This document provides information about a proposed photodynamic therapy (PDT) device called MedLiTx. PDT uses a photosensitizing agent and light to target and destroy unhealthy cells. The document outlines the scope of dermatological conditions treated by PDT and existing challenges. It then describes the design goals and criteria for MedLiTx, which include flexibility, low cost, ease of use, and patient comfort. Details provided include the device design, wavelength selection, treatment areas, and user interface. Comparisons show MedLiTx meets design goals better than existing devices. Appendices provide additional technical details.
Improving Photodynamic Therapy Research ProjectShannen Prindle
This document summarizes a student project that aims to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. The student hypothesizes that inducing hypoxic conditions in tumor cells will decrease the effectiveness of a photosensitizer and bioluminescent reagent in PDT. In experiments, the student cultures tumor cells under normal and hypoxic conditions with different PDT treatments and measures cell viability. The results show that bioluminescence was not an effective light source due to poor absorption overlap with the photosensitizer. Further work is needed to optimize photosensitizers and light sources to overcome limitations of conventional PDT.
Nanotechnology implementation in photodynamic therapy ghada moneerghada altoukhy
Photo dynamic therapy is old modality using up tel now.e
this presentation will give lights on the PDT from the beginning up to date and overcome the disadvantages by using new modality of treatment by nanotechnology.
Photodynamic therapy involves using a photosensitizing agent and light of a specific wavelength to generate reactive oxygen species that are toxic to cancer cells. The history of photodynamic therapy began in the late 19th century with researchers using light therapy to treat various skin conditions. Key developments included the use of hematoporphyrin derivatives and the first human trials in the 1970s-1980s. Effective photosensitizers require properties like selectivity for tumor cells and absorption of light in the 600-800 nm range for good tissue penetration. The mechanisms of photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity can be direct tumor cell killing or indirect effects on the tumor vasculature or immune response.
The document discusses photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to treat cancer and other diseases. It describes several FDA-approved photosensitizing drugs including porfimer sodium, aminolevulinic acid, methyl ester of ALA, and verteporfin. The document also discusses the mechanism of PDT, advantages, potential side effects of the drugs, and future directions for improving PDT treatments.
Photodynamic therapy uses light-activated photosensitizing compounds and oxygen to kill targeted malignant and diseased cells. It has three key components: a light source, photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. The photosensitizer is administered and absorbs light, generating reactive oxygen species that destroy nearby cells through apoptosis or necrosis. PDT has advantages of being minimally invasive, toxic, and allowing short recovery times compared to other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. However, it is not suitable for all cancer types and can cause temporary skin sensitivity to light. Research continues to expand its applications and availability.
This document discusses the history and current state of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. It covers the basics of PDT, including photosensitizers, light sources, the photodynamic reaction, and clinical applications for various cancer types. It also touches on dosimetry challenges, the potential for nanotechnology to advance PDT, and using PDT for theranostics and generating anti-cancer immune responses. In summary, PDT utilizes photosensitizing drugs activated by light to induce oxidative stress and kill cancer cells, with applications across dermatology, neuro-oncology, and other fields, though challenges remain in optimizing light doses and monitoring treatment responses.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing drug and a light source to damage cancer or abnormal tissues. The photosensitizing drug is administered and absorbed by tissues, then activated by exposure to a specific wavelength of light, which causes the drug to produce reactive oxygen species that destroy the targeted cells. PDT can be used to treat a variety of cancers and pre-cancerous conditions depending on the photosensitizing drug and light source used. It offers advantages such as precision targeting and minimal scarring or invasiveness compared to other treatments.
Improving Photodynamic Therapy Research ProjectShannen Prindle
This document summarizes a student project that aims to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. The student hypothesizes that inducing hypoxic conditions in tumor cells will decrease the effectiveness of a photosensitizer and bioluminescent reagent in PDT. In experiments, the student cultures tumor cells under normal and hypoxic conditions with different PDT treatments and measures cell viability. The results show that bioluminescence was not an effective light source due to poor absorption overlap with the photosensitizer. Further work is needed to optimize photosensitizers and light sources to overcome limitations of conventional PDT.
Nanotechnology implementation in photodynamic therapy ghada moneerghada altoukhy
Photo dynamic therapy is old modality using up tel now.e
this presentation will give lights on the PDT from the beginning up to date and overcome the disadvantages by using new modality of treatment by nanotechnology.
Photodynamic therapy involves using a photosensitizing agent and light of a specific wavelength to generate reactive oxygen species that are toxic to cancer cells. The history of photodynamic therapy began in the late 19th century with researchers using light therapy to treat various skin conditions. Key developments included the use of hematoporphyrin derivatives and the first human trials in the 1970s-1980s. Effective photosensitizers require properties like selectivity for tumor cells and absorption of light in the 600-800 nm range for good tissue penetration. The mechanisms of photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity can be direct tumor cell killing or indirect effects on the tumor vasculature or immune response.
The document discusses photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to treat cancer and other diseases. It describes several FDA-approved photosensitizing drugs including porfimer sodium, aminolevulinic acid, methyl ester of ALA, and verteporfin. The document also discusses the mechanism of PDT, advantages, potential side effects of the drugs, and future directions for improving PDT treatments.
