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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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“MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM”
IN ENGLISH
PATENT DUCTUS
ARTERIOSUS

2. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
The ductus arteriosus, is a blood vessel
in the developing fetus connecting the
trunk of the pulmonary artery to the
proximal descending aorta. It allows most
of the blood from the right ventricle to
bypass the fetus's non-functioning lungs. It
blocks and disappear after birth when lung
starts functioning.

3. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is
a congenital defect in which
the ductus arteriosus fails to
close after birth. this allows a
portion of oxygenated blood from
the left heart to flow back to the
lungs via the aorta to the
pulmonary artery.

4. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
A small patent ductus arteriosus often doesn't
cause problems and might never need treatment.
However, a large patent ductus arteriosus left
untreated can allow poorly oxygenated blood to
flow in the wrong direction, weakening the heart
muscle and causing heart failure and other
complications.

5. Sign and symptoms of
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus symptoms vary with the size of the defect
and whether the baby is full term or premature. A small PDA might
cause no signs or symptoms and go undetected for some time —
even until adulthood. A large PDA can cause signs of heart failure
soon after birth.
first of all the defect present with a heart murmur while listening to
the baby's heart through a stethoscope.

6. Sign and symptoms of
PDA
Pulse pressure is increased
Sweating with crying or eating
Persistent fast breathing or breathlessness
Easy tiring
Rapid heart rate

7. Diagnostic Investigations-
Physical examination-auscultaion of chest.
Echocardiography
Chest X-ray.

8. Treatment-
Treatments for patent ductus arteriosus depend on the age of
the person being treated. Options might include:
Watchful waiting.
Medications.
Surgical closure.
Catheter procedures.

9. Watchful waiting.
In a premature baby, a PDA often closes on its own.
The doctor will monitor the baby's heart to make sure
the open blood vessel is closing properly. For full-term
babies, children and adults who have small PDAs that
aren't causing other health problems, monitoring might
be all that's needed.

10.  Medications.
In a premature baby, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) — such as ibuprofen or indomethacin
might be used to help close a PDA. NSAIDs block the
hormone like chemicals in the body that keep the PDA
open. NSAIDs won't close a PDA in full-term babies,
children or adults.

11.  Surgical closure.
A surgeon makes a small cut between the child's ribs to reach
the child's heart and repair the open duct using stitches or
clips.
After the surgery, the child will remain in the hospital for
several days for observation. It usually takes a few weeks for
a child to fully recover from heart surgery.

12. Catheter procedures.
In a catheter procedure, a thin tube (catheter) is
inserted into a blood vessel in the groin and
threaded up to the heart. Through the catheter, a
plug or coil is inserted to close the ductus
arteriosus.

13. Nursing Management -
-Observation of respiratory and cardiac status is very
important nursing care in PDA.
- If signs of respiratory distress are noted, the children
should be placed in semi fowler's position.
- all the medications are given on time, parents are
involved in the care.

14. Nursing Management -
- Intake output chart is maintained so that nutritional
status and water balance is assessed.
- If surgery or catheterization procedure is scheduled,
inform the parents about the procedure and prepare
them for surgery.
- Anxiety level of parents is assessed and
psychological support is provided to alleviate anxiety.

15. Nursing Management -
 vital signs are monitored such as heart rate , respiratory rate
and temperature and recorded.
 Surgical site care is provided with aseptic technique to
prevent infection and promote healing.
Other Nursing interventions – includes all nursing care of
hospitalized child that we have discussed in previous lecture
under heading Nursing care of hospitalized child in the lecture
“Child Health Nursing”.

16. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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