pH, conductivity, anions, cations and metals.
The document analyzes the spatial variation and concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the Pearl River in Guangzhou, China. Water samples were taken from six points along the river and analyzed for concentrations of six EDCs including bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). BPA was found to have increased concentrations near sewage treatment plant effluent, indicating it is a point source pollutant introduced via treated wastewater. While 4-NP had high concentrations, its source of pollution was not determined to be from point source effluent. The study highlights the need for improved wastewater treatment and EDC removal strategies to prevent their accumulation
This document discusses compounds of emerging concern (CECs) in water and their impact on water utilities. While more research is needed, CECs like pharmaceuticals are ubiquitous in wastewater discharges and detected in surface waters downstream. These compounds can disrupt human and aquatic endocrine systems even at very low concentrations. There is evidence that CECs negatively impact aquatic organisms, with some fish found downstream of wastewater discharges exhibiting intersex characteristics. As detection methods improve, CECs are an increasing regulatory concern that will shape future water and wastewater treatment processes.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine - Volume 13PerkinElmer, Inc.
This document provides key analytical applications to help laboratories address the pressing concerns of the changing global landscape. Specifically, Volume 13 includes applications for Consumer Products, Energy & Industrial, Environmental and Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals.
Paper 1 evaluates using machine learning to predict water quality parameters. It found ANN can predict parameters like alkalinity, chloride and sulfate with 83.94-87.9% accuracy.
Paper 2 tested algorithms on water data, finding random forest and KNN most accurate at 0.6520 and 0.6469 respectively.
Paper 3 found random forest can estimate microorganism levels in raw water with acceptable accuracy, making it a reliable real-time prediction tool.
The literature review identifies random forest as an effective method for water quality prediction. The project uses random forest on a water quality dataset, obtaining 71.5% accuracy for predicting sample potability. It automates water testing to replace manual methods
The document summarizes a student project called Water Cops PR CL that aims to study local watersheds. The project involves students using tools like Vernier LabQuest sensors to measure water quality parameters like turbidity, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen at sites along the Rio Piedras river. Students will analyze their findings, produce written articles and maps using software, and investigate how human activities impact watershed hydrology and land usage affects plant and animal communities near the river. They will assess water quality through physical, chemical and biological measurements and evaluations.
The document summarizes a study that was conducted to determine sources of water pollution in Appiakrom community, Ghana. The study examined a dam, pond, and two boreholes used by the community. Laboratory analysis of water samples found that the dam, which supplies water to the district, had been polluted by anthropogenic activities. The rusty nature of one borehole was attributed to underground parent materials. The pond interfaced with the dam, and pollution could flow between the two sources. The authors recommend blocking channels between the pond and dam, and practicing zero-fertilizer farming near the dam to reduce pollution.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine - Volume 10PerkinElmer, Inc.
This document provides key analytical applications to help laboratories address the pressing concerns of the changing global landscape. Specifically, Volume 10 includes applications for Energy & Industrial, Environmental, Food & Beverage, and Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals.
This document summarizes research on the degradation of aquatic pollutants by sunlight and organic matter. Key findings include:
- Singlet oxygen produced indirectly by sunlight can degrade various pollutants like phenols and pharmaceuticals. The reaction rate depends on pH and water composition.
- Effluent from wastewater treatment plants contains organic matter that may degrade pollutants at higher rates than natural waters.
- Future work will focus on measuring reaction rates of singlet oxygen with pollutants in different waters, identifying degradation products, and comparing experimental and computed reaction rates.
Scientific Article Rio Piedras & Guaralcanal stream vol3papersh21
The Water Cops PR CL project involves students exploring their local watershed to understand water flow and how human activities impact water quality. Students collected water quality data from two sites on the Rio Piedras river using sensors to measure temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, pH and stream flow. Analysis showed normal readings except for higher than expected turbidity and conductivity at one site. A second site on the Guaralcanal stream had elevated levels of nitrates and ammonium, likely due to agricultural runoff polluting the water. Creating a watershed model with GIS software allowed for spatial analysis of the data and identification of population densities near sampling areas.
This document evaluates the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ozone for disinfecting primary municipal wastewater effluents. Experiments tested different ozone concentrations and UV fluencies at varying pH levels. Ozone doses near 20 mg/min achieved 72-78% removal of fecal and total coliforms, and removed up to 36% of chemical oxygen demand (COD). UV achieved over 80% inactivation of bacteria. Both treatments were most effective against bacteria at pH levels other than 7. UV treatment had lower energy requirements than ozone treatment. The study demonstrates the potential for UV and ozone processes to generate safely reusable or releasable effluents from primary wastewater treatment.