Photodynamic therapy uses light-activated photosensitizing compounds and oxygen to kill targeted malignant and diseased cells. It has three key components: a light source, photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. The photosensitizer is administered and absorbs light, generating reactive oxygen species that destroy nearby cells through apoptosis or necrosis. PDT has advantages of being minimally invasive, toxic, and allowing short recovery times compared to other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. However, it is not suitable for all cancer types and can cause temporary skin sensitivity to light. Research continues to expand its applications and availability.
This document discusses the history and current state of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. It covers the basics of PDT, including photosensitizers, light sources, the photodynamic reaction, and clinical applications for various cancer types. It also touches on dosimetry challenges, the potential for nanotechnology to advance PDT, and using PDT for theranostics and generating anti-cancer immune responses. In summary, PDT utilizes photosensitizing drugs activated by light to induce oxidative stress and kill cancer cells, with applications across dermatology, neuro-oncology, and other fields, though challenges remain in optimizing light doses and monitoring treatment responses.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing drug and a light source to damage cancer or abnormal tissues. The photosensitizing drug is administered and absorbed by tissues, then activated by exposure to a specific wavelength of light, which causes the drug to produce reactive oxygen species that destroy the targeted cells. PDT can be used to treat a variety of cancers and pre-cancerous conditions depending on the photosensitizing drug and light source used. It offers advantages such as precision targeting and minimal scarring or invasiveness compared to other treatments.
This document provides an overview of photodynamic therapy (PDT), including its use in treating cancer. PDT involves applying a photosensitizing drug, incubating it, and then activating it with light, which causes cell damage and death. It is used to treat cancers of the esophagus, lung, and skin. Research is ongoing to develop more effective photosensitizers and expand PDT to additional cancer types and deeper tumors. Side effects are typically minor and temporary.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing agent and light to treat cancer and other diseases. The first report of using a photosensitizing drug and light was in 1900. PDT works by activating a photosensitizing drug with visible light, which generates reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells. The photosensitizing drug localizes preferentially in tumor tissue and is activated by light of a specific wavelength. This causes direct tumor cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as indirect death through anti-vascular and anti-tumor immune responses. PDT has been used to treat various cancers including skin, brain, head and neck, lung, and GI cancers, with response rates often over
Photodynamic therapy is a cancer treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs and light to destroy cancer cells. The drugs are injected into the bloodstream and absorbed more by cancer cells than healthy cells. After 24-72 hours when the drug has left healthy cells but remains in cancer cells, the tumor is exposed to light which activates the photosensitizer. This causes the production of oxygen species that directly kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA or indirectly by destroying blood vessels that supply the tumor. PDT is currently used to treat several types of cancer affecting the skin, esophagus, lung, and other organs. It offers advantages over other treatments such as minimal invasiveness and ability to precisely target tumors, but it has limitations
Photodynamic therapy is effective & promising method forShahid Ansari
Photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to kill cancer cells. It is an effective and promising method for cancer treatment. PDT involves injecting a photosensitizer which is absorbed by cancer cells and activated by light, producing reactive oxygen that destroys the cancer cells. It has advantages over other therapies like fewer side effects and the ability to precisely target tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissue. Limitations include light not penetrating deeply into the body and it being mostly used for superficial tumors.
Photodynamic therapy involves applying a photosensitizing drug that is activated by light to damage and destroy cancer cells. It involves three steps - application of the photosensitizing drug, an incubation period to allow the drug to accumulate in target tissues, and then exposing the target tissue to light which activates the drug. This causes oxidative damage to cells through singlet oxygen and free radical production, resulting in cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. It can directly kill tumor cells and also cut off their blood supply and trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Common photosensitizing drugs include porfimer sodium, ALA, and mTHPC. Lasers, LEDs, and filtered light are used as light sources to activate the drugs.
Photodynamic therapy in treatment of oral lichen planus: Dr AparnaAparna Srivastava
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY is also known as Photoradiation therapy,
Phototherapy,
Photochemotherapy.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses a drug, called a photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent.
Photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, photoactivation causes the formation of singlet oxygen, which produces peroxidative reactions that can cause cell damage and death.
Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer by damaging DNA in cancer cells to cause cell death. It works through direct damage to cancer cell DNA or indirectly by producing free radicals that damage DNA. Fractionated doses are used to allow normal cells time to recover while continuing to damage cancer cells. Complications can include skin damage, mouth sores, infertility, and long term risks like leukemia. Precise targeting and fractionation aims to maximize cancer cell killing while minimizing harm to surrounding normal tissues.
Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses radionuclides to treat various conditions like hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Common isotopes used include iodine-131, phosphorus-32, and strontium-89. Administration procedures and internal dosimetry calculations are important considerations. The MIRD formalism provides a framework for calculating absorbed dose to target regions from radioactive sources. Key factors include cumulative activity, residence time, and absorbed fraction. Assumptions of uniform activity distribution and average absorbed dose are limitations but the MIRD approach is simple and easy to use.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. It is a common treatment for cancer administered either externally using machines to aim radiation at tumors, or internally by placing radioactive materials in or near tumors. Radiation therapy aims to cure cancer or reduce symptoms by destroying tumor cells while sparing normal tissues, and is delivered as part of a treatment plan developed by a multidisciplinary team to maximize effectiveness and safety.
