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Patrick Jadallah , 7 5 y ea rs old, presented to the ER with fever, shortness of
breath, diffused chest pain, and severe, productive cough . H e was
immediately put on oxygen because of his severe respiratory distress. A chest
x-ray revealed a right lower lobe infiltrate, and he was admitted to the
hospital. Blood , sputum, urine, and blood cultures were collected.
A direct Gram stain of the sputum specimen revealed the following:
Many neutrophils (>25 per low power field)
Rare squamous epithelial cells (<1 per low power field)
Many Gram positive diplococci in short chains (>25 per oil immersion field)
Few Gram negative diplococci (<10 per oil immersion field)
Few Gram positive bacilli (<10 per oil immersion field)
After overnight incubation, the BAP revealed a mixture of two colony types:
rare, non-hemolytic, tiny, white, dry-looking colonies were present; along
with a predominance of small, wet, convex, (crater-form), entire-edged
colonies with a gre ening of the agar around them. The blood was run for
routine blood chemistries and CBC which showed unremarkable results. The
urine culture showed no growth at 24 hours, and the blood cultures were
negative after 5 days incubation.
Based on the direct Gram stain, is the sputum specimen of acceptable quality
to provide clinically relevant information? Why or why not?

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  • 1. Patrick Jadallah , 7 5 y ea rs old, presented to the ER with fever, shortness of breath, diffused chest pain, and severe, productive cough . H e was immediately put on oxygen because of his severe respiratory distress. A chest x-ray revealed a right lower lobe infiltrate, and he was admitted to the hospital. Blood , sputum, urine, and blood cultures were collected. A direct Gram stain of the sputum specimen revealed the following: Many neutrophils (>25 per low power field) Rare squamous epithelial cells (<1 per low power field) Many Gram positive diplococci in short chains (>25 per oil immersion field) Few Gram negative diplococci (<10 per oil immersion field) Few Gram positive bacilli (<10 per oil immersion field) After overnight incubation, the BAP revealed a mixture of two colony types: rare, non-hemolytic, tiny, white, dry-looking colonies were present; along with a predominance of small, wet, convex, (crater-form), entire-edged colonies with a gre ening of the agar around them. The blood was run for routine blood chemistries and CBC which showed unremarkable results. The urine culture showed no growth at 24 hours, and the blood cultures were negative after 5 days incubation. Based on the direct Gram stain, is the sputum specimen of acceptable quality to provide clinically relevant information? Why or why not?