THE EFFECT OF WATER TREATMENT ON SELENIUM AND VANADIUM LEVELS OF WATER IN KAR...EDITOR IJCRCPS
Introduction: Due to the increase in world population and increased demand for safe drinking water, using of bottled water,
especially in areas with a shortage of safe drinking water is common. The aim of this research was to compare Selenium and
Vanadium levels in the water of Karun river at the influent stream of the water treatment plant number 2 (WTP2) and its outlet
water after the water treatment process and waters of inlet and outlet of Byblus factory and Anahita factory in Ahvaz city. Materials
and Methods: Fourteen samples of Karun river water at the inlet of Ahvaz WTP2 and its outlet water after the water treatment
process and waters of inlet and outlet of Byblus factory and Anahita factory were collected during five months (September 2013,
and January - April 2014). Samples were taken fourteen times, each time; five, one - liter samples were collected. The samples
were mixed and one liter composite sample was isolated and transported to laboratory. The collected samples were filtered
through filter paper (0.45 μm). For their fixation and protection, nitric acid was added and the pH was adjusted at≤2. All samples
were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results & Discussion: According to the results, the highest and lowest mean concentration of
Vanadium 14.22 and 6.17 ppb in Water inlet the water treatment plant NO (2) of Ahvaz and water at outlet from Anahita factory.
The mean concentration of selenium because of the lower limit (0.1 ppb) was not measured with ICP-MS. Conclusion: The results
showed that the purification process causes reduction in content of metals in water.
Keywords: Karun River, Selenium, Vanadium, Water Treatment Plant, ICP-MS.
This document provides an overview of environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemical pollutants. ERA determines or predicts the negative impact of chemicals on the aquatic environment. It involves estimating the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of chemicals and comparing it to the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) to calculate the risk quotient. PEC is estimated through exposure assessment, while PNEC is derived through effects assessment using toxicity data from multiple species. The European Union System for Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is a tool that can be used to conduct a comprehensive ERA.
The document discusses the use of passive sampling devices, specifically the Chemcatcher®, to monitor pollutants in water systems. It notes that passive samplers can provide time-weighted average concentrations over time rather than just snapshots. The Chemcatcher® is introduced as a three-part passive sampler that uses receiving phases like disks to sequester pollutants. Examples of using the Chemcatcher® to detect spikes in pollutants are provided from the UK and India. Future work is proposed to further evaluate the Chemcatcher®'s potential for monitoring and identifying pollution sources in India.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine – Volume 14PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly compendium of recent applications, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face today. Our e-zine covers a broad range of applications within various industries – all accessible online at your convenience.
This document summarizes a study evaluating the treatability of pharmaceuticals, PAHs, and pesticides during wet and dry weather flows at a wastewater treatment plant. During wet weather, higher masses of some pharmaceuticals and PAHs entered the plant, but significant reductions still occurred in secondary treatment. Hydraulic retention times and flow variations are being examined to further understand treatability. The document provides background on the targeted contaminants and describes their properties like solubility and sorption coefficients that influence treatability. It also describes the study site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Environmental risk assessment of Macabalan creek water in Cagayan de Oro, Phi...Innspub Net
Creek water carries both domestic and commercial wastewater consequently draining organic and inorganic pollutants to coastal water. The present study dealt on the environmental risk assessment of creek water stretching in Macabalan-Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Selected physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried in both temporal and spatial variations. Risk quotient (RQ), water quality index (WQI), and brine shrimp lethality test (BSL) was employed to draw environmental risk estimate. Overall, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were below the standard set regardless of temporal and spatial variations. Both RQ and WQI showed good statuses on creek water quality despite the low DO. The BSLT similarly indicated a higher concentration for LC50 to be established. The study was preliminary and further monitoring may be essential.
Environmental risk assessment of Macabalan creek water in Cagayan de Oro, Phi...Innspub Net
Creek water carries both domestic and commercial wastewater consequently draining organic and inorganic pollutants to coastal water. The present study dealt on the environmental risk assessment of creek water stretching in Macabalan-Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Selected physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried in both temporal and spatial variations. Risk quotient (RQ), water quality index (WQI), and brine shrimp lethality test (BSL) was employed to draw environmental risk estimate. Overall, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were below the standard set regardless of temporal and spatial variations. Both RQ and WQI showed good statuses on creek water quality despite the low DO. The BSLT similarly indicated a higher concentration for LC50 to be established. The study was preliminary and further monitoring may be essential.
Get full text at: https://goo.gl/WbzTt1
Similar to Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine Environmental Special Edition - Volume 1 (20)
O documento discute o uso do kit PlGF 1-2-3 da PerkinElmer para triagem da pré-eclâmpsia. O kit permite identificar mulheres com alto risco de pré-eclâmpsia no primeiro trimestre de forma sensível. Quando usado em conjunto com outros fatores, como histórico médico e pressão arterial, pode prever até 88% dos casos de pré-eclâmpsia precoce. O documento também descreve como o tratamento precoce com aspirina em mulheres de alto risco identificadas pela triagem pode reduzir significativamente os casos de pré-
O documento descreve o novo instrumento chemagic Prime, uma solução automatizada para extração de DNA e RNA de amostras humanas. Ele usa esferas magnéticas em vez de placas para separar ácidos nucleicos de forma mais pura e intacta, reduzindo o risco de contaminação. O instrumento fornece extração de alta qualidade de DNA e RNA de várias amostras, como sangue total e tecidos, para aplicações como NGS, genotipagem e PCR.
