The document discusses lymphatic drainage of various female reproductive organs. It states that the ovaries drain to the para-aortic nodes via the gonadal vessels. The uterine fundus may also drain to the para-aortic nodes along the ovarian vessels, while the body of the uterus drains to the iliac nodes within the broad ligament. The cervix can drain to the external iliac, presacral, or internal iliac nodes. The upper third of the vagina drains to the external iliac nodes, the middle third to the common and internal iliac nodes, and the lower third to the superficial inguinal and perirectal nodes.

3. What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
A. Internal iliac nodes
B. Common iliac nodes
C. Para-aortic nodes
D. Para uterine nodes
E. Inguinal nodes

4. The lymphatic drainage of the
ovary follows the gonadal
vessels and drainage is
therefore to the para-aortic
nodes.

5. Lymphatic drainage of the ovaries,
uterus and cervix:
The ovaries drain to the
para-aortic lymphatics
via the gonadal vessels.

6. The uterine fundus has a lymphatic
drainage that runs with the ovarian
vessels and may thus drain to the
para-aortic nodes.
Some drainage may also pass along
the round ligament to the inguinal
nodes.

7. The body of the uterus
drains through lymphatics
contained within the
broad ligament to the iliac
lymph nodes.

8. • The cervix drains into three potential nodal
stations;
• laterally through the broad ligament to the
external iliac nodes
• along the lymphatics of the uterosacral fold
to the presacral nodes
• posterolaterally along lymphatics lying
alongside the uterine vessels to the internal
iliac nodes.

12. The superior aspect of the vagina drains to
which of the following lymph node groups?
A. Superficial inguinal nodes
B. Para-aortic nodes
C. Internal iliac nodes
D. Meso rectal nodes
E. Obturator nodes

13. Lymphatic drainage of the vagina
The lymph vessels from the superior
aspect of the vagina join the
internal and external iliac nodes,
those from the inferior aspect of the
vagina drain to the superficial
inguinal nodes.

14. Lymphatic drainage of the vagina is generally to
upper third of the vagina :
to external iliac nodes
middle third :
common and internal iliac nodes
lower third :
superficial inguinal and perirectal nodes

19. A 23 year old man undergoes an orchidectomy.
The right testicular vein is ligated; into which
structure does it drain?
A. Right renal vein
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Common iliac vein
D. Internal iliac vein
E. External iliac vein

21. The testicular venous drainage begins
in the septa and these veins
together with those of the tunica
vasculosa converge on the posterior
border of the testis as the
pampiniform plexus.

22. The pampiniform plexus drains
to the testicular vein.
The left testicular vein drains
into the left renal vein.
The right testicular vein drains
into the inferior vena cava.

25. Scrotum
Composed of skin and closely attached dartos
fascia.
Arterial supply from the anterior and posterior
scrotal arteries
Lymphatic drainage to the inguinal lymph
nodes
Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis is the
innermost layer
Viceral layer tunica albugnia

29. Testes
The testes are surrounded by the
tunica vaginalis (closed peritoneal
sac).
The parietal layer of the tunica
vaginalis adjacent to the internal
spermatic fascia.

32. The testicular arteries arise
from the aorta
immediately inferiorly to
the renal arteries.

33. The pampiniform plexus drains into
the testicular veins, the left drains
into the left renal vein and the right
into the inferior vena cava.
Lymphatic drainage is to the para-
aortic nodes.

38. A 44 year old lady is undergoing an abdominal
hysterectomy and the ureter is identified
during the ligation of the uterine artery. At
which site does it insert into the bladder?
A. Posterior
B. Apex
C. Anterior
D. Base
E. Superior aspect of the lateral side

39. The ureters
enter the bladder at the
upper lateral aspect of
the base of the bladder.

40. They are about 5cm apart from
each other in the empty
bladder. Internally this aspect
is contained within the
bladder trigone

41. Ureter
25-35 cm long
Muscular tube lined by transitional
epithelium
Surrounded by thick muscular coat.
Becomes 3 muscular layers as it
crosses the bony pelvis

42. Retroperitoneal structure
overlying transverse processes
L2-L5
Lies anterior to bifurcation of
iliac vessels

43. Blood supply is segmental;
1. renal artery
2. aortic branches
3. gonadal branches
4. common iliac and internal iliac
Lies beneath the uterine artery