Radiotherapy & chemotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiotherapy uses high-dose radiation to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally using machines like linear accelerators, or internally by implanting radioactive materials near tumors. External radiotherapy does not require safety precautions after treatment, while internal radiotherapy emits radiation and requires precautions like minimizing contact time and using shielding. Radiotherapy can cause both acute side effects like nausea and late effects like fibrosis, so safety is important for healthcare workers providing care to these patients.
This document discusses radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. It covers the history, mechanisms of action including direct and indirect damage to cells, characteristics of radiotherapy such as its effects on dividing cells, and the quantitative difference in response between malignant and normal cells. Fractions of radiotherapy doses are discussed including hypofractionation and hyperfractionation. Factors such as oxygen levels, cell cycle phases, and radiobiology are also summarized. The document then discusses various radiotherapy techniques including external beam, brachytherapy, and unsealed radioactive sources. Treatment planning and quality control of radiotherapy are also briefly mentioned.
Radiation injury and countermeasures: ALOK SONIAlok kumar Soni
Radiation can be ionizing or non-ionizing, with ionizing radiation including alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation capable of damaging cells. Radiation exposure is measured in units like the gray (Gy) and sievert (Sv) which account for both energy absorbed and biological effects. Radiation can directly damage DNA and indirectly generate reactive oxygen species, leading to acute effects above 1 Gy or chronic effects like cancer. Potential countermeasures include radioprotectors administered before exposure, mitigators after exposure, and therapeutics for symptoms. Promising agents include amifostine, 5-AED, G-CSF and HDAC inhibitors, but developing safe and effective countermeasures remains an ongoing challenge.
This study was directed at study the effectiveness of cancer targeted therapy using the activated Gallium-Porphyrin Nanocomposite (Nano-GaP). Study was applied on male Swiss albino mice, implanted with Ehrlich Tumor (EAC) divided into six groups. Two energy sources were used; laser and ultrasound. Results showed that Nano-GaP is a potential sensitizer for photodynamic or sonodynamic treatment of tumor. Nano-GaP plays an important role in tumor growth inhibition and cell death induction. Activated Nano-GaP with both infrared laser and ultrasound has a potential antitumor effect. The results indicated that Folic Acid-Nanographene Oxide-Gallium-Porphyrin Nanocomposite (FA–NGO–GaP) could be used as a unique nanocomposite for cancer targeted Sono-Photodynamic Therapy(SPDT).
This document summarizes key concepts in radiology and radiation physics. It describes the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1898 and defines x-rays as gamma rays of electromagnetic radiation. It explains that the energy of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to wavelength and that radiation with energy greater than 15 eV can cause ionization within cells. It also outlines the units used to quantify radiation exposure, dose, and dose equivalency, and discusses the interaction of radiation with matter through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering.
This document discusses radiation therapy for cancer treatment. It describes how the type of cancer, efficacy of other treatments, and patient health determine whether radiation therapy is used. Radiation therapy aims to kill cancer cells using high energy x-rays directed at tumors. Treatment planning involves outlining tumor volumes and minimizing dose to healthy tissues. Radiation damages DNA and prevents cell division, preferentially killing cancer cells. Modern linear accelerators precisely deliver megavoltage x-rays while minimizing surface dose. Treatment techniques like IMRT further improve targeting and reduce side effects.
Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally via machine or internally via radioactive sources placed near the tumor. The main goals are to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. Common oral complications include mucositis, infections, xerostomia, and trismus. Management involves preventative dental work before treatment, symptomatic care during, and frequent follow ups after to monitor for late effects like osteoradionecrosis.
This document discusses the biological aspects and principles of radiation therapy. It begins by covering how radiation induces DNA damage through direct interaction or free radical production. It then describes the cellular responses, including cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair pathways, and membrane signaling. Chromosomal aberrations from faulty DNA repair can lead to cell death. The effects of radiation on cell survival are also reviewed, such as apoptosis or delayed reproductive cell death. Factors like the 4 R's (repair, reassortment, repopulation, reoxygenation) that influence radiation response are also summarized.
The document discusses micro and nano technology measurement and characterization services provided by the Centre for Measurement of Micro and Nano Technologies (CEMMNT). CEMMNT offers over 100 measurement techniques through five partner organizations to analyze micro and nano scale features. Their services help UK industries design and develop smaller, cheaper products across sectors like electronics, medical devices, and consumer goods.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
This document provides an overview of photodynamic therapy (PDT), including its use in treating cancer. PDT involves applying a photosensitizing drug, incubating it, and then activating it with light, which causes cell damage and death. It is used to treat cancers of the esophagus, lung, and skin. Research is ongoing to develop more effective photosensitizers and expand PDT to additional cancer types and deeper tumors. Side effects are typically minor and temporary.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing agent and light to treat cancer and other diseases. The first report of using a photosensitizing drug and light was in 1900. PDT works by activating a photosensitizing drug with visible light, which generates reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells. The photosensitizing drug localizes preferentially in tumor tissue and is activated by light of a specific wavelength. This causes direct tumor cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as indirect death through anti-vascular and anti-tumor immune responses. PDT has been used to treat various cancers including skin, brain, head and neck, lung, and GI cancers, with response rates often over
Photodynamic therapy is a cancer treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs and light to destroy cancer cells. The drugs are injected into the bloodstream and absorbed more by cancer cells than healthy cells. After 24-72 hours when the drug has left healthy cells but remains in cancer cells, the tumor is exposed to light which activates the photosensitizer. This causes the production of oxygen species that directly kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA or indirectly by destroying blood vessels that supply the tumor. PDT is currently used to treat several types of cancer affecting the skin, esophagus, lung, and other organs. It offers advantages over other treatments such as minimal invasiveness and ability to precisely target tumors, but it has limitations
Photodynamic therapy is effective & promising method forShahid Ansari
Photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to kill cancer cells. It is an effective and promising method for cancer treatment. PDT involves injecting a photosensitizer which is absorbed by cancer cells and activated by light, producing reactive oxygen that destroys the cancer cells. It has advantages over other therapies like fewer side effects and the ability to precisely target tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissue. Limitations include light not penetrating deeply into the body and it being mostly used for superficial tumors.