Por que a triagem para SCID?
A Imunodeficiência combinada grave (SCID) é um grupo de distúrbios caracterizados por um defeito grave na produção e no funcionamento da célula. Normalmente, bebês com SCID falecerão por infecções antes de um ano de idade, a menos que o sistema imunológico do bebê seja restaurado através de tratamento [1].
Solução com marca CE para triagem SCID
A PerkinElmer tem orgulho em apresentar o primeiro ensaio comercial para triagem de TREC. O ensaio faz parte de um sistema completo, com marca CE para garantir o uso seguro e eficaz como um auxiliar na triagem de SCID.
A União Europeia está considerando novas regras para veículos autônomos. As regras propostas exigiriam que os fabricantes de veículos autônomos assumam mais responsabilidade por acidentes e garantam que os sistemas de direção sejam projetados para proteger os pedestres e ciclistas. A Comissão Europeia espera que as novas regras ajudem a promover o desenvolvimento seguro de veículos autônomos na UE.
O cromatógrafo a gás/espectrômetro de massas (GC/MS) portátil Torion® T-9 da PerkinElmer traz novo significado à portabilidade. Pesando apenas 14,5 quilos, este GC/MS também é rápido, confiável e de fácil utilização.
O documento descreve os sistemas Clarus 590/690 GC da Agilent e como eles, juntamente com o software TotalChrom e soluções prontas, podem melhorar a produtividade dos laboratórios ao fornecer recursos fáceis de usar, interface intuitiva de tela sensível ao toque e métodos pré-configurados para aplicações comuns.
A PerkinElmer apresenta uma plataforma automatizada para transferência de líquidos que oferece reprodutibilidade, redução de erros e operação sem necessidade de supervisão contínua. A plataforma possui diferentes tamanhos e configurações para atender às necessidades dos clientes e recursos como seringas, ponteiras descartáveis e software para criação e execução de protocolos de forma simples.
Como a PerkinElmer contribui para diagnósticos mais rápidos?PerkinElmer, Inc.
Uma doença detectada precocemente, pode acelerar a inicialização de tratamentos eficazes, que mudarão a história de vida de crianças portadoras de doenças raras e, de seu núcleo familiar.
Como a PerkinElmer contribui para diagnósticos mais rápidos?PerkinElmer, Inc.
Uma doença detectada precocemente, pode acelerar a inicialização de tratamentos eficazes, que mudarão a história de vida de crianças portadoras de doenças raras e, de seu núcleo familiar.
O documento discute Pré-eclâmpsia, uma condição grave na gravidez caracterizada por pressão arterial elevada que pode ocorrer rapidamente e colocar em risco a vida da mãe e do bebê. A Pré-eclâmpsia afeta 8-10% das gestantes e é uma das principais causas de morte materna e infantil no mundo. Sintomas incluem forte dor de cabeça, dificuldade para respirar, náuseas, alterações de visão, inchaço e ganho de peso rápido. O tratamento precoce com baix
Mais do que nunca, tornou uma premissa para os produtores de carnes, Frigoríficos e Laboratórios, garantirem a segurança e a qualidade dos alimentos que produzem.
Saiba como o DA 7250 pode te ajudar a garantir todos os certificados de segurança e qualidade.
Os kits NEXTflexTM da PerkinElmer fornecem soluções completas para a preparação de bibliotecas para sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS), com protocolos rápidos, alta sensibilidade, flexibilidade e qualidade superior de dados. Os kits estão disponíveis para diversas aplicações como sequenciamento de amplicons de BRCA1 e BRCA2 e RNA pequeno.
O documento descreve o LabChip® GX Touch, uma plataforma de alta tecnologia que integra a praticidade de um sistema de simples operação ao toque dos dedos. O sistema permite realizar análises de eletroforese em chip em questão de segundos, substituindo a tradicional eletroforese em gel. O usuário prepara rapidamente a amostra no chip e obtém resultados qualitativos e quantitativos de DNA ou RNA de forma automática e precisa.
Analysis of Trace Elements in Fertilizer with AVIO 200 ICP-OESPerkinElmer, Inc.
This document summarizes the ability of the Avio 200 ICP-OES to accurately analyze trace elements in fertilizers at levels below Thailand's regulatory limits. Reference materials were digested and analyzed to validate the method. Results for the reference materials showed recoveries within 10% of certified values. Detection limits for the analytes were all below the corresponding regulatory levels in Thailand. The method demonstrated the Avio 200 ICP-OES can accurately measure nutrients and trace elements in fertilizers.
Analysis of Impurities in Semiconductor-Grade Hydrochloric Acid with the NexI...PerkinElmer, Inc.
