The document discusses postpericardiotomy syndrome, which is an inflammatory condition that can occur after surgery involving opening of the pericardium. It has three key characteristics:
1) It presents with symptoms like fever, chest pain, and pericardial friction rub within 1-6 weeks after cardiac surgery.
2) It is characterized by pericardial and sometimes pleural effusions seen on imaging like echocardiography.
3) It is typically treated with anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs or corticosteroids, and pericardiocentesis if cardiac tamponade develops.
Perlas Clínicas: Abordaje de las crisis hipertensivasjulian2905
Abordaje de las crisis hipertensivas. Presentación por cortesía de Dra Alejandra Galeano, residente de Medicina Interna, UdeA. Encuentra estas y otras presentaciones en www.perlasclinicas.com
Espero que sea de utilidad este aporte.
Un Saludo desde Chiapas, Mexico
Y desde la Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco de la Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco.
Att: Un Semestroso Más.
La endocarditis es una enfermedad que se produce como resultado de la inflamación del endocardio, es decir, un proceso inflamatorio localizado en el endocardio. toado de guias españolas y colombianas
Está es la primera parte de una serie de presentaciones sobre ARRITMIAS, posteriormente subiré las demás arritmias activas y luego las pasivas. Espero que les sirvan.
Dejen sus comentarios !!
Perlas Clínicas: Abordaje de las crisis hipertensivasjulian2905
Abordaje de las crisis hipertensivas. Presentación por cortesía de Dra Alejandra Galeano, residente de Medicina Interna, UdeA. Encuentra estas y otras presentaciones en www.perlasclinicas.com
Espero que sea de utilidad este aporte.
Un Saludo desde Chiapas, Mexico
Y desde la Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco de la Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco.
Att: Un Semestroso Más.
La endocarditis es una enfermedad que se produce como resultado de la inflamación del endocardio, es decir, un proceso inflamatorio localizado en el endocardio. toado de guias españolas y colombianas
Está es la primera parte de una serie de presentaciones sobre ARRITMIAS, posteriormente subiré las demás arritmias activas y luego las pasivas. Espero que les sirvan.
Dejen sus comentarios !!
Este archivo le brinda gran cantidad de informacion para que los medicos rurales tengan claridad de como son las caracteristicas de la contratacion y como deben hacerse los pagos respectivos
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Dos componentes
◦ serosa (pericardio visceral)
monocapa mesotelial
facilita intercambio de liquidos y electrolitos
◦ fibrosa (pericardio parietal)
tejido fibrocolagenoso
Liquido Pericardico
◦ 15 - 50 ml de un ultrafiltrado de plasma
Ligamentos
◦ Al esternón, columna vertebral y diafragma
3. No necesario para la vida
Funciones Fisiologicas
Limita la dilatacion cardiaca
◦
Limita el desplazamiento cardiaco
◦
maintiene el compliance ventricular normal
◦
Reduce friccion al movimiento cardiaco
◦
Barrera ante la inflamacion
◦
5. El sindrome Postpericardiotomia es una
enfermedad febril en pacientes quienes han sido
sometidos a cirugias que involucran apertura del
pericardio.
Se caracteriza por dolor pleuritico, frote
pericardico, efusion pericardica o pleural,
neumonitis y cambios electrocardiograficos y
radiologicos.
Se describe tambien como un evento siguiente a
un IAM y es una complicacion inusual posterior a
colocacion de STENTS coronarios, Marcapasos,
epicardicos y transvenosos, postrauma, herida
cortopunzantes y puncion cardiaca.
6. Reaccion inflamatoria que involucra pleura y
pericardio.
Se acompaña de efusiones que pueden llevar a
taponamiento cardiaco postoperatorio e inclusive
taponamientos recurrentes.
Se asocia con el desarrollo de Anticuerpos
anticardiacos.
Agentes virales como el Coxsakie B, el
Adenovirus y el Citomegalovirus, se han
presentado en dos tercios de los pacientes, lo
que sugiere respuesta autoinmune asociada con
infeccion viral.
7. Frecuencia estimada varia entre 2-30% de los
pacientes que han sido sometidos a procedimiento
quirrurgico con apertura de pericardio.
Mortalidad/Morbilidad
◦ Se manifiesta generalmente como una enfermedad
inflamatoria leve y autolimitada.
◦ El taponamiento cardiaco que amenaza la vida puede
desarrollar efusion oericardica progresivamente creciente.