Photodynamic therapy involves applying a photosensitizing drug that is activated by light to damage and destroy cancer cells. It involves three steps - application of the photosensitizing drug, an incubation period to allow the drug to accumulate in target tissues, and then exposing the target tissue to light which activates the drug. This causes oxidative damage to cells through singlet oxygen and free radical production, resulting in cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. It can directly kill tumor cells and also cut off their blood supply and trigger anti-tumor immune responses. Common photosensitizing drugs include porfimer sodium, ALA, and mTHPC. Lasers, LEDs, and filtered light are used as light sources to activate the drugs.
Photodynamic therapy in treatment of oral lichen planus: Dr AparnaAparna Srivastava
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY is also known as Photoradiation therapy,
Phototherapy,
Photochemotherapy.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses a drug, called a photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent.
Photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, photoactivation causes the formation of singlet oxygen, which produces peroxidative reactions that can cause cell damage and death.
Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer by damaging DNA in cancer cells to cause cell death. It works through direct damage to cancer cell DNA or indirectly by producing free radicals that damage DNA. Fractionated doses are used to allow normal cells time to recover while continuing to damage cancer cells. Complications can include skin damage, mouth sores, infertility, and long term risks like leukemia. Precise targeting and fractionation aims to maximize cancer cell killing while minimizing harm to surrounding normal tissues.
Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses radionuclides to treat various conditions like hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Common isotopes used include iodine-131, phosphorus-32, and strontium-89. Administration procedures and internal dosimetry calculations are important considerations. The MIRD formalism provides a framework for calculating absorbed dose to target regions from radioactive sources. Key factors include cumulative activity, residence time, and absorbed fraction. Assumptions of uniform activity distribution and average absorbed dose are limitations but the MIRD approach is simple and easy to use.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. It is a common treatment for cancer administered either externally using machines to aim radiation at tumors, or internally by placing radioactive materials in or near tumors. Radiation therapy aims to cure cancer or reduce symptoms by destroying tumor cells while sparing normal tissues, and is delivered as part of a treatment plan developed by a multidisciplinary team to maximize effectiveness and safety.
Radiotherapy & chemotherapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiotherapy uses high-dose radiation to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally using machines like linear accelerators, or internally by implanting radioactive materials near tumors. External radiotherapy does not require safety precautions after treatment, while internal radiotherapy emits radiation and requires precautions like minimizing contact time and using shielding. Radiotherapy can cause both acute side effects like nausea and late effects like fibrosis, so safety is important for healthcare workers providing care to these patients.
This document discusses radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. It covers the history, mechanisms of action including direct and indirect damage to cells, characteristics of radiotherapy such as its effects on dividing cells, and the quantitative difference in response between malignant and normal cells. Fractions of radiotherapy doses are discussed including hypofractionation and hyperfractionation. Factors such as oxygen levels, cell cycle phases, and radiobiology are also summarized. The document then discusses various radiotherapy techniques including external beam, brachytherapy, and unsealed radioactive sources. Treatment planning and quality control of radiotherapy are also briefly mentioned.
Radiation injury and countermeasures: ALOK SONIAlok kumar Soni
Radiation can be ionizing or non-ionizing, with ionizing radiation including alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation capable of damaging cells. Radiation exposure is measured in units like the gray (Gy) and sievert (Sv) which account for both energy absorbed and biological effects. Radiation can directly damage DNA and indirectly generate reactive oxygen species, leading to acute effects above 1 Gy or chronic effects like cancer. Potential countermeasures include radioprotectors administered before exposure, mitigators after exposure, and therapeutics for symptoms. Promising agents include amifostine, 5-AED, G-CSF and HDAC inhibitors, but developing safe and effective countermeasures remains an ongoing challenge.
This study was directed at study the effectiveness of cancer targeted therapy using the activated Gallium-Porphyrin Nanocomposite (Nano-GaP). Study was applied on male Swiss albino mice, implanted with Ehrlich Tumor (EAC) divided into six groups. Two energy sources were used; laser and ultrasound. Results showed that Nano-GaP is a potential sensitizer for photodynamic or sonodynamic treatment of tumor. Nano-GaP plays an important role in tumor growth inhibition and cell death induction. Activated Nano-GaP with both infrared laser and ultrasound has a potential antitumor effect. The results indicated that Folic Acid-Nanographene Oxide-Gallium-Porphyrin Nanocomposite (FA–NGO–GaP) could be used as a unique nanocomposite for cancer targeted Sono-Photodynamic Therapy(SPDT).