This document discusses the analysis of impurities in semiconductor-grade hydrochloric acid (HCl) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). HCl is commonly used to clean silicon wafers during semiconductor production, and increasingly stringent purity standards are required. ICP-MS provides the necessary low detection limits for trace metal analysis down to parts-per-trillion levels. However, polyatomic interferences from argon, oxygen, and hydrogen ions must be addressed. The PerkinElmer NexION 2000 ICP-MS uses reaction, cool plasma, and quadrupole modes to remove interferences and achieve detection limits below 1 ng/L for most elements, allowing accurate analysis of impurities in
New Research Evaluating Cisplatin Uptake in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Single Ce...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Application Note
Authors:
Lauren Amable
National Institute on Minority Health and
Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
Stan Smith
Chady Stephan
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT
O documento descreve o cromatógrafo gasoso PerkinElmer Clarus All-In-One, que possui um gerador de gases hidrogênio e ar sintético integrado, eliminando a necessidade de instalação de linhas de gases caras ou centrais de armazenamento de cilindros. O sistema possui manutenção simplificada, tela sensível ao toque, regeneração automática do secador a frio e modo stand-by automático controlado por sensor de hidrogênio.
High Quality DNA Isolation Suitable for Ultra Rapid SequencingPerkinElmer, Inc.
1) Modifications were made to decrease the time for whole genome sequencing (WGS) including faster DNA isolation, optimized sample preparation, sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
2) DNA isolation using the chemagic MSM I instrument was optimized to isolate DNA from 24 blood samples in 1.5 hours, yielding 40 μg/mL of high quality DNA suitable for sequencing.
3) Sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 was modified for ultra rapid runs, taking approximately 20 hours to sequence a genome to 40x coverage while maintaining over 90% of bases above Q30. Alignment and variant detection using Isaac software took less than 3.5 hours.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
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GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
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Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine Environmental Special Edition - Volume 1
1. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
SPOTLIGHT
ON APPLICATIONS.
FOR A BETTER
TOMORROW.
SPECIAL EDITION – ENVIRONMENTAL
VOLUME 1
2. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
INTRODUCTION
PerkinElmer Spotlight on Applications e-Zine –
Environmental Special Edition
Welcome to our Spotlight on Applications e-zine. Whether you’ve experienced
Spotlight on Applications in the past or are hearing about it for the first time, we
want to share with you this special edition, dedicated to recent application releases
within Environmental Testing.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly e-zine compendium, delivering a variety
of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face
in your application areas today.
This Special Edition features a broad range of applications within Water, Air, and
Soil/Hazardous Waste Testing, which you will be able to access at your convenience.
Each application in the table of contents includes an embedded link which takes you
directly to the appropriate page within the e-zine.
We invite you to explore, enjoy and learn!
And don’t miss out – if you subscribe, you will automatically receive new volumes
as they are released.
Be sure to receive future
issues by subscribing here.
PerkinElmer
3. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Water Testing – Inorganic Contaminants
• The Analysis of Drinking Waters by U.S. EPA Method 200.8 Using the NexION 300X ICP-MS in Standard and Collision Modes
• Benefits of NexION 300 ICP-MS Technology for the Analysis of Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewaters
• Environmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
• NexION 300 ICP-MS at South West Water – Driving Productivity and Increasing the Speed of Analysis
• Analysis of NIST® Gold Nanoparticles Reference Materials Using the NexION 300 ICP-MS in Single Particle Mode
• olorado School of Mines Uses a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to Obtain a Better Understanding of the Environmental Impact
C
of Engineered Nanomaterials
• race Metals in Waters by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, in Accordance with U.S. EPA and Health
T
Canada Requirements
• Determination of Arsenic, Selenium and Mercury in Waters by Hydride Generation/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Water Testing – Organic Contaminants
• he Determination of Low Level Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in Drinking Water by Headspace Trap-GC/MS
T
• mproved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile Organic
I
Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
• Determination of Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples with Spectrum Two
• Methane, Ethylene, and Ethane in Water by Headspace-Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection
• Atrazine in Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in River Water Samples by UHPLC-TOF
• Personal Care Products in River Water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• Carbamates in river water by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
Air Testing
• Ozone Precursor Analysis Using a Thermal Desorption-GC System
Soil Hazardous Waste Testing
• Insecticide on Mosquito Nets by Direct Sample Analysis-TOF MS
• nvironmental Resource Associates adds a NexION 300Q ICP-MS to its Inorganic Proficiency Testing Process
E
• mproved Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS System for U.S. EPA Method 8270D Semi-Volatile
I
Organic Compound Analysis
• U.S. EPA Method 8260C by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry using the Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
PerkinElmer
4. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D.
Senior ICP-MS Application Scientist
Water Testing –
Cynthia P. Bosnak
Senior Product Specialist
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
The Analysis of Drinking Introduction
Method 200.8 is a well-established method
Waters by U.S. EPA Method promulgated by the U.S. Environmental
200.8 Using the NexION 300X Protection Agency (EPA) for the analysis of
ground waters, surface waters, drinking
ICP-MS in Standard and waters, and wastewaters by inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Collision Modes The method was first published in 1990
to support the National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWR), which specified
maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for 12 primary elemental contaminants in
public water systems as part of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1986.
