The document discusses the history and development of the periodic table. It explains that in 1871, Mendeleev arranged elements based on increasing atomic mass and similar properties. In 1913, Moseley arranged elements based on increasing atomic number. The rest of the document discusses periodic trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and reactivity based on an element's position in the periodic table. These trends help explain similarities in chemical and physical properties of elements within the same group.
For educational purposes only. No copyright intended to use the material. Credited the owner of the ppt. This is only for reference for the topic of Grade 8 Science in TNHS 2023-2024
In this ppt my aim is to show you that about periodic trend ,periodic laws ,metal nonmetal & metalloids ,periodic table,valence electrons ,vb theory & About atomic radius,size etc and about types of bonds ,types of enthalpy ,formation of electrons,rules and many more
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
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For educational purposes only. No copyright intended to use the material. Credited the owner of the ppt. This is only for reference for the topic of Grade 8 Science in TNHS 2023-2024
In this ppt my aim is to show you that about periodic trend ,periodic laws ,metal nonmetal & metalloids ,periodic table,valence electrons ,vb theory & About atomic radius,size etc and about types of bonds ,types of enthalpy ,formation of electrons,rules and many more
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
PPT will cover all the history of periodic table and periodic properties of elements and their trends as well as Oxides, Halides, Hydrides and Position of Hydrogen
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. History of the Periodic Table
• 1871 – Mendeleev arranged the elements according
to: 1. Increasing atomic mass 2. Elements w/
similar properties were put in the same row.
• 1913 – Moseley arranged the elements according to:
1. Increasing atomic number 2. Elements w/
similar properties were put in the same column.
6. Periodic Table & Electron Configuration
Behold!
The Pattern to the Periodic Chart
7. Periodic Groups
• Elements in the same column have similar
chemical and physical properties.
• These similarities are observed because
elements in a column have similar e-
configurations (same amount of electrons in
outermost shell).
9. Periodic Trends
• Trends we’ll be looking at:
1. Atomic Radius and Ionic Radius
2. Ionization Energy
3. Electronegativity
4. Reactivity
5. Metallic Character
10. Atomic Radius
• Atomic Radius –
size of an atom
(distance from
nucleus to
outermost e-).
11. Atomic Radius Trend
• Group Trend – As you go down a column, atomic
radius increases.
As you go down, e- are filled into orbitals (energy
levels) that are farther away from the nucleus
(attraction not as strong).
• Periodic Trend – As you go across a period (L to R),
atomic radius decreases.
As you go L to R, e- are put into the same energy
level, but more p+ and e- total (more attraction =
smaller size).
13. Ionic Radius Trend
• Metals – lose e-, which means more p+ than e-
(more attraction) SO…
Ionic Radius < Neutral Atomic Radius
• Nonmetals – gain e-, which means more e- than p+
(not as much attraction) SO…
Ionic Radius > Neutral Atomic Radius
14. Ionic Radius Trend
• Group Trend – As you go down a column, atomic
radius increases.
• Periodic Trend – As you go across a period (L to R),
atomic radius decreases.
16. Ionization Energy
• Group Trend – As you go down a column, ionization
energy decreases.
As you go down, atomic size is increasing (less attraction),
so easier to remove an e-.
• Periodic Trend – As you go across a period (L to R),
ionization energy increases.
As you go L to R, atomic size is decreasing (more
attraction), so more difficult to remove an e-
(also, metals want to lose e-, but nonmetals do not).
17. How do electron configurations explain
why there is a big change in energy at
the red line?
Energy to Take Off Several Electrons
19. Electronegativity Trend (really
electron affinity)
• Group Trend – As you go down a column, electron affinity
decreases.
As you go down, atomic size is increasing, so less attraction
of electrons to the nucleus.
Periodic Trend – As you go across a period (L to R), electron
affinity increases.
As you go L to R, atomic size is decreasing, so the electrons
are more attracted to the nucleus.
20. Reactivity
• Reactivity – tendency of an atom to react.
• Metals – lose e- when they react, so metals’
reactivity is based on lowest Ionization Energy
(bottom/left corner)
– Low I.E = High Reactivity.
• Nonmetals – gain e- when they react, so
nonmetals’ reactivity is based on high
electronegativity (upper/right corner).
– High electronegativity = High reactivity
21. Metallic Character
• Properties of a Metal –
– Easy to shape (malleable); many are ductile (can be
pulled into wires)
– Conduct electricity and heat
– Shiny
• Group Trend – As you go down a column, metallic character increases (because
ionization energy decreases).
• Periodic Trend – As you go across a period (L to R), metallic character decreases
(because ionization energy decreases) (L to R, you are going from metals to non-
metals).
22. Do This…
• Based on these trends, can you describe some
properties of the following groups?
• Alkali
• Alkaline
• Halogens
• Noble Gases
– Also, be able to identify metals, transition metals semi-
metals, and non-metals and know some properties of
each.