This document summarizes key concepts in radiology and radiation physics. It describes the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1898 and defines x-rays as gamma rays of electromagnetic radiation. It explains that the energy of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to wavelength and that radiation with energy greater than 15 eV can cause ionization within cells. It also outlines the units used to quantify radiation exposure, dose, and dose equivalency, and discusses the interaction of radiation with matter through processes like the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering.
This document discusses radiation therapy for cancer treatment. It describes how the type of cancer, efficacy of other treatments, and patient health determine whether radiation therapy is used. Radiation therapy aims to kill cancer cells using high energy x-rays directed at tumors. Treatment planning involves outlining tumor volumes and minimizing dose to healthy tissues. Radiation damages DNA and prevents cell division, preferentially killing cancer cells. Modern linear accelerators precisely deliver megavoltage x-rays while minimizing surface dose. Treatment techniques like IMRT further improve targeting and reduce side effects.
Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells. It can be delivered externally via machine or internally via radioactive sources placed near the tumor. The main goals are to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. Common oral complications include mucositis, infections, xerostomia, and trismus. Management involves preventative dental work before treatment, symptomatic care during, and frequent follow ups after to monitor for late effects like osteoradionecrosis.
This document discusses the biological aspects and principles of radiation therapy. It begins by covering how radiation induces DNA damage through direct interaction or free radical production. It then describes the cellular responses, including cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair pathways, and membrane signaling. Chromosomal aberrations from faulty DNA repair can lead to cell death. The effects of radiation on cell survival are also reviewed, such as apoptosis or delayed reproductive cell death. Factors like the 4 R's (repair, reassortment, repopulation, reoxygenation) that influence radiation response are also summarized.
The document discusses micro and nano technology measurement and characterization services provided by the Centre for Measurement of Micro and Nano Technologies (CEMMNT). CEMMNT offers over 100 measurement techniques through five partner organizations to analyze micro and nano scale features. Their services help UK industries design and develop smaller, cheaper products across sectors like electronics, medical devices, and consumer goods.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
Small field dosimetry poses challenges due to the lack of charged particle equilibrium and penumbra effects. Monte Carlo modeling and specialized dosimeters are used to measure small fields between 0.3-4 cm used in techniques like IMRT, stereotactic radiosurgery, and cyberknife. Film, pinpoint chambers, and MOSFET dosimeters provide high spatial resolution but require corrections. Gel dosimeters allow 3D dose mapping but are time-consuming. Future work aims to minimize measurement perturbations in small fields.
Beam directed radiotherapy aims to deliver a homogenous tumor dose while minimizing radiation to normal tissues. It involves careful patient positioning, immobilization, tumor localization, field selection, dose calculations, and verification. Key steps include using positioning aids and molds to reproducibly position the patient, imaging such as CT to delineate the tumor volume, contouring to define external body outlines, and dose calculations and verification to ensure accurate delivery.
Monte Carlo And Ct Interface For Medical Treatment Plansfondas vakalis
The document discusses using Geant4, an open-source Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, to develop a general-purpose dosimetry system for medical treatment planning with brachytherapy applications. Key goals are precision, realistic geometry and material modeling from CT images, and speed for clinical use. The system would provide an alternative to commercial software which uses approximations and is not flexible or affordable for all applications like hadron therapy or niche uses. Geant4 capabilities enable accurate modeling of physics interactions down to low energies needed for medical simulations.
Grid Connected Electricity Storage Systems (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Development and use of Renewable Energy Sources is one of the key elements in European Electricity Research. However, connecting energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines to the electricity grid causes significant effects on these networks. Bottlenecks are stability, security, peaks in supply & demand and overall management of the grid. Energy storage systems provide means to overcome technical and economic hurdles for large-scale introduction of distributed sustainable energy sources. The GROW-DERS project (Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Flexible Storage) investigates the implementation of (transportable) distributed storage systems in the networks. The project is funded by the European Commission (FP6) and the consortium partners are KEMA, Liander, Iberdrola, MVV, EAC, SAFT, EXENDIS, CEA-INES and IPE.
In this project 3 storage systems (2 Li-ion battery systems and a flywheel) have been demonstrated at different test locations in Europe. Additionally, a dedicated software tool, PLATOS (PLAnning Tool for Optimizing Storage), has been developed by KEMA to optimize the energy management of electricity networks using storage. For each network, the location, size and type of storage systems is evaluated for all possible configurations and the most attractive option is selected.
IDTechEx Research: Problems That Printed Electronics is SolvingIDTechEx
This document provides an overview of printed electronics and how it is addressing problems in various industries. It summarizes challenges in industries like retail, healthcare, wearables, vehicles, and consumer electronics related to costs, customization, form factors, and more. It then provides brief examples of how printed electronics is enabling thinner, flexible, and stretchable devices to help solve these issues through applications like sensors, displays, and energy storage. The document is an introduction to opportunities for printed electronics from IDTechEx, an emerging technology research firm.
