Polycystic ovarian diseases (PCOD) is a common gynaecological endocrine disorder with a occurence vary from 8.1% to 17.8% in reproductive age group.women with PCOD is characterised by polycystic ovaries,oligovulation and hyperandrogenism. definition: Polycystic ovarian disease is a medical condition in which the woman ovaries produce immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers and over the time these become cysts in ovaries. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS : Family history: there is 50% possibility of getting PCOD among the women whose immediate female relatives suffer from PCOD. With increase in age this PCOD may lead to type 2 diabetes , as PCOD is a risk factor for developing diabetes. Insulin resistance and lifestyle: About 70% women with PCOD have peripheral insulin resistance. The pancreas produces insulin, which is a hormone to help the body use sugar from foods for energy. Due to insulin resistance the cells can’t use insulin properly and the body’s demand for insulin increases. To compensate the body produce more insulin. Bad Dietary choices:Due to high carbohydrate diet intake, stress and hormonal imbalance(increase androgen level) also leads to pcod. Obesity: A higher weight may worsen insulin resistance and the symptoms of PCOD. Accumulation of Toxins Weakened immune system SIGNS ANG SYMPTOMS: Common signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian disease include: Menstrual problems: Irregular menses Missed period Oligomenorrhea No menstrual periods Heavy menstrual periods Infertility: Lack of ovulation can cause infertility. Hormonal imbalances: Acne (pimples over the face) (Thining of hair (androgenic alopecia). Excessive hair growth over the face, chest, thighs, abdomen, legs, arms, back, chin, toes. Flanking skin (oily skin). Obesity Over weight gain. Apple shaped figure. Waist size may increased Other symptoms: Fatigue Depression Stress Lack of sleep Headache Increased weight gain Breathing difficulties Anxiety Hair loss DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: 1. History collection: During history collection the women having symptoms like: Menstrual problems Sleeping disturbance Pimple over the face Hirustism Oily skin Obesity PCOD can be confirmed if atleast two symptoms are present : Increased level of Androgen Oligovulation(Irregular menses) Cysts in ovaries as shown in an ultrasound. Collect the history about : Women having any family history, previous endocrine disease, poor immune system, effects of drugs like valporate. Exposure of radiation Women having enlarged thyroid gland, and hair loss 2. Physical examination: On head to foot assessment the women having problems like Pimple over the face Excessive hair growth Dark patches over the neck, breast, arms, chin, in between the thighs, knuckles. In vital signs the women have increased blood pressure and increased respiration rate. Increased body mass index and waist and hip ratio Waist measurement greater than 35 inches or waist big.

1. ARMY COLLEGE OF NURSING
SUBJECT - MIDWIFERY AND OBSTETRIC NURSING
TOPIC - POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASES
PRESENTED BY -
NIKETA THAKUR
MIDWIFERY AND OBSTETRIC NURSING
BSC NURSING IV YEAR

2. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN
DISEASE
(PCOD)

3. OUTLINE
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS
DEFINITION
INCIDENCE RATE
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
MANAGEMENT
COMPLICATION

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The female reproductive organ is one
of the vital organ of Human
Reproductive System.
OVARY:
Shape- The ovaries are small almond
shaped organ.
Size- oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in
thickness, 2.5 cm in wide, 3.5 cm in
length.
Location- ovary is located on each side
of the uterus, below and behind of the
uterine tube.

5. Functions
• Produce oocyte.
• Produce sex steroid hormones.
• Help in normal menstruation.
• Help in normal fertility function.

6. INTRODUCTION
• Polycystic Ovarian Disease is
a common gynaecological
endocrine disorder with a
occurrence vary from 8.1% to
17.8% in reproductive age
group women.
• Women with PCOD are
characterised by Polycystic
ovaries ,oligovulation and
hyperandrogenism .

7. INCIDENCE RATE
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome ia a
hormonal condition that affects
approximately 5 to 10% of
women in their childbearing ages
that is 14 to 45 years.
• While the prevalence of PCOD
differs ,it affects around 9 to 22%
of Indian women .
• Also it affects 4 to 20% of women
of reproductive age worldwide. .

8. DEFINITION
Polycystic ovarian disease is a
medical condition in which the
woman ovaries produce immature
or partially mature eggs in large
numbers and over the time these
become cysts in ovaries.

9. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS
 FAMILY HISTORY
 INSULIN RESISTANCE
 BAD DIETARY HABITS
 OBESITY
 ACCUMULATION OF
TOXINS
 WEAKENED IMMUNE
SYSTEM

10. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Menstrual problems:
 Irregular menses
 Missed period
 Oligomenorrhea
 No menstrual periods
 Heavy menstrual periods
• Infertility:
 Lack of ovulation can cause infertility.
• Hormonal imbalances:
 Acne (pimples over the face)
 (Thining of hair (androgenic alopecia).
 Excessive hair growth over the face, chest,
thighs, abdomen, legs, arms, back, chin,
toes.

11. CONT.......
 Flanking skin (oily skin).
 Obesity
 Over weight gain.
 Apple shaped figure.
 Waist size may increased
• Other symptoms:
 Fatigue
 Depression
 Stress
 Lack of sleep
 Headache
 Increased weight gain
 Hair loss

12. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• PELVIC EXAMINATION
• BLOOD TESTS
 SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN
 DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE
 ANDROSTENODIONE
 ESTROGEN
 FSH AND LH
 TSH
 PROLACTIN
 LH:FSH RATIO
 GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
 LIPID PROFILE
• ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION

13. MANAGEMENT
• NON - PHARMACOLOGICAL
 EXERCISE
 DIETARY MODIFICATION
 LIFESTYLE CHANGES

14. MANAGEMENT
• PHARMACOLGICAL INTERVENTION:
 MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY:
ADULT: CONCEIVE- PROGESTERONE
NOT CONCEIVE- COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE (DROSPIRENONE, DESOGESTREL)
ADOLESCENT: LOW DOSE COCs(WITH OR WITHOUT ANTIANDROGENIC PROGESTINS)
• HYPERANDROGENISM:
MANAGEMENT OF HIRSUTISM:
 COCs(FIRST LINE DRUG)
 MECHANICAL HAIR REMOVAL METHOD > Permanent method(electrolysis and photoepilation)
> Temporary method (depilation,epilationand bleaching)
> Topical treatment (eflornithine)

16. CONT......
• PHARMACOLGICAL INTERVENTION:
MANAGEMENT OF ACNE :
 PHYSICAL TREATMENT > Lesions removal
> Phototherapy
 TOPICAL APPLICATIONS > Benzoyl peroxide
> Topical retinoids
> Topical Antibiotics
MANAGEMENT OF ALOPECIA :
 COCs AND ANDROGEN BLOCKERS

17. COMPLICATIONS
• EARLY COMPLICATION:
 INFERTILITY
 OBSTETRICAL COMPLICATIONS
• LONG TERM COMPLICATION:
 CARDIVASCULAR DISEASES
 CANCER
 PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS

18. SUMMARIZATION
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS
DEFINITION
INCIDENCE RATE
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
MANAGEMENT
COMPLICATION

19. Thank YOU
THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR COOPERATION