There have been many iterations of Method 200.8, including the addition
Air Testing
of 9 secondary contaminants under the National Secondary Drinking Water
Regulations (NSDWR). These 21 elements, along with suggested analytical
masses, are shown in Table 1. The version in use today is Revision 5.4 of the
Method, which was approved for drinking water in 1994 and became effective
in January, 1995.3 In addition, Method 200.8 was also recommended in 1992
for the monitoring of wastewaters under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to control the discharge of pollutants
into navigable water systems, as part of the amended Clean Water Act (CWA)
of 1977.4 It was approved on a nation-wide basis for this matrix in 2007.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
Download Entire Application Note
5. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Stan Smith
Water Testing –
Ewa Pruszkowski, Ph.D.
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Benefits of NexION 300
Water Testing –
Introduction
ICP-MS Technology for One of the most widely used technologies
for removing pollutants, such as sulfur
the Analysis of Power Plant dioxide, from flue gas emissions produced
Flue Gas Desulfurization by coal-fired power plants, is the
limestone-forced oxidation scrubbing
Wastewaters system. More commonly known as flue
gas desulfurization (FGD), this process
employs gas scrubbers to spray limestone
slurry over the flue gas to convert gaseous sulfur dioxide to calcium sulfate.1
Unfortunately, many of the contaminants from the coal, limestone and make-up
water are concentrated in the circulating water of the scrubbing system. So in
order to maintain appropriate plant operating conditions, a constant purge stream
Air Testing
of water containing these contaminants has to be discharged from the scrubbers
while fresh limestone slurry is fed in. This purge stream is extremely acidic and
saturated with high concentrations of gypsum, heavy metals, alkali earth metals,
chlorides and dissolved organic compounds. A schematic of a typical FGD process
is shown in Figure 1.
flue gas exhaust
slurry sprayers various treatment procedures
wastewater
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
gypsum cake
flue gas inlet
treated effluent
limestone slurry dewatering to discharge
slurry inlet purge vacuum belt
air injection
Figure 1. The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process.
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6. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
Environmental
study
Inorganic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Environmental Resource
Associates (ERA) adds Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means
a NexION 300Q to its of evaluating a laboratory's performance under
controlled conditions relative to a given set
Inorganic Proficiency of criteria through the analysis of unknown
samples provided by an external source. Many
Testing Process organizations that manage proficiency-testing
studies are also responsible for producing the
certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-
Air Testing
terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of
analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating
accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers
of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in
the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe.
However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing
organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and
QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.
One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and
pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters
Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-
mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its
reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination
Download Entire Application Note
Download Entire Case Study
7. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
study Environmental
Inorganic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Driving Productivity
and Increasing the South West Water is
responsible for maintaining
Speed of Analysis and monitoring the quality
of drinking and bathing
Air Testing
waters and the sewage
system network in a region of England. They do this effectively through a
central analytical facility. In early 2010, as part of the rolling replacement
programme, the ICP-MS instrument was identified as due for renewal. The
analytical team were looking for an instrument that could be relied upon to
have minimum downtime and be a workhorse for high sample throughput;
but also offer flexibility to adapt to changing business requirements and
complete investigative work if required. After the evaluation of the top three
suppliers, the NexION® 300 ICP-MS from PerkinElmer was selected. The
flexibility offered by NexION having both a collision and dynamic reaction
cell ensures that the lab is future proofed. Being fully prepared to handle
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
any changes in sample matrices and still benefit from sensitive, reproducible
results day in day out.
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8. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
application note
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Chady Stephan, Ph.D.
Water Testing –
Aaron Hineman
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Woodbridge, Ontario CAN
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Analysis of NIST Gold ® Introduction
Engineered nanomaterials (ENs) refer
Nanoparticles Reference to the process of producing and/or
controlling materials that have at least
Materials Using the one dimension in the size range of 1 to
100 nm. They often possess different
NexION 300 ICP-MS properties compared to bulk materials
of the same composition, making them
in Single Particle Mode of great interest to a broad spectrum of
industrial and commercial applications.