◦ El taponamiento ocurre en menos del 1% de los pacientes.
La elevacion de las presiones de llenado cardiaco la
progresiva limitacion del llenado diastolico y la reduccion
del volumen de eyeccion caracteriza el taponamiento.
Edad
◦ Es poco comun en infantes y va aumentando
progresivamente hasta llegar hasta un 30% en adultos.
8. Symptoms usually develop within 1-6 weeks after
surgery involving pericardiotomy. Temperature
after the first postoperative week usually reaches
38-39°C orally but may spike as high as 40°C.
Despite a high temperature, the patient may not
appear ill. The fever usually subsides within 2-3
weeks. Malaise, chest pain, irritability, and
decreased appetite are typical presenting
symptoms. Patients may also report dyspnea and
arthralgias. Children may report chest pain that
worsens with inspiration and when in the supine
position. Emesis has also been reported as the
main symptom in 2 children with impending
cardiac tamponade secondary to PPS.
9. Patients often demonstrate tachycardia and a
pericardial friction rub. The pericardial rub
disappears either with improvement or with
further accumulation of pericardial fluid.
Systemic fluid retention and hepatomegaly
can also occur. Pleural friction rubs are
common. Signs of pneumonitis, including
cough, fever, and decreased oxygen
saturation, may also be present.
10. IAM
TEP
Neumonia
Diseccion Aoritca
Miocarditis
Endocarditis
11. The expected CBC count findings include leukocytosis with a
leftward shift.
As with other patients with suspected inflammatory versus
infectious conditions, obtain blood cultures early in the workup.
The results of the blood cultures should be negative.
Acute phase reactants, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, are elevated.
Antiheart antibodies are usually present in high titers.
Cardiac enzyme testing is not usually helpful because the results
vary. In addition, studies have reported no difference in enzyme
levels compared with patients who underwent cardiopulmonary
bypass that do not have clinical signs of postpericardiotomy
syndrome (PPS).
If a pericardial drain is placed, fluid should be obtained for cell
count, differential, cytology, culture, gram stain, triglyceride
level, and total protein level.
12. Chest radiography may be helpful in diagnosing PPS.
◦ Chest radiography usually reveals blunting of the costophrenic angles due to a
pleural effusion. A pericardial effusion enlarges the cardiac silhouette.
◦ The cardiac silhouette enlarges in proportion to the amount of fluid contained in the
pericardial sac.
Echocardiography is the diagnostic standard. It is a much more sensitive
imaging study than plain radiography.
◦ In the early stages of PPS, a small amount of fluid may be detected posterior to the
left ventricle during systole.
◦ With increasing fluid accumulation, detection using echocardiography becomes
easier.
◦ Echocardiography assists in differentiating suspected PPS from congestive heart
failure; cardiac output is reduced in both conditions. In PPS with a large effusion one
or more cardiac chambers may be compressed by the pericardial fluid.
◦ Echocardiography is particularly helpful in evaluating ventricular contractility.
Cardiac MRI has been used more frequently to evaluate cardiac dynamics
and pericardial abnormalities. Cardiac MRI may be more helpful in
identifying posterior pericardial fluid collections that may have become
loculated and are not easily viewed with trans-thoracic
echocardiography.
13.
14. ECG findings are abnormal in PPS and may
include the following:
Initial findings may simulate pericarditis,
with global ST segment elevation and T-
wave inversion.
Subepicardial injury, resulting from
myocardial inflammation, causes ST
segment elevation.
The ECG may also reveal low QRS
amplitude, especially with a large
pericardial effusion.
ST-segment elevation
reflecting epicardial inflammation
◦
leads I, II, aVL, and V3-V6
◦
lead aVR and V1usually shows ST depression
◦
ST concave upward
ST in AMI concave downward like a “dome”
◦
PR segment depression
early stage
◦
T-wave inversion
occurs after the ST returns to baseline
◦
15. Tamponade is a life-threatening condition that can result
from PPS. The inflammatory changes seen in PPS may
cause pericardial adhesions that result in a localized
collection of pericardial fluid.
Pericardiocentesis may be emergently required if cardiac
tamponade is present.
The standard subxiphoid approach is recommended.
Because of the possible localized nature of the
tamponade, echocardiographic guidance is recommended.
Echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis with
extended catheter drainage is considered the primary
management for patients with clinically significant
pericardial effusions. The drainage tube is usually left in
place for 24-48 hours, during which anti-inflammatory
treatment is initiated.
16. Evaluation of patients with suspected postpericardiotomy
syndrome (PPS) is usually performed in an outpatient
setting. The workup and treatment may continue on an
outpatient basis if the patient is not hemodynamically
affected. Medical management includes the use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and
corticosteroids. Pericardial drainage is indicated in
patients with symptoms consistent with
tamponade. Patients with tamponade must be admitted to
the hospital for definitive care.
Anecdotally, successful treatment of recurrent pericardial
effusion has been described using a single high dose of
intravenous immunoglobulin in one patient16 and a low
weekly dose of methotrexate in one other.17
17. Immediate pericardiocentesis is necessary to relieve
life-threatening cardiac tamponade.
A surgically created pericardial window may be
necessary in patients with persistent symptoms or
relapse after medical therapy. This may be achieved
through an open thoracotomy18, 19, 20 or through a
video-assisted thoracoscopic technique.21
Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy (PBP) may
be another alternative for these patients. This is a
less invasive procedure in which a pericardial window
is created in the catheterization laboratory using a
balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance.22, 23, 24
18. The mainstay of medical therapy is use of anti-
inflammatory agents. Various drugs are available; all
have similar efficacy. Corticosteroids are often used
in more severe or refractory cases. Corticosteroids
have resulted in rapid improvement in clinical
symptoms and decrease in antiheart antibodies.
No evidence suggests that steroids administered
prior to cardiopulmonary bypass reduce the risk of
developing postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS). One
case has been reported of low-dose methotrexate
used in PPS refractory to standard therapy;17 however,
this has not been further supported.
19. En los síndromes post-pericardiotomía con signos
inflamatorios evidentes (dolor pericardítico, fiebre, roce)
se administrará tratamiento con aspirina, paracetamol o
AINES en los pacientes que no requieran tratamiento
anticoagulante. En los pacientes con prótesis cardiacas se
podrá iniciar tratamiento con paracetamol o AINES en el
caso de que la pericarditis sea poco severa y no exista
derrame pericárdico o éste sea ligero. Si el derrame
pericárdico es moderado o severo se considerará indicada
la administración de corticoides (prednisona 1 mg/Kg de
peso/día durante 1 semana, con posterior reducción
progresiva de la dosis). El tratamiento anticoagulante se
basará en heparina hasta la resolución del cuadro
inflamatorio. Se considerará también la administración de
corticoides en los pacientes con derrame pericárdico muy
abundante y con requerimiento de tratamiento
anticoagulante, aunque no tengan signos inflamatorios.
20. reposo mientras persistan dolor o fiebre. Se
administrarán salicilatos durante un mínimo de
dos semanas. La dosis inicial (2 gr de ácido
acetil-salicílico o más, según necesidad) se
mantendrá mientras persistan dolor y fiebre y se
retirará paulatinamente. En caso de falta de
respuesta se asociarán paracetamol 500mg/8h o
antiinflamatorios no esteroides (por
ejemplo, indometacina 25-50 mg/8h o
ibuprofeno 600mg/12h), pudiéndose recurrir a
asociaciones de varios de ellos (por
ejemplo, aspirina más paracetamol más
indometacina)
21. Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening complication of PPS.
Emergent pericardiocentesis and drainage of pericardial effusion
is necessary. Tamponade occurs in approximately 1% of patients
with PPS.
Constrictive pericarditis occurs late postoperatively in fewer than
0.5% of patients but may not be related to PPS. The high
prevalence of PPS and quite low prevalence of constriction
suggests that a direct association is unlikely. With
constriction, the pericardium becomes thickened and adherent to
the heart and restricts filling of the ventricles. A pericardiectomy
may be required for treatment.
Patients with pain from the inflammatory response may
demonstrate splinting during breathing. This can result in
hypoxemia. Monitor oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in
patients presenting with these findings.
Coronary artery bypass grafting is an unusual procedure in
children. Occlusion of the graft is reported as a rare, but
fatal, complication of PPS.
22. Most cases resolve within a few weeks.
Rarely, symptoms may occur for more than 6
months.
Relapse may occur after tapering anti-
inflammatory medications. Relapse is
estimated to occur in 10-15% of patients.
Most recurrences occur within 6 months of
the initial surgery.