This presentation shows performance Optimization of Hybrid Fusion Cluster-based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks. For more details, send an email to ayman.elsaleh@gmail.com
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Solving Unit Commitment Problem Using Chemo-tactic PSO–DE Optimization Algori...IDES Editor
This paper presents Chemo-tactic PSO-DE
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Lagrange Relaxation method (LR) for solving Unit
Commitment (UC) problem. The proposed approach
employs Chemo-tactic PSO-DE algorithm for optimal
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Performance optimization of hybrid fusion cluster based cooperative spectrum sensing in cr ns
1. Performance Optimization of Hybrid
Fusion Cluster-based Cooperative
Spectrum Sensing in
Cognitive Radio Networks
Presented by :
Name : Thong Wing Yew
Student ID : 1061103246
Course : Telecommunications
Supervisor : Mr. Ayman Abd El-Saleh
Moderator : Mr. Aaras Y. Kraidi
1
2. Presentation Outline
Objectives
Project Overview & Recap of FYP Part I
Performance Criteria
Simulation Outcomes for Neyman-Pearson and
Minimax Criteria
Conclusion
Recommendations
2
3. Objectives
Part I
Derivation of mathematical model of the soft-hard fusion for cognitive
radio network using Neyman-Pearson criterion.
Compare the effects of different channel’s parameters on the
performance of the system.
Evaluate the impact of different number of users of the system on the
performance of the system.
Part II
Derivation of mathematical model of the soft-hard fusion for cognitive
radio network using Minimax criterion.
Evaluation of Threshold Analysis by simulation and mathematical
derivation.
Evaluate the similar parameters and effect of users of the system
using the framework of Minimax.
3
5. Project Overview
Performance Optimization of Hybrid Fusion Cluster-based
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
• Spectrum Under-utilization Cognitive Radio
• Detect the presence of licensed Spectrum Sensing
PU
• Destructive channel effects Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
• Data Fusion
• Soft Decision Fusion (SDF)
Hybrid Fusion Scheme
• Hard Decision Fusion (HDF)
• Implementing Hybrid Fusion Scheme Cluster-based CSS
• Evaluate other schemes and
parameters that give the best result Performance Optimization
5
6. Spectrum Sensing
Spectrum Underutilization
Some portions of the
frequency band are unused
most of the time CR
Hidden Terminal Problem
The accuracy of spectrum
sensing is reduced
Cooperative SS
11. Neyman-Pearson Vs Minimax
Neyman-Pearson Criterion (FYP Part I)
Minimal interference caused to PU
Maximize Pd for a given Pf
The threshold is fixed
Minimax Criterion (FYP Part II)
Higher chances of interfering PU (more aggressive)
Minimize the total Pe = Pf + Pm
The threshold is adjusted dynamically
12. Neyman-Pearson Criterion
For SDF
Pd depends on a fixed value of Pf
as well as weighting coefficient, ω
13. Soft Decision Fusion Schemes
How to search for the best ω in SDF ?
Conventional Schemes Proposed Schemes
Equal Gain Combination (EGC) Normal Deflection Coefficient (NDC)
Weight assigned to M SUs is equally ∑ H 0 covariance matrix under hypothesis H
0
distributed * −1
ω opt , NDC = ω opt , NDC / || ω opt , NDC ||= ∑ H 0 θ
ωi = 1
M where θ i = K PRi | g i | 2 | hi | 2 σ S
2
Maximal-Ratio Combining (MRC) Modified Deflection Coefficient (MDC)
Weight assigned is dependent on the ∑ H1 covariance matrix under hypothesis H1
PU SNR value at the SU
*
SNRi ω opt ,MDC = ωopt ,MDC / || ω opt ,MDC ||= ∑ H 1 θ
−1
||ω|| = 1 ωi =
SNRT
13
14. The ROC Curve
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) as performance evaluation for
different simulations.
Po a ilit o D t cio , Q
1
r b b y f ee t n
09
.
08
.
d
07
.
06
.
05
.
04
.
03
.
02
.
E c ll n
x ee t
01
. Go
o d
W rh s
o t le s
0
0 02
. 04
. 06
. 08
. 1
Po a il yo F l eAa m Q
r b b it f as l r ,
f
Area of 1 = Perfect Test
Area of 0.5 = Worthless Test
14
18. Parameters To Be Evaluated
Sensing Bandwidth, B
Sensing Time of Secondary Users, Ts
Number of SU per Cluster, M
Number of Clusters, N
Probability of Reporting Error, Pe
Different Combinations of MN
Different Spectrum Sensing Schemes
Threhold Analysis for Minimax
18
19. Sensed Bandwidth, B
1
0.9
0.8
d
0.7
Probability of Detection, Q
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
8MHz
0.2
6MHz
0.1 4MHz
2MHz
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Probability of False Alarm, Q
f
Higher Sensed Bandwidth is preferred but …. K = 2.B.Ts
19
20. Sensing Time, Ts
1
0.9
0.8
d
0.7
Probability of Detection, Q
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
50us
0.2
25us
0.1 10us
1us
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Probability of False Alarm, Q
f
Ts Tx
Longer Sensing Time is good but …. Access Period
20
21. Number of SU per Cluster, M
1
0.9
0.8
Probability of Detection, Q d
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
M=15
0.2
M=10
0.1 M=5
M=1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Probability of False Alarm Q
,
f
Higher M gives better results!
21
22. Number of Clusters, N
1
P b b i y fDt c o ,Q
0.9
r ai t o e t n
0.8
e i
d
0.7
0.6
0.5
l
0.4
o
0.3 N1
=0
N8
=
0.2
N6
=
0.1 N4
=
N2
=
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
P b bi y fF l e l r ,Q
r ai t o a A m
o l s a
f
Higher N gives better results!
22
23. MN Combination (Neyman-Pearson)
1
0.9
0.8
d
0.7
Probability of Detection, Q
0.6
0.5
0.4 MN = 15 MN = 4
0.3
M=15, N=1
0.2
M=5, N=3
0.1 M=3, N=5
M=1, N=15
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Probability of False Alarm, Q
f
When M increases More SDF involved Better Performance
23
24. Probability of Reporting Error, Pe
1
0.99
0.98
Probability of Detection, Qd
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
Pe = 0
0.92
P = 0.15
e
0.91 Pe = 0.3
0.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Probability of False Alarm Q
,
f
CH BS
30. Conclusion
Cognitive radio is a way to maximize spectrum
utilization
Hard Fusion – Less Overhead but Poorer Performance
Soft Fusion - Better Performance but Higher Overhead
Employing Soft-Hard Fusion to get the best of both
methods (Hybrid Fusion)
Higher Sensing Time and Bandwidth yields better
detection performance
The proposed SDF schemes (NDC & MDC) outperform
the conventional SDF ones (EGC & MRC)
30
31. Recommendation for Future Works
• Explore the possibilities and effect of introducing the
weighting coefficients at different stages or links of the
network.
• Determine the best number of SU per cluster that gives
the best detection performance.
• Efficient way of selecting CH, either from an ordinary SU
or a dedicated BS.
• Develop an algorithm that minimize the sensing time of
a SU.
31