The document outlines the six kingdoms of life - Monera, Fungi, Plants, Animals, Bacteria, and Protista. It provides key details about each kingdom: Monera are prokaryotic and can be both unicellular and multicellular; Fungi are eukaryotic and can be unicellular or multicellular and reproduce both sexually and asexually; Plants are eukaryotic and multicellular, contain chlorophyll, and obtain nutrients through photosynthesis; Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic and obtain nutrients by eating other organisms and range in size; Bacteria can reproduce sexually or asexually and obtain nutrients from other organisms; Protista
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION - FIVE KINGDOMS - VIRUS & VIROIDS.Sruthy Chandran
1. KINGDOM MONERA
Unicellular and Prokaryotic.
True nucleus is absent.
Monerans are mainly Bacterias.
Mostly have a rigid cell wall.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food)or Heterotrophic(depending on other organisms for food).
Have two Major groups:-
1. Eubacteria(true bacteria).It includes bacteria and cynobacteia.
2.Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
2.KINGDOM PROTISTA
Unicellular and Eukaryotic.
True nucleus is Present.
Protista are mainly Protozoans.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food) or Hetetopic(depending on other organisms for food).
3.KINGDOM FUNGI
Mainly have Multicellular body with the exception of yeast which is unicellular fungi.
True nucleus is Present.
Their cell wall is made up of chitin ( a tough complex sugar ).
Their body is in the form of interwoven mass of fine thread like structures called Mycelium (a bunch of fine thread structures are called Mycelium).
The particular or individual thread structure is called Hyphae.
They have saprophytic nutrition i.e. live on the dead and decaying matter. Hence they are also called Saprophytes.
4.KINGDOM PLANTAE
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular.
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Autotrophic (photosynthesis).
Cells have wall made of cellulose.
Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage.
5.KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular .
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system).
Cells lack cell walls.
Most are motile.
Have a nervous system.
Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula).
VIRUS
Quite small, 20-300 nm.
Obligate intracellular parasite.
Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea.
Non living structures.
Contain a protein coat called the capsid.
Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.
Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell.
A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material (DNA) and protein that can invade living cells.
VIROIDS
Mostly plant pathogens.
Consists solely of small single- stranded circular RNA molecule having 250-370 nucleotides long.
The RNA of a viriod doesn’t encode any gene products; so they can’t replicate themselves.
No protein coat.
A VIROID is a… VIR(virus)OID(like) particle.
Are infectious particles.
Cause certain plant and human diseases.
Consists only of Nucleic Acid (RNA) .
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION - FIVE KINGDOMS - VIRUS & VIROIDS.Sruthy Chandran
1. KINGDOM MONERA
Unicellular and Prokaryotic.
True nucleus is absent.
Monerans are mainly Bacterias.
Mostly have a rigid cell wall.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food)or Heterotrophic(depending on other organisms for food).
Have two Major groups:-
1. Eubacteria(true bacteria).It includes bacteria and cynobacteia.
2.Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
2.KINGDOM PROTISTA
Unicellular and Eukaryotic.
True nucleus is Present.
Protista are mainly Protozoans.
Microscopic organisms.
Have various modes of nutrition, could be Autotrophic(make their own food) or Hetetopic(depending on other organisms for food).
3.KINGDOM FUNGI
Mainly have Multicellular body with the exception of yeast which is unicellular fungi.
True nucleus is Present.
Their cell wall is made up of chitin ( a tough complex sugar ).
Their body is in the form of interwoven mass of fine thread like structures called Mycelium (a bunch of fine thread structures are called Mycelium).
The particular or individual thread structure is called Hyphae.
They have saprophytic nutrition i.e. live on the dead and decaying matter. Hence they are also called Saprophytes.
4.KINGDOM PLANTAE
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular.
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Autotrophic (photosynthesis).
Cells have wall made of cellulose.
Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage.
5.KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Eukaryotic.
Multicellular .
Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs.
Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system).
Cells lack cell walls.
Most are motile.
Have a nervous system.
Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula).
VIRUS
Quite small, 20-300 nm.
Obligate intracellular parasite.
Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea.
Non living structures.
Contain a protein coat called the capsid.
Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA.
Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell.
A virus is a noncellular particle made up of genetic material (DNA) and protein that can invade living cells.
VIROIDS
Mostly plant pathogens.
Consists solely of small single- stranded circular RNA molecule having 250-370 nucleotides long.
The RNA of a viriod doesn’t encode any gene products; so they can’t replicate themselves.
No protein coat.
A VIROID is a… VIR(virus)OID(like) particle.
Are infectious particles.
Cause certain plant and human diseases.
Consists only of Nucleic Acid (RNA) .
What single , unique characteristic of a protist would be conside.pdfivylinvaydak64229
What single , unique characteristic of a protist would be considered most animal - like ? Fungus
- like ? Plant - like ?
What single , unique characteristic of a protist would be considered most animal - like ? Fungus
- like ? Plant - like ?
Solution
Kingdom protista iis the most diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. They exhibit most diverese
forms of obtaining nutrition, movement etc.
Like animals, protozoan protists, do not make their own food, rather they obtain food from their
environment. Thus they are heterotrophs, that move around and obtain food.
Like fungus, protists occur in both unicellular and multicellular forms, feeding on decaying
organic matter, and reproducing by forming spores.
Also,some protists resemble plants and algae as they are autotrophs and they produce their own
food. Presence of chloroplast have been found in some species of protists..
contains detailed information about classification of life system
in particular three domains of classification sytem of living organism
into prokarya archea eukarya
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2. monera *Monera is prokaryotic because it doesn’t have a nucleaus. *Monera taxonomic kingdom that compresses prokaryotic cells. *Monera is both unicellular and multicellular.