Air Testing
Recent studies have shown that some nanoparticles may be harmful to
humans. A 2009 study in the Journal of Nanoparticle Research showed that
zinc oxide nanoparticles were toxic to human lung cells in lab tests even at low
concentrations (Weisheng et al., 2009).1 Other studies have shown that tiny
silver particles (15 nanometers) killed liver and brain cells in laboratory rats. At
the nano scale, particles are more chemically reactive and bioactive, allowing
them to easily penetrate organs and cells (Braydich-Stolle et. al., 2005).2
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
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9. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
ICP-Mass Spectrometry
study
Inorganic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Colorado School of Mines
Uses a NexION 300Q There is an unprecedented amount of scientific
Air Testing
research going on today dedicated to the study
ICP-MS to Obtain a Better of a world so small, we cannot see it even
with a conventional microscope. That world
Understanding of the is the field of nanotechnology – the realm of
atoms and nanostructures. But what actually is
Environmental Impact of nanotechnology? The National Nanotechnology
Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as the study
Engineered Nanomaterials of materials with dimensions 100 nm, where
unique properties enable novel applications to
be carried out. For example, gases, liquids, and
solids can exhibit unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale
level, differing in critical ways from the properties of the bulk materials. Nanomaterials Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
occur in nature, such as clay minerals and humic acids, but they can also be produced
by human activity such as diesel emissions, or welding fumes. In addition, nanomaterials
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10. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Atomic Absorption
Author:
Inorganic Contaminants
Randy L. Hergenreder
Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Trace Metals in Introduction
Several trace elements are recognized as toxic or
Waters by GFAAS, carcinogenic and are regulated in drinking water
by various environmental agencies worldwide.
in Accordance with The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)
Safe Drinking Water Act includes maximum levels
U.S. EPA and Health permitted in drinking water for the elements arsenic
(As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and
Canada Requirements thallium (Tl). The World Health Organization
(WHO) and Health Canada also have limits on
these elements in drinking water (Table 1). Water
contamination sources can range from naturally occurring deposits exposed from erosion,
to agriculture and industrial discharges. There can also be direct contamination from: Pb
used in plumbing fixtures, Cd found in galvanized pipes, and electronics manufacturing
Air Testing
discharges for Tl.
Precise and accurate measurements at the regulated levels are an important factor
for assuring safe drinking water. U.S. EPA Method 200.91 is the method cited by EPA,
Health Canada, and the WHO for the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
(GFAAS). In evaluating a GFAAS system for determination of these elements, it must
provide good sensitivity, low noise, limited drift, and accuracy in matrices with high salt
content (hard water) that might be found in drinking waters. In this work, the PinAAcle™
900T, with a unique optical system, is evaluated for the use of EPA Method 200.9 for
As, Cd, Pb, Se, and Tl in drinking waters.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
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11. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Atomic Absorption
Author
Inorganic Contaminants
Aaron Hineman
Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Ontario, Canada
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Determination of As, Introduction
Contamination of industrial and municipal water
Se and Hg in Waters by supplies with arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and mercury
(Hg) can occur from natural deposits, industrial
Hydride Generation/ discharge, runoff from mining, landfill and agricultural
operations. Consumption of contaminated water can
Cold Vapor Atomic cause skin damage (As), kidney and nervous system
damage (Hg) and numbness in the fingers and toes
Absorption Spectroscopy (Se).1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the
Environment (CCME) have guidelines on the concen-
tration of As, Se and Hg for the protection of marine
and freshwater aquatic life and the protection of agriculture.1,2 Due to the low levels of
Air Testing
these guidelines for As, Se, and Hg, it is important to have analytical measurements that are
precise and accurate with low amounts of noise.
Hydride generation (HG) is a very effective analytical technique developed to separate
hydride forming metals, such as Se and As, from a range of matrices and varying acid
concentrations. The heated quartz tube atomizer is particularly useful for the determination
of arsenic and selenium because the absorption wavelengths for these elements are below
200 nm in an area subject to intense interference from flame radicals that can significantly
affect detection limits. Mercury can be easily reduced in solution to generate elemental
mercury, otherwise known as cold vapor (CV). This technique is also effective at separating
mercury from a range of matrices. These analytical techniques can improve detection limits
by a factor of approximately 3000 times that of flame detection limits and typically have less Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
interference than graphite furnace techniques.
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12. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Author
Inorganic Contaminants
Lee Marotta
Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
The Determination of Introduction
BTEX is a grouping of structurally similar
Low Level Benzene, volatile organic compounds including
benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the
Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, three xylene isomers. These compounds
are known pollutants and are typically
and Xylenes (BTEX) found near petroleum production and
storage sites. BTEX are regulated toxic
in Drinking Water by compounds while benzene is also an EPA
target carcinogen. The investigation of
Headspace Trap GC/MS these compounds, especially in drinking
water at low levels, is critical to protect
Air Testing
public health. This application note focuses
on exceeding the current EPA detection limit requirement for BTEX while meeting
and/or exceeding all other criteria in EPA method 524.2 for these analytes.
Instrumentation
A PerkinElmer® TurboMatrix™ Headspace (HS) sample handling system was used
to volatilize and concentrate BTEX in water samples. To enhance detection limits, an
inline trap was employed, which focused these analytes prior to injection onto
the analytical column. A PerkinElmer Clarus® SQ 8S Gas Chromatograph Mass
Spectrometer (GC/MS) configured with the standard capacity turbo molecular pump
Soil Hazardous
was the analytical system used.
Waste Testing
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13. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Yury Kaplan
Water Testing –
Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Improved Sensitivity Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection
and Dynamic Range Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas
Using the Clarus SQ 8 Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging
GC/MS System for method employed in nearly all commercial
environmental laboratories. The analysis
EPA Method 8270D focuses on the detection of trace level
semi-volatile organic compounds in
Semi-Volatile Organic extracts from solid waste matrices, soils,
air sampling media and water samples.