This document discusses the properties and potential applications of graphene. It begins by listing graphene's superlative physical properties such as its strength, flexibility, conductivity and impermeability. It then outlines some potential applications of graphene such as ultra-fast internet, quick phone charging, and use in bionic devices. The document discusses different production methods for graphene and its derivatives. It provides an overview of the National Graphene Institute and Graphene Engineering Innovation Centre in the UK and their roles in developing graphene applications and commercialization through collaboration with industry partners. In closing, it notes the wide range of potential applications of graphene across various sectors.
I think it will help the beginners who are much not aware of this topic.This is a complete presentation about organic electronics.That have contain all the topics which i think would be very helpful mostly for engineering students and there are many pictures and no names in the slides so students can easily download it and paste it for their college presentation.
There are over 100,000 engineering materials to choose from. The typical design engineer should have ready access to information on 30 to 60 materials, depending on the range of applications he or she deals with.
The document discusses lasers used in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to lasers and their history in dentistry. Key topics covered include the mechanism of action of lasers, common dental laser therapies, and safety measures when using lasers. Examples are provided of how different types of lasers like CO2, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers are used for both soft tissue and hard tissue procedures in dentistry.
This document summarizes intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and its advantages over conventional radiotherapy. IMRT allows for superior dose distribution and better sparing of normal tissues by modulating the radiation beam intensity inside each treatment field. It provides more conformal dose coverage of irregularly shaped tumor targets while further reducing dose to nearby healthy tissues and critical organs. IMRT planning requires defining treatment goals and optimizing dose constraints using computer algorithms to determine the optimal intensity patterns delivered via multileaf collimators.
Medical Imaging Seminar Company PresentationsSpace IDEAS Hub
Medical Imaging - Opportunities for Business Seminar
24/01/12
Short Company Presentations
14 companies took the opportunity to present a short sales pitch of their work and interests to the audience.
Driving Healthcare Efficiency Through Mobile IT-ehealth-8iulie2010Agora Group
The document discusses how mobile IT can help drive healthcare efficiency. It outlines some of the challenges facing healthcare, including changing demographics, budget constraints, and safety incidents due to documentation errors. Mobile devices from Panasonic, like their Toughbook laptops, can help by allowing clinicians to be more effective and efficient as they are freed from physical boundaries. Case studies show benefits like 13% time savings in workflows and increased staff satisfaction. The document promotes Panasonic Toughbook laptops for their reliability, mobility, and lower total cost of ownership compared to other devices.
Knowledge management and knowledge discovery for process improvement and sust...cgiannetti
This document describes a case study using the 7 Epsilon framework to improve a foundry process through knowledge discovery and reuse. The case study focused on reducing the defect of conchoidal fractured surface in steel casting. Process data from 19 factors and the response was analyzed using principal component analysis and a co-linearity index method to identify 4 key factors influencing the response. Optimal ranges were determined for these factors and added to the knowledge repository. The knowledge reuse aims to continuously improve processes as required by ISO9001 standards.
Disruptive & Breakthrough innovations alter our world. Some domains of Technology are altering and evolving at a pace that is almost alarming. However, the future is never predictable and a breakthrough technology in a domain can revolutionaries the way the world works and conducts without much warning. The Moore's Law was expected to hit a plateau and now with advent of Quantum computing it has again become relevant and computational speeds may even outpace Moore's Law. The material technologies including nano-science will continue to excite the researchers and Bio-sciences with synergising affects of other domains of science can be predicted to take giant leaps. Artificial Intelligence is probably expected to pervade everything we touch and feel.
The document discusses bionic eyes and their technological components. It describes how a bionic eye works by having electrodes implanted on the retina that are connected to a camera, video processing unit, and wireless transmitter. The Argus II is highlighted as the most advanced retinal prosthesis currently. It summarizes the key components of a bionic eye like the camera sensor technology, video processing unit, wireless transmission, and microelectrode array. The document also outlines improvements in resolution, material biocompatibility, wireless efficiency, and decreasing costs and size over time as important future opportunities to enhance bionic eye technology.
Review of Lasers in Dentistry and Safety MeasuresIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of lasers in dentistry and safety measures. It summarizes the main types of lasers used including CO2, Nd:YAG, diode, and discusses their applications such as caries removal, gum treatment, and teeth whitening. Lasers have advantages over traditional methods like less bleeding and minimal swelling. However, safety is an important concern as different lasers have varying tissue penetration and thermal effects. Proper training, safety equipment, and adherence to exposure limits are needed to ensure safe use of lasers in clinical procedures.
This document summarizes the experience of Odette Cancer Centre in evaluating and implementing Elekta VMAT for prostate cancer patients. Key points:
1) Planning studies showed VMAT could significantly reduce treatment delivery times for prostate cases compared to IMRT and tomotherapy, without compromising dosimetry.
2) After extensive commissioning and quality assurance testing, Odette began treating their first prostate cancer patients with VMAT in 2011.
3) Initial results confirmed VMAT decreases treatment time from around 6 minutes for IMRT to around 90 seconds for a single-arc VMAT plan.
