The document summarizes the peripheral nerves of the lower limb, focusing on the sciatic nerve and its branches. It discusses:
1) The sciatic nerve emerges from the sacral plexus and leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen. It divides in the popliteal fossa into the tibial and common peroneal nerves.
2) The common peroneal nerve divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves. The superficial nerve innervates muscles that cause ankle eversion while the deep nerve innervates muscles that cause dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes.
3) Injuries to the sciatic, common peroneal, and deep per
The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the human body. It runs from the lower back through the back of the leg, and down to the toes. Any type of pain and/or neurological symptoms that are felt along the sciatic nerve is referred to as sciatica.
The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the human body. It runs from the lower back through the back of the leg, and down to the toes. Any type of pain and/or neurological symptoms that are felt along the sciatic nerve is referred to as sciatica.
Anterior compartment of leg and Dorsum of foot CIMS
introduction about leg and four how we can differentiate , cutaneous innervation and in the contents like muscles with its blood supply nerve supply and finally will be appplied regarding topic
This lecture give us an understanding about the pathway of the peripheral nerves that emerges from the brachial and cervical plexus. I also discuss about the motor and cutaneous innervation from these nerves and also some condition relate to peripheral nerve injury.
The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4). The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Anterior compartment of leg and Dorsum of foot CIMS
introduction about leg and four how we can differentiate , cutaneous innervation and in the contents like muscles with its blood supply nerve supply and finally will be appplied regarding topic
This lecture give us an understanding about the pathway of the peripheral nerves that emerges from the brachial and cervical plexus. I also discuss about the motor and cutaneous innervation from these nerves and also some condition relate to peripheral nerve injury.
The sacral plexus is a network of nerves formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and sacral spinal nerves (S1 - S4). The sacral plexus is located on the posterior pelvic wall, posterior to the internal iliac vessels and ureter, and anterior to the piriformis muscle.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. SCIATIC NERVE PROPER
The sciatic nerve, a mixed nerve the largest in the body, derives from the
fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second ,third sacral spinal
segments.
It emerges from the sacral plexus and leaves the pelvis through the
greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle (infrapiriform
foramen).
3. The nerve then curves laterally and
downward beneath the gluteus
maximus muscle;
in the posterior aspect of the thigh, it
innervates the
semitendinosus (L4–S2),
semimembranosus (L4–S2),
and biceps femoris nL4–S2) muscles
(i.e., the hamstring muscles, which are
flexors of the knee joint) and
the adductor magnus (L2–L4) muscle,
an adductor of the thigh (which is also
supplied by the obturator nerve
4. SOMATOTROPIC ORGANIZATION :
Fascicular arrangement in cross sec. of sciatic nerve through its entire
course :
Fascicles emerging from L5 root = anterolateral position.
Fascicles emerging from S1 root = posteromedial position.
5. In the popliteal fossa, it divides into
its two terminal branches,
1. the tibial (medial popliteal)
nerve (L4–S3)
2.common peroneal (lateral
popliteal) nerve
(L4–S2).
6. Common Peroneal (Fibular) nerve.
Course:
The common peroneal nerve leaves the popliteal fossa &
turns around neck of fibula. Then divides into:
1. Superficial peroneal nerve
to supply the Lateral compartment of the leg.
2. Deep peroneal nerve
to supply the Anterior compartment of the leg
7.
8. Superficial peroneal N.
Muscles supplied : peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
- Cause Ankle eversion
Sensation: skin of the lower 1/3 rd of lateral
aspect of the leg and dorsum of the foot except
first web space.
9. Deep peroneal N.
Branches out from common peroneal and goes
medially into the anterior compartment of the leg.
Muscles:
-Tibialis anterior
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Extensor Digitorum Brevis
- Peroneus Tertius
These help in dorsiflexion of ankle and toes
Sensory: web space between 1st and 2nd toes
10. Lesions of the Sciatic Nerve Proper
The sciatic nerve is frequently damaged in the sacral plexus, the pelvis, the
gluteal region, or at the sciatic notch.
Nerve injury may occur with
fracture dislocation of the hip with apophyseal avulsion fracture
after penetrating injury
after pelvic cancer or hip joint surgery
with infections (e.g., herpes simplex or zoster),
after radiation therapy , with gluteal hemorrhage,
or after intramuscular injection
11. As the sciatic nerve is composed of two nerve trunks, medial and lateral, which
become the tibial and peroneal nerves, respectively,
partial sciatic lesions may differentially involve these trunks and thereby cause
misleading localization deficits.
Sciatic neuropathies can therefore be mistaken clinically for more distal
neuropathies, especially common peroneal neuropathies or, less often, tibial
neuropathies
In general, sciatic lesions tend to affect the peroneal division more than the tibial
division in about 75% of cases
12. Named sciatic neuropathies
The piriformis syndrome is an entrapment syndrome - greater sciatic notch include pressure by
a wallet (credit-card–wallet sciatica)
by coins in a back pocket (car toll neuropathy)
The sciatic nerve may also be compressed in the thigh as a consequence of yoga (lotus foot
drop)
injured by compression against an underlying prominent lesser trochanter or even damaged
because of toilet seat entrapment (toilet seat sciatic neuropathy)
A woman with profound bilateral lower extremity weakness and sensory abnormality after
falling asleep
in the head-to-knees yoga position (also called Paschi mottanasana) has also been
described (another form of yoga neuropathy)
13. PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME
Entrapment syndrome of sciatic
nerve through greater
sciatic notch.
Buttocks tenderness, leg pain
aggravated by internal
rotation of flexed leg, sciatia
noted.
14. Lesions of the Common Peroneal Nerve
1. Lesions at the fibular head
Motor-With common peroneal neuropathies,, there is paresis or paralysis of toe
and foot dorsiflexion and of foot eversion.
Sensory -A variable sensory disturbance affects the entire dorsum of the foot
and toes and the lateral distal portion of the lower leg.
2. The anterior tibial (deep peroneal) nerve syndrome.
This nerve may be injured in isolation at the fibular head or more distally in the leg.
motor deficit (paresis or paralysis of toe and foot dorsiflexion);
sensory deficit is limited to the web of skin located between the first and second toes
15. 3.The superficial peroneal nerve syndrome.
The superficial peroneal nerve may be affected in isolation by
lesions at the fibular head or by lesions more distally in the leg.
motor Paresis and atrophy of the peronei (foot eversion)
sensory disturbance affecting the skin of the lateral distal portion
of the lower leg and dorsum of the foot are present
16. ROOT SITE MUSCLES SENSORY AREA ETIOLOGY
L4 – S2 Common peroneal
nerve at fibular head
Tibilais ant, EHL ,
EDL , EDB ,
peroneus longus ,
brevis.
Skin on lateral
distal portion of
lower limb and
dorsum of foot ,
toes.
Traumatic , nerve infarct , casts,
ganglion , baker cyst,
hematoma, tumour, leprosy.
Deep peroneal nerve at
fibular head / distally
Tibialis ant , EHL,
EDL,EDB
Web of skin
located between
1st – 2nd toes.
Compression , trauma,
thrombosis of crural veins,
occlusion ant.tibial artery
Deep peroneal nerve at
anterior tarsal tunnel
EDB Web of skin
located between
1st – 2nd toes.
Ankle fracture , dislocations ,
sprains, ankle inversion injury.
Superficial peroneal
nerve at fibular head
Peroneus longus ,
brevis.
Skin of lateral
distal portion of
leg , dorsum of
foot .
Compressive lesions , trauma.