This document discusses perception and the factors that affect a student's ability to perceive. It defines perception as a psychological process where sensory inputs are processed, organized, and interpreted based on past experiences to understand stimuli. There are several factors, like basic needs, time, goals, threats, self-concept, and insight, that can influence a student's perception. Gardner Murphy identified four factors of perception: sensations, previous experiences, nervous structure, and mental set. Organization and integration are important aspects of the perception process. Perception is determined by both external stimuli and our past experiences.

1. By
P.Uma maheswari
Department of maths

3.  Psychological process in which the sensory
inputs received from the sense organs are
processes , organized and interpreted based
on the past experiences of the organism so
that the nature of the stimuli are
meaningfully understood
 Perception=sensation & meaningful
interpretation

4.  There are several factors that may affect the
students ability to perceive they are
Basic needs
Time and
opportunity
Goals and
values
Elements
of threat
Self
concept
insight

5.  Gardner Murphy speaks of the four factors of
perception
sensations
Our
previous
experiences
Nervous structure
Mental set at the time
of experiencing
sensations

6.  Without perception , imagery and
imagination are not possible.
 Related to attending and observing.
 Perceive only those stimuli that we attend to
 Helps to understand the different objects
and events in our environment and learn to
adapt our reactions , towards them.

7.  Process of selection is involved
 Perception is largely determined by our past
experiences
 Process of integration takes place in
perception

8.  On seeing a man riding a cycle, we do not
perceive the cycle and the rider separately
 The mental act of ‘organizing’ takes place
during perception as per the law of pragnanz

9.  Similarly the 12 parallel lines drawn below
are perceived by us as four groups of 3 lines
each.
______
______
______

10.  Wertheimer stated this law as “other things
being equal , the stimuli that are similar ,
will have greater tendency to be grouped as
a single unit”

11.  Closed or completed figures are more stable
than incomplete figures or unclosed figures.
 Our minds fills up the gaps if any and
perceive the object as whole and complete.

12.  Organization on perception appears to be
going infinitely in the same direction
 Tendency for factors to give direction ,
movement and continuation.
 That is why the following series of dots
………………………….. Appear to be in a straight
line.

13.  Arises either because of the ambiguous
qualities of what is perceived or the state of
the perceiving person or both