My project Presentation of M.tech

1. Presented By :
PARVEZ ALAM
M.Tech (pro.)
188120005
Deptt. of Mechanical Engineering
GLA University, Mathura
“Characterization & Performance Analysis of nano-particles
Embedded Phase Change Materials in Heat Storage System”
( Under the Guidance of Dr. Naveen Kumar Gupta)
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Objectives
 Characterization
 Experimentation
 Conclusions
 Publications
 References
2

3. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
 Energy demands vary on daily, weekly and seasonal bases.
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is helpful for balancing
between the supply and demand of energy.
 Thermal energy storage (TES) is defined as the temporary
holding of thermal energy in the form of hot or cold
substances for later utilization.
 Increase system reliability which reduces the peak of
energy generation.
 Reduction in costs of generation.
3

4. INTRODUCTION
 In thermal energy storage process heat energy is stored and
utilizes this energy for other beneficial works. This process
is divided into two main types which are sensible heat
storage and latent heat storage.
4

5.  The temperature of thermal energy storage in sensible heat type is
changed to create new energies and stored them like in brine, soil,
water, etc. But in Latent TES systems, the energy phase
transformation can be stored and utilize later like: solid to liquid
(heat), liquid to solid.
 In this experiment, the latent thermal energy systems should
consider for energy stored for melting and recovered at the
freezing time of PCM usage.
 Basically, the main component of TES is phase change material
(PCM), which is classified into phase change process like solid to
liquid; solid to solid; liquid to gas.
 Although PCMs have these desirable properties, they still have
some drawbacks which are low thermal conductivity (lead), and
rate of heat storage and extraction at the time of melting and
solidification process. To overcome these drawbacks, nano-
materials can be used to enhance the desirable properties.
5
Contd…

6. Advantages :
 Increase generation capacity.
 Reduction of costs of generation.
 An efficient and alternative method of water heating.
 Simple in construction.
 Easy to fabricate.
 Maintenance free system.
 Repairing and replacing of the components are easy.
 No moving parts.
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7. 7
REF. AUTHOR’S PCM Type Nano-material Methodology CONCLUSIONS
(Babaei et al.,
2013)
n-octadecane CNT and Al2O3 Theoretical The thermal conductivity of mixture improved
by 65%.
(Reddy et al.,
2018)
Paraffin wax Filler graphite Theoretical The maximum TC obtained for the paraffin wax
with 10% weight fraction comes to be 662.5 %
(Wang & Xie,
2010)
Palmitic acid CNT Experimental The thermal conductivity of the palmitic acid
was enhanced by 28 wt%.
(Li et al., 2013) Paraffin wax Graphite Experimental The thermal conductivity was increased by 743
% compared to pure paraffin wax.
(Nurten et al.,
2015)
Paraffin Fe3O4 Experimental The TC of the paraffin was enhanced by 82 %
at adding nanoparticle concentration of 21 wt%.
(Udayakumar &
Suresh, 2012)
Paraffin CuO Experimental The thermal conductivity of composite PCM
improved by 6.7%.
(Motahar et al.,
2017)
noctadecane TiO2 Experimental Addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the n-
octadecane PCM which increased the thermal
conductivity by 15.25 wt%.
(Khodadadi &
Hosseinizadeh,
2007)
Paraffin wax Cu Experimental The thermal conductivity of paraffin PCM was
enhanced by 34.3 % and 76 % by at volume
fractions of 0.1 wt. % and 0.2 wt. %,
respectively.
(Ho & Gao, 2013) noctadecane Aluminum Experimental The TC was enhanced by 21 % and 29% at
weight fraction of 6 wt% and 12 wt%
respectively.
(Tang et al., 2012) SiO2 composite
PCM
Cu Experimental The TC was improved by 35.1 % at weight
fraction of 5 wt%.
LITERATURE REVIEW

8. OBJECTIVES
 Characterization of nano-particles embedded Phase
Change Material (paraffin wax) used for Thermal Energy
Storage.
 To determine the thermal performance of energy storage
system (using nano-particles embedded PCM).
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9. CHARACTERIZATION
 Sample Preparation:
Materials selection
 Preparation of NPCM composites
 Material property characterization:
 SEM analysis
 FT-IR spectroscopy
 Particle size/Zeta Potential Analyzer
 Measurement of thermal physical properties
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10. Material Selection:
 Selected PCM:
Paraffin Wax (melting point: 52–58 °C)
 Selected Nano-materials:
Graphene and Carbon Nano-tube (CNT)
(Graphene has a thickness of 4–7 nm and plane diameter of 80 ⁄ 80 µm and
CNT with a length of 10 µm and diameter of 11 nm)
 Preparation of sample: 3 sample prepared
a) Pure PCM
b) PCM and Graphene
c) PCM and CNT
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11. Graphen
e
CNT
PCM
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12. Preparation of PCM composites loading nano-materials:
 At first, the paraffin wax was heated in a water bath at 70 0C.
 Nanoparticles were stirred with liquid paraffin PCM in
different mass fractions of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% respectively.
 Homogeneous mixtures of paraffin and nanomaterials were
prepared. Mechanical stirrer was used for 30 minutes[6].
 Ultrasonic vibrations were used for next 30 min to ensure the
proper mixing.
 Finally, liquid mixtures were cooled up-to the room
temperature.
 After sample preparation, characterization have been done in
Materials Research Centre (MNIT, JAIPUR).
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13. The final sample of nano-enhanced phase change material (NPCMs) 13

14. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
 Micro morphology analysis:
14
FESEM Images: PCM+GRAPHENE

15. Contd…
15
FESEM Images: PCM+CNT

16.  Both of these nanomaterials
composite PCM images show
that the additives are uniformly
distributed in based PCM and
these additives help in
enhancing the higher thermal
conductivities as compare to
pure paraffin(PCM).
 From the SEM images, it was
also observed that both additives
got arranged in the same
direction as incorporated in the
pure paraffin and settled in holes
of pure PCM (paraffin).
16
Contd…
FESEM at Material Research
Centre (MNIT, Jaipur)

17.  TR-FTIR analysis:
17
Contd…
Pure PCM

18. Contd…
PCM + Graphene
18

19. Contd…
PCM + CNT
19

20.  Chemical stability of composite
PCM was observed by Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy.
 The peaks of these samples are
identical indicating the good
stability of NPCMs.
 Therefore, good thermal and
chemical stability of both PCM
and nano-materials could
reinforce the long-term use for
thermal energy storage.
20
Contd…
FT-IR at Material Research Centre
(MNIT, Jaipur)

21.  Thermal conductive properties:
21
Contd…
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 0.5 1 1.5
Thermalconductivity(wm-1k-1)
Mass Fraction (%)
PCM
PCM+CNT
PCM+Graphene

22.  The thermal conductivity of the
samples was measured by the TCi
thermal conductivity analyzer (C-
Therm Technologies Ltd.) at room
temperature 20 0C.
 The thermal conductivity of
composite PMCs continuously
increased with the increasing
quantity of additives.
 The graphene and CNT
nanomaterial for the addition of 1.5
wt% with pure PCM then thermal
conductivity becomes 0.77 and 0.62
W/mK, which is 1.96 and 1.57 times
respectively higher than that of
pure paraffin.
22
Contd…
Thermal Cond. Analyzer at
Material Research Centre (MNIT,
Jaipur)

23. 23

24. EXPERIMENTATION
24
TES system in Solar Lab, GLAU - Mathura

25. 25Schematic of Experimental Setup

26. 26
PCM Cylinder shell

27. CHARGING, DISCHARGING AND OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF PCMS :
 During charging period :-
Energy Storage = Energy Input – Energy Loss (from water pipe)
Charging Efficiency =
Energy Retained = Energy stored – Energy Loss( from PCM Cylinder)
Storing Efficiency =
 During discharging period :-
Energy Recovered = Stored Energy – Remaining Energy – Energy Loss
Discharging Efficiency =
 Overall Efficiency :-
Overall Efficiency =
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28.  Energy Storage with Paraffin wax : Radial thermal distribution and flow rate
on charging time of storage PCM cylinder (Paraffin wax) in summer.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Change in paraffin wax temperature during the charging period

29. 29
 Energy Storage with Paraffin wax + Graphene : Radial thermal distribution
and flow rate on charging time of storage PCM cylinder (Paraffin wax +
Graphene).
Change in paraffin wax and Graphene temperature during the charging period

30.  Energy Storage with Paraffin wax + CNT : Radial thermal distribution and
flow rate on charging time of storage PCM cylinder (Paraffin wax + CNT).
30Change in paraffin wax and CNT temperature during the charging period

31.  Discharging rate of stored energy in pcm cylinder with paraffin wax :
Discharging time of storage PCM cylinder (Paraffin wax) in summer.
31Change in paraffin wax temperature during the discharging period

32.  Discharging rate of stored energy in pcm cylinder with paraffin wax +
Graphene : Discharging time of storage PCM cylinder (Paraffin wax) in
summer.
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Change in paraffin wax and Graphene temperature during the discharging period

33. CONCLUSION
The major conclusions are as follow:
 The addition of nanoparticles in PCM enhanced the thermal
conductivity of PCM.
 The thermal conductivity of Graphene based PCM was higher as
compared to CNT-based PCM.
 Charging and discharging time, of pure PCM was higher as
compared to PCM+CNT and PCM+Graphene.
 Charging/Discharging time of PCM > Charging/Discharging time of
PCM+CNT > Charging/Discharging time of PCM+Graphene .
 Overall efficiency using PCM+Graphene > Overall efficiency using
PCM+CNT > Overall efficiency using PCM.
 Thermal diffusivity of PCM+Graphene > Thermal diffusivity of
PCM+CNT > Thermal diffusivity of PCM.
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34. PUBLICATION
 Parvez Alam, Naveen kumar Gupta, “Characterization of
nanoparticles embedded Phase Change Materials”, presents in 10th
International Conference of Materials Processing and
Characterization (2020) Mathura, for ELSEVIER in Materials Today:
Proceedings.
DOI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320313614
 Parvez Alam, Naveen kumar Gupta, “ Experimental investigation of
Thermal energy Storage using nanoparticles embedded PCM”, in
3rd International Conference on Recent Innovations &
Technological Development in Mechanical Engineering (ICRITDME-
2020), JECRC Foudation, Jaipur, Rajasthan (Submitted).
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37. PARVEZ ALAM
Contact no. : 7417820165
Gmail: alamparvez752@gmail.com
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