Compound Analysis The method lists over 200 compounds
Air Testing
however a majority of laboratories target
between 60 and 90 for most analyses.
The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements
but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands.
An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™
detector.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
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14. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Ruben Garnica
Dawn May
Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Method 8260C by Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile
Purge and Trap Gas Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography (GC/MS) is one of the most common
environmental applications for GC/MS.
Mass Spectrometry This method outlines the analysis of
volatile organic compounds in a variety
using the Clarus SQ 8 of solid waste matrices including vari-
ous air sampling trapping media, ground
and surface water, soils, and sediments
among others. The method requires not
Air Testing
only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence
but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction
both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and
describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.
Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode
with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar,
Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap
conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for
Soil Hazardous
the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.
Waste Testing
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15. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t E
FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Ben Perston
Water Testing –
Aniruddha Pisal
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Determination of Introduction
Organic Contaminants
The concentration of dispersed oil and grease in water is an important
Hydrocarbons in parameter for human and environmental health. Infrared spectroscopy has
Water Testing –
long been a standard method for detecting and quantifying hydrocarbon
Environmental contamination, particularly in water discharged during offshore oil operations.1
Samples with Recently, this analytical technique has enjoyed renewed interest and
application to a wider range of environmental samples and matrices, from
Spectrum Two cooling water, to soil in land reclamation, to drinking water; at the same
time, concern over the environmental impact of chlorofluorocarbon
solvents has led to the development of a number of alternative approaches
using less harmful solvents. This application note presents an overview of
three methods and a comparison of their performance:
1. Halogenated solvent extraction and transmission measurement (C–H
stretch modes), e.g. ASTM® D7066. This is the traditional approach, but
requires the use of relatively expensive solvents that may be harmful.
Air Testing
2. Hexane extraction and ATR measurement allows the use of an inexpensive
hydrocarbon solvent, but does not permit the measurement of volatile
contaminants.
3. Cyclohexane extraction and transmission measurement (1377 cm-1)
exploits a deformation mode that is not present in the spectra of
cycloalkanes (see Figure 1), and combines the simplicity of a transmission
measurement with a hydrocarbon solvent.2
All three of these methods are supported by the Spectrum Two
Environmental Hydrocarbons Analysis System (Figure 2), with the
appropriate sampling accessory. This note evaluates the three methods Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
and discusses their relative advantages.
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16. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Lee Marotta
Water Testing –
Dennis Yates
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Methane, Ethylene,
Water Testing –
Introduction
and Ethane in Water The rapid development of natural
by Headspace-Gas gas from unconventional sources in
North America has created an energy
Chromatography (HS-GC) “gold rush” not seen in contemporary
times. The advent of horizontal drilling
with Flame Ionization technologies and hydraulic fracturing has
made this production economical and
Detection (FID) presents an energy source of sufficient
magnitude that could last 100 years.
The technology presents a number of environmental challenges as the
wells are drilled vertically through aquifers on their way to the deep shale
Air Testing
deposits thousands of feet under the surface, and then turned horizontally
and drilled another several thousand feet through the shale deposit. Herein
lies the challenge: in the process of drilling the wells and preparing them for
production (including “fracking” to optimize production), opportunities arise
for contamination of the clean drinking water aquifers with methane and other
low molecular weight organics (e.g., propane and ethane). Correctly drilled and
cemented well bores should not be an issue, but any errors in engineering could
result in contamination.
It is also possible that methane already exists at a low concentration in the
aquifer from diffusion of the gas occurring naturally. There is a need (by
Soil Hazardous
property owner and lease holder) to confirm the level of gas in the aquifer
Waste Testing
before and during drilling, and also after the well is placed into production.
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18. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Liquid Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Author
Inorganic Contaminants
Sharanya Reddy
Water Testing –
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Analysis of Introduction
Identifying the presence of emerging
Pharmaceuticals and pollutants in surface water samples is a
growing area of concern in the environ-
Personal Care Products mental field.1,2 Many of these pollutants
are introduced into the surface waters
in River Water Samples anthropogenically through municipal
waste water. Among the emerging
by UHPLC-TOF pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs) have been detected
at parts per million and parts per trillion
concentrations in surface waters. The
presence of PPCPs suggests inefficient
Air Testing
removal of these compounds by current
sewage treatment processes.
We present a study of PPCPs in river water samples from the northeastern United
States using UHPLC-TOF-MS for both targeted and non-targeted analytes. Unlike
a triple quadrupole, which is operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode for
screening only predefined targeted analytes, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass
spectrometer provides full spectrum accurate mass data that can be used to
analyze and identify an unlimited number of compounds, without prior knowledge
of target analytes or when reference standards are not available. In this study
we show how high mass accuracy information provided by the PerkinElmer
AxION 2® TOF along with the priopriatory AxION EC ID software can be used to
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
identify unknown analytes in surface river waters.