4) Faster treatment times with VMAT are expected to allow Odette to treat more patients per
2. 40 - 50 million Americans
Acne
Up to 58 million Americans
Actinic Keratosis
US Population
312 million
13 million Americans
Skin Cancer
15 million Americans
Jaundice
Why Does This Matter?
Scope Treatment Definition
3. 40 - 50 million Americans
Acne
Up to 58 million Americans
Actinic Keratosis
US Population
312 million
13 million Americans
Skin Cancer
15 million Americans
Jaundice
Why Does This Matter?What can be done?
Photosensitizing
Agent (PSA)
Blue Light
Delivery
Treatment of
Dermatological
Conditions
Photodynamic Therapy
Scope Treatment Definition
4. What is PDT?
Photodynamic Therapy
PDT is a form of light-activated treatment,
which works in conjunction with a photo-
sensitizing agent (PSA) to target and destroy
unhealthy or dangerous cells.
Photon
Activated
Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical
O2 Oxidizing
Species
(Singlet
Oxygen)
Oxidative Injury
to Cells
Cellular
Death
Scope Treatment Definition
P. Acnes PDT P. Acnes Absent
5. Current State
Problem Statement Existing Devices
For Clinicians:
• Current devices are difficult
to lift, adjust and operate
The Problem
• Existing devices are
expensive which hinders
their availability
6. Current State
Problem Statement Existing Devices
For Patients:
• Current devices are hard to adjust to
different parts of the body and various
body types
• Treatments are often uncomfortable,
dampening a patients desire to return
for treatment
The Problem
7. Design Goals
Flexibility ✗
User Interface ✗
Ergonomic ✗
Cost !
Patient Comfort ✗
Problem Statement Existing Devices
Current State
✓✗ Adequate !Poor Excellent
8. Design Goals
Flexibility ✗ !
User Interface ✗ ✗
Ergonomic ✗ !
Cost ! ✗
Patient Comfort ✗ !
Problem Statement Existing Devices
Current State
✓✗ Adequate !Poor Excellent
9. The team has submitted an
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
application and received approval
All team members have
successfully been certified
by the National Institute
of Health (NIH)
Preparation Literature ConsultationsPatents
Research
13. Flexible design for various treatment applications
Inexpensive cost to broaden accessibility
Ease of use for clinicians
Optimal patient comfort
Responsibilities Initial Concepts DecisionDesign Criteria
Design Process
17. Design Process
Responsibilities Initial ConceptsDesign Criteria Decision
Halogen LED Fiber Optics
Total Score: 1900 Total Score: 2185 Total Score: 2625
Decision Matrix:
21. Visible Light Spectrum
What wavelength light to use?
Most current PDT devices use one single light wavelength, while
different treatments require different light at different wavelengths.
Our device incorporates multiple frequencies in a single device.
412𝑛𝑚 − 422𝑛𝑚𝜆 = 423𝑛𝑚 − 750𝑛𝑚
Blue Light Therapy
(primary design objective)
Used for other forms of PDT
(expanded design objective)
Safe
Effective
Approved
Overview Treatment AreaWavelength Selection
Design Analysis
MedLiTx
22. Light Source Light Filter Array
Light Filter Array
The design gives clinicians flexibility by incorporating light at
various wavelengths in a single device for different treatments.
Patient
White Light (380-750nm) Blue light(450-475nm)Violet light(380-450nm)Red light(620-750nm)
Design Analysis
Overview Treatment AreaWavelength SelectionMedLiTx
23. Face
Arms
Hands
Legs
Chest
Back
Torso
Fitting the Patient
Theses are the physical areas
of focus established from
consultations with PDT
practitioners and literature
research.
A flexible design is important
to be able to fit all the parts
of the body comfortably.
Design Analysis
Overview Treatment AreaWavelength SelectionMedLiTx
24. • Head ≈ 9%
• Chest ≈ 9%
• Abdomen ≈ 9%
• Upper/mid/low back and buttocks ≈ 18%
• Each arm ≈ 9% (front ≈ 4.5%, back ≈ 4.5%)
• Each leg ≈ 18% total (front ≈ 9%, back ≈ 9%)
The Rule of 9
No more than 9% of the
body should be treated
by PDT at a time.
Design Analysis
Overview Treatment AreaWavelength Selection
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑖𝑇𝑥 = .1𝑚2
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 1.73𝑚2
= 𝟓. 𝟕𝟖% = % 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑎𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑖 𝑇𝑥
MedLiTx
25. Light Delivery Mat
Rubber Silicon
(Flexible, Biocompatible)
Titanium Dioxide
(Light scattering agent)
Stainless Steel Mesh
(For ductility, malleability)
Reflective Metlar Sheet
(Reflects light forward)
Side-Glow Fiber Optic Cables
(Emits light throughout mat)
Flexible
Biocompatible
Inexpensive
Sterilize with Ease
Design Features
Modularity Light WeightFlexibility User Interface
26. Interchangeable Delivery System
We designed a fiber optic coupler that allows different delivery
mechanisms to be plugged in, based on the specific treatment.
Physical Consideration
To mitigate losses when connecting fiber optic cables, the device
is designed to use cables with the same numerical aperture.
