BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
POPULATION
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF POPULATION
BIRTH- Natural process in which parents give rise to new offspring.
DEATH- Reduces the number of existing individuals in a population.
MIGRATION- Movement of individuals into or out of the population.
IMMIGRATION- Movement of individuals into the population.
EMIGRATION- Movement of individuals out of the population.
PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH
BIOTIC POTENTIAL- Maximum reproductive capacity of an organism given that the resources are unlimited.
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH- Capacity of a population to increase continuously without showing any signs of stabling or declining.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT POPULATION GROWTH OR SIZE
LIMITING FACTORS
-control the growth, size, and distribution of organisms
COMPETITION
ABIOTIC FACTORS
PREDATOR-PREY RELATIOSHIP
POPULATION DENSITY
EXTINCTION
Some famous mass extinction events
Causes of Extinction
BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
POPULATION
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF POPULATION
BIRTH- Natural process in which parents give rise to new offspring.
DEATH- Reduces the number of existing individuals in a population.
MIGRATION- Movement of individuals into or out of the population.
IMMIGRATION- Movement of individuals into the population.
EMIGRATION- Movement of individuals out of the population.
PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH
BIOTIC POTENTIAL- Maximum reproductive capacity of an organism given that the resources are unlimited.
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH- Capacity of a population to increase continuously without showing any signs of stabling or declining.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT POPULATION GROWTH OR SIZE
LIMITING FACTORS
-control the growth, size, and distribution of organisms
COMPETITION
ABIOTIC FACTORS
PREDATOR-PREY RELATIOSHIP
POPULATION DENSITY
EXTINCTION
Some famous mass extinction events
Causes of Extinction
Plant Diversity lecture covering Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, based on Chapters 29 and 30 from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
Plant Diversity lecture covering Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms, based on Chapters 29 and 30 from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
A Powerpoint intended for the South African Grade 11 Life Sciences syllabus. Contains information on plant classification, diversity, reproduction, the plant 'life cycle' and more.
Environmental Science Table of Contents 37 L.docxYASHU40
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
It should be noted that diversity at one of these levels may
not correspond with diversity within other levels. The degree
of biodiversity, and thus the health of an ecosystem, is im-
pacted when any part of that ecosystem becomes endan-
gered or extinct.
The term species refers to a group of similar organisms that
reproduce among themselves. Species diversity refers to
the variation within and between populations of species, as
well as between different species. Sexual reproduction criti-
cally contributes to the variation within species. For exam-
ple, a pea plant that is cross-fertilized with another pea plant
can produce offspring with four different looks! This genetic
mixing creates the diversity seen today.
Figure 1: There are more than 32,000 species of
fish – more than any other vertebrate!
39
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity examines the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in
the biosphere, as well as variation within an individual ecosystem. The differences in rainforests and deserts
represent the variation between ecosystems. The physical characteristics that determine ecosystem diversity
are complex, and include biotic and abiotic factors.
? Did You Know...
A present day example of natural
selection can be seen in the cray-
fish population. The British crayfish
are crustaceans that live in rivers in
England. The American crayfish
was introduced to the same bodies
of water that were already populat-
ed by the British crayfish. The
American crayfish are larger, more
aggressive and carry an infection
that kills British crayfish but to
which they are immune. As a re-
sult, the British crayfish are de-
creasing in number and are ex-
pected to become extinct in Britain
within the next 50 years. Thus, the
American crayfish have a genetic
variation that gives them an ad-
vantage over the British crayfish to
survive and reproduce.
The variation of genes within individual ...
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Lichens=(Algae+Fungi) Symbiotic Association (Phycobiont+ Mycobiont), Idealistic marriage, Pioneers species of Xerosere succession Shows Dual Nature, Trinity=(One Algae+Two Fungi), Natural farmers, it melt stone convert stone to soil particles
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
12. Time Era Period Epoch Plants & Microorganisms 10, 000 years ago to present Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene Decline of some woody plants; rise of herbaceous plants. 2 Pleistocene Extinction of many plant species.
13. 5 Cenozoic Tertiary Pliocene Development of grasslands; decline of forest. 25 Miocene Flowering plants continue to diversify. 38 Oligocene Spread of forests; flowering plants. 55 Eocene Gymnosperms & flowering plants dominant. 65 Paleocene Many now-extinct woody flowering plants.