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21. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
White
paper Gas Chromatography
Inorganic Contaminants
Authors
Water Testing –
Graham Broadway
Andrew Tipler
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Ozone Precursor
Analysis Using a
Organic Contaminants
In the United States, the Clean Air Act of 1970 gave the U.S. Environmental
Water Testing –
Thermal Desorption- Protection Agency (EPA) responsibility for maintaining clean air for health and
welfare. Six parameters are measured routinely in ambient air: SOx, NOx, PM10
GC System (particulate matter less than 10 microns), Pb, CO and ozone. In the 1990
Clean Air Act Amendments, Title 1 expanded the measurements in air to
include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to the formation
of ground-level ozone. These parameters are measured in urban areas that do not meet the attainment goals for
ozone, as shown in Figure 1. These measurements are implemented through a program known as Photochemical
Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS).
This program has been in place in the U.S. for a
number of years, and in 2008 the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ground-Level
Ozone was reduced to 0.075 ppm for an 8-hour
period.1 The U.S. EPA predicts that a large number
Air Testing
of counties will violate the 2008 standard2 (Figure 1).
Similar recommendations have also been made in
Europe. Following the 1992 Ozone Directive and United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s protocol on
controlling VOC emissions, a European ozone precursor
priority list was established by Kotzias et al.3 and
subsequently modified by the EC 2002/3/CE directive.
Figure 1. Areas expected to violate the 2008 Ozone Standard.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
Download Entire White Paper
23. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Case
Environmental
study
Inorganic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Environmental Resource
Associates (ERA) adds Proficiency testing (PT) is defined as a means
a NexION 300Q to its of evaluating a laboratory's performance under
controlled conditions relative to a given set
Inorganic Proficiency of criteria through the analysis of unknown
samples provided by an external source. Many
Testing Process organizations that manage proficiency-testing
studies are also responsible for producing the
certified reference materials (CRMs) and quality
control (QC) standards that support validation of the testing methodology. The charac-
Air Testing
terization and certification of these kinds of materials requires an extremely high level of
analytical expertise, together with instrumental techniques that are capable of generating
accuracy and precision data of the highest caliber. Two of the most well-known suppliers
of reference materials include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST®) in
the U.S. and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Europe.
However, even though they offer a diverse range of standards, many proficiency-testing
organizations produce their own unique, matrix-specific certified reference materials and
QC standards that can be traced back to NIST® and IRMM sources.
One of the most well-respected proficiency testing providers that serve the environmental and
pharmaceutical markets is Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), a division of Waters
Corporation based in Arvada, Colorado. In operation since 1978, ERA has become the
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
largest supplier of proficiency-testing studies and certified reference materials for environ-
mental laboratories in North America. It has not become the market leader by accident. Its
reputation over the past 33 years is based on knowledge and expertise in the determination
Download Entire Case Study
24. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Yury Kaplan
Water Testing –
Ruben Garnica
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT 06484 USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Improved Sensitivity Introduction
U.S. Environmental Protection
and Dynamic Range Agency (EPA) Method 8270D – Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas
Using the Clarus SQ 8 Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) – is a common and wide ranging
GC/MS System for method employed in nearly all commercial
environmental laboratories. The analysis
EPA Method 8270D focuses on the detection of trace level
semi-volatile organic compounds in
Semi-Volatile Organic extracts from solid waste matrices, soils,
air sampling media and water samples.
Compound Analysis The method lists over 200 compounds
Air Testing
however a majority of laboratories target
between 60 and 90 for most analyses.
The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements
but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands.
An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi™
detector.
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
Download Entire Application Note
25. CONTENTS
TABLE OF
a p p l i c at i o n n o t e
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry
Authors
Inorganic Contaminants
Ruben Garnica
Water Testing –
Dawn May
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Shelton, CT USA
Organic Contaminants
Water Testing –
Method 8260C by Introduction
U.S. EPA Method 8260C – Volatile
Purge and Trap Gas Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography (GC/MS) is one of the most common
environmental applications for GC/MS.
Mass Spectrometry This method outlines the analysis of
volatile organic compounds in a variety
using the Clarus SQ 8 of solid waste matrices including vari-
ous air sampling trapping media, ground
and surface water, soils, and sediments
among others. The method requires not
Air Testing
only demonstration of laboratory sample preparation and handling competence
but instrument performance as well. The study presented here demonstrates
the PerkinElmer® Clarus® SQ 8 GC/MS with purge and trap sample introduction
both meets and exceeds the performance criteria set out in method 8260C and
describes the analytical results and instrumental methodology.
Experimental
The PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8C GC/MS operating in electron ionization mode
with an Atomx purge and trap sample introduction system (Teledyne Tekmar,
Mason, OH) was used to perform these experiments. The purge and trap
conditions are presented in Table 1 and represent standard conditions for
Soil Hazardous
Waste Testing
the analysis of method of VOCs by EPA Method 8260C.
Download Entire Application Note