pathological variation in WBC
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This document discusses pathological variations in white blood cells (WBCs) and the substances secreted by different WBC types. It describes conditions that can cause increases or decreases in different WBC counts, such as infections causing leukocytosis or neutropenia from bone marrow disorders. The document also outlines the actions of substances secreted by neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, such as myeloperoxidases destroying microorganisms or interleukin-2 accelerating inflammatory responses.
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pathological variation in WBC
- 1. MUHAMMAD KAMIL KHAN Pathological variation in WBC
- 3. PATHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS • Leukocytosis 1. Infections 2. Allergy 3. Common cold 4. Tuberculosis 5. Glandular fever. • Leukemia It is also called blood cancer. (1,000,000/cu mm.)
- 4. • Leukopenia 1. Anaphylactic shock 2. Cirrhosis of liver 3. Disorders of spleen 4. Pernicious anemia 5. Typhoid and paratyphoid 6. Viral infections.
- 5. Substance or chemical secreted from the granules of WBC
- 6. Disorder Variation Conditions Neutrophilia or neutrophilic leukocytosis Increase in neutrophil count 1. Acute infections 2. Metabolic disorders 3. Injection of foreign proteins 4. Injection of vaccines 5. Poisoning by chemicals and drugs like lead, mercury, camphor, benzene derivatives, etc. 6. Poisoning by insect venom 7. After acute hemorrhage Neutropenia Decrease in neutrophil count 1. Bone marrow disorders 2. Tuberculosis 3. Typhoid 4. Autoimmune diseases Eosinophilia Increase in eosinophil count 1. Allergic conditions like asthma 2. Blood parasitism (malaria, filariasis) 3. Intestinal parasitism 4. Scarlet fever
- 7. Eosinopenia Decrease in eosinophil count 1. Cushing’s syndrome 2. Bacterial infections 3. Stress 4. Prolonged administration of drugs like steroids, ACTH and epinephrine Basophilia Increase in basophil count 1. Smallpox 2. Chickenpox 3. Polycythemia vera Basopenia Decrease in basophil count 1. Urticaria (skin disorder) 2. Stress 3. Prolonged exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy Monocytosis Increase in monocyte count 1. Tuberculosis 2. Syphilis 3. Malaria 4. Kala-azar
- 8. Monocytopenia Decrease in monocyte count Prolonged use of prednisone (immunosuppressant steroid) Lymphocytosis Increase in lymphocyte count 1. Diphtheria 2. Infectious hepatitis 3. Mumps 4. Malnutrition 5. Rickets 6. Syphilis 7. Thyrotoxicosis 8. Tuberculosis Lymphocytopenia Decrease in lymphocyte count 1. AIDS 2. Hodgkin’s disease (cancer of lymphatic system) 3. Malnutrition 4. Radiation therapy 5. Steroid administration
- 9. •Substances secreted by the granules of WBCs And their action
- 10. Substances secreted by WBCs WBC Substance secreted Action Neutrophil Proteases Myeloperoxidases Elastases Metalloproteinases Destruction of microorganisms Defensins Antimicrobial action Anti-inflammatory action Wound healing Chemotaxis Cathelicidins NADPH oxidase Platelet-activating factor Antimicrobial action Bactericidal action Aggregation of platelets
- 11. WBC Substance secreted Action Eosinophil Eosinophil peroxidase Major basic protein Eosinophil cationic protein Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin Interleukin-4 and 5 Destruction of worms, bacteria and tumor cells Destruction of worms Destruction of worms neurotoxic action neurotoxic action Acceleration of inflammatory response Destruction of invading organisms
- 12. WBC Substance secreted Action Basophil Heparin, Histamine, Bradykinin, Serotonin Proteases, Myeloperoxidases Interleukin-4 Prevention of intravascular blood clotting Production of acute hypersensitivity reactions Destruction of microorganisms Acceleration of inflammatory response Destruction of invading organisms
- 13. WBC Substance secreted Action Monocyte Interleukin-1 Colony stimulation factor Platelet-activating factor Chemokines Acceleration of inflammatory response Destruction of invading organisms Formation of colony forming blastocytes Aggregation of platelets Chemotaxis
- 14. WBC Substance secreted Action T lymphocytes Interleukin-2, 4 and 5 Gamma interferon Lysosomal enzymes Tumor necrosis factor Chemokines Acceleration of inflammatory response Destruction of invading organisms Activation of T cells Stimulation of phagocytic actions of cytotoxic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells Destruction of invading organisms Necrosis of tumor Activation of immune system Promotion of inflammation Chemotaxis
- 15. WBC Substance secreted Action B lymphocytes Immunoglobulins Tumor necrosis factor Chemokines Destruction of invading organisms Necrosis of tumor Activation of immune system Acceleration of inflammatory response Chemotaxis