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑛1
2
− 𝑛2
2
Modularity Light WeightFlexibility
Design Features
User Interface
27. 𝑹𝑾𝑳 = 𝐿𝐶 × 𝐻𝑀 × 𝑉𝑀 × 𝐷𝑀 × 𝐴𝑀 × 𝐹𝑀 × 𝐶𝑀
= 10 × 7.2 × 1.11 × .87 × .55 × .95 × 1 =
Height ≈ 72 in
Load Constant ≈ 10Lb
Coupling Multiplier= 1
Vertical Location ≈ 36 in
Asymmetry Angle ≈ 140°
Horizontal Multiplier=7.2
Frequency Multiplier=.95
Vertical Travel Distance ≈ 36 in
Distance Multiplier=.82+(1.8/36)=.87
Asymmetry Multiplier=1-.0032*140=.552
Vertical Multiplier= 1-(.003*[36-75])=1.117
NIOSH Lifting Limit Formula
Based on the design specifications the Recommended Weight Limit is:
𝟑𝟔. 𝟔𝟗 𝑳𝒃=
Design Features
Modularity Light WeightFlexibility User Interface
34. Appendices
IE Contributions
User Interface Flowchart
Design Criteria
Photodynamic Therapy Chemical Process
Responsibilities
Light Mechanism / Treatment Safety
ME Contributions
Prototype Manufacturing Process
List of Terms(A-H)
List of Terms(I-Z)
Prototype Costs
39. Optimal patient comfort
Ease of use for clinicians
Inexpensive cost to broaden accessibility
Flexible design for various treatment applications
Design Criteria
Appendix
Appendix
40. Photodynamic Therapy
PDT is a form of light-activated treatment,
which works in conjunction with a photo-
sensitizing agent (PSA) to target and destroy
unhealthy or dangerous cells.
Photon
Activated
Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical
O2 Oxidizing
Species
(Singlet
Oxygen)
Oxidative Injury
to Cells
Cellular
Death
Appendix
Photodynamic Therapy Chemical Process
Appendix
43. Appendix
Appendix
Prototype Costs
Parts Unit Cost QTY Total Cost
2 mm Solid Core: Side Glow Fiber $2.75/ft 40 $110
125 grams Titanium Dioxide $4.30 1 $4.30
2 mil Reflective Metlar $2 1 $2.00
Moldmax 27T Silicone 1 Gallon $88.82 1 $88.82
5mm Solid Core End glow Fiber $3./ft 70 $210
150 Watt Metal Halide Illuminator w/8 color
wheel
$400 1 $400
Illuminator-End glow fiber Coupler $60 1 $0
End glow-Side glow fiber Coupler $60 1 $0
Silicone Mold $180 1 $0
Prototype Parts Cost: $815.12
Additional Manufacturing Costs
Coupler Machining $60/hr 2 $120
Mold Machining $60/hr 3 $180
Silicone Molding $60/hr 3 $60
Assembly $60/hr 3 $60
Additional Mfg. Cost: $420
Total Cost $1,235
44. Appendix
Appendix
List of Terms (A-H)
Actinic Keratosis: An overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
Analgesia: A deadening or absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
Apoptosis: a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself
Biocompatible: Not harmful to living tissue
Cladding: A covering or coating on a structure or material
Claustrophobia: Extreme or irrational fear of confined places
Coagulation necrosis: A type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. This is in contrast
to apoptosis, which is a naturally occurring cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to
the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal.
Collimator: A device for producing a parallel beam of rays or radiation
Dermatology: The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders
Dosiology: The study and determination of the doses in which medicines should be administered
Dosimetry: The accurate measurement of doses, especially of radiation
Drug-to-light interval: The period of time between when the drug is given and when the light is applied
Epithelial tissue: Epithelium; membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body
Facilitator: A device, tool, or person that helps to bring an outcome by providing indirect or unobtrusive assistance,
guidance, or supervision
Hysteresis: The phenomenon in which the value of a physical property lags behind changes in the effect causing it
45. Appendix
Appendix
Illuminator: A device for producing, concentrating, or reflecting light
Intravenous: Existing within, or administered into, a vein or veins.
Irradiation: Exposure to radiant energy (heat, x-rays, etc.) for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes
Jaundice: A medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and
typically caused by an accumulation of bile pigment
Levulan: Topical medication manufactured by DUSA, to be used in conjunction with their blue light to treat acne
Metvixia: Topical medication often administered along with PDT to make skin more sensitive to light
Noninvasive: Not penetrating the body, as by incision or injection
Oncology: The study of Cancer. The branch of medical science dealing with tumors, including the origin, development,
diagnosis, and treatment of malignant neoplasms
Palliative Nursing: form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of diease symptoms, rather than
striving to halt, delay or reverse progression of the disease itself or provide a cure
Pathology: The Science of the causes and effects of diseases, the typical behavior of a disease
Photosensitization: skin condition marked by heightened sensitivity to artificial and natural light
Photosensitizer: A light-absorbing substance that initiates a photochemical or photo-physical reaction in another substance
(molecule), and is not consumed in the reaction
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A form of light-activated therapy that may use oral or topical photosensitizing agents (PSA)
Spectrometer: An instrument used for measuring wavelengths of light
Sub-dermally: beneath the skin
Topically: Locally; to a restricted area of the body
Zimmer: the air hose used in light therapy to minimize burning sensation caused by light using cold air
List of Terms (I-Z)