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1. The Book of Math
Original Book of Math
AREEBIBRAHIM.M;drfaraz@gmail.com 10/17/21 Math Book

3. www.studieswithareeb.com
L-1 Fractions.
Original Book of Math
First let's learn Fractions
A fraction shows part of a hole can be a region or a collection,
When read or written fractions you need to know something like Numerator &
Denominator But what is Numerator & Denominator?
E.g.: 2/3 Numerator – 2
Denominator – 3
So now the Numerator is first and the Denominator is second
Now, as you know what is Numerator & Denominator let's start with learning
some more types of fractions.
Types of Fractions
Like Fractions: Fractions with the same Denominator are called Like fractions.
Unlike Fractions: Fractions with different denominators are called as Unlike
fractions.
Proper Fractions: Proper fractions means when the Numerator is smaller than
the Denominator.
Improper Fractions: Improper fractions means when the Numerator is greater
than the Denominator.
Unit Fractions: Unit fraction means when the Numerator is 1 and the
Denominator is any number.
Mixed Fractions: A mixed fraction combines a whole number and a proper
fraction.
Now let me explain what is fractions.
Fraction means part of a hole. Ranbu took a half piece of cake and he left it to
see more go down. See the chart

4. below
In the previous we have saw he took half now what is the fraction?
Ans: He took ½ (other meaning: HALF) Now see this picture Ranbu took 2 pieces
now what's the answer?
Ans: 2/3
Now what if he takes all the three pieces?
Ans: 3/3 (Called a HOLE) as we have learned before.

5. They are 7 circles. Ranbu took 5 circles out of 7 now what's the answer?
Ans: 5/7
They are 6 circles. Ranbu took all the circles. Now what's the answer? (Write in 2
names)

6. Ans: 6/6 or (A HOLE)
FIND OUT PROPER FRACTIONS, IMPROPER FRACTIONS, UNIT FRACTIONS
AND
2/5 - 7/8 -
8/9 - 8/7 -
9/5 - 9/8 -
7/7 - 7/6 -
1/3 - 5/5 -
8/7 - 9/10 -
Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions.
Steps
1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator
2. Add the number to the product
3. The denominator of the improper fraction will be same as that of the
mixed number
i.e. (Whole Number x Denominator + Numerator)
Convert 2- ¾ into improper fraction
(2x4) +3 = 11
Therefore, 2- ¾ = 11/4
___________________________________________________
Convert 2-3/7
(2x7=14+3=17)
Ans. 17/7
1) 5- 8/9
(5X9=45+8=53)
Ans. 53/9
6- 2/5
6x5=30+2=32
Ans. 32/5
2-3/16
(2x16=32+3=35)
Ans. 35/16
Home work (H.W)
4-3/8 and 7- 4/6

7. Changing Improper Fraction into mixed numbers.
Steps
1) Divide Numerator by Denominator
2) The Quotient will be the whole number
3) The remainder will be the numerator
4) The denominator of the fractional part will be the same as that of the
improper fraction
Hint: Q, R, D Queen Ran Down.
___________________________________________________
Convert 17/5 into mixed number
17÷5 =3
3- Q
2- R
5- d
Answer- 3-2/5
Home Work (H.W) 3/2
____________________________________________________
EQUILIANT FRACTIONS
The shaded region in each
figure is the same. Therefore,
the shaded region represents
equivalent fractions. Fractions
that show the same parts of
the whole are called equivalent
fractions. Equivalent fractions
represent the value.
Example: ½ = 2/4 = 4/8

8. Finding Equivalent Fractions in Higher Terms
To find equivalent fractions in higher terms, multiply both the
numerator and denominator by the same number.
½ = 1x3 = 3/ 2x3=6
1 = 1x3 = 3
2 = 2x3=6
Exercise:
Multiply the numerator and denominator by 4 in each of the following to get an
equivalent fraction:
1) ¼ = 1x4=4
4x4=16 Answer- 4/16
___________________________________________________
2) 3/5 = 3x4=12
5x4=20 Answer- 12/20
___________________________________________________
3) 2/5 = 2x4=8
5x4=20 Answer- 8/20
4) 4/5 = 4x4=16
5x4=20 Answer- 16/20
Home Work (H. W)
Multiply the numerator and denominator by 2 in each of the following to get an
equivalent fraction:
1/5
2/3
Equalnet Fractions in LOWEST TERMS
To find equivalent fractions in lower terms, divide both the
numerator and denominator by one of their common factors.
Example: 12/16 = 6 ÷ 2 = 3
8 ÷ 2 = 4 Answer – ¾
____________________________________________________ Divide by a common factor
to get an equivalent fraction

9. Find the missing Numerator or Denominator in a given pair of
equivalent fractions
2/5 = __/15
Here the numerator of one of the equivalent fractions is missing. From the
denominators, we know 5x3 = 15. Therefore, in the numerator also we will
multiply by 3
____________________________________________________ Checking equivalent
fractions
To check whether two fractions are equivalent or not, cross multiply it. If the
cross products are equal, the fractions are equivalent. If the cross products are
not equal, then the fractions are not equivalent.
1) Are 2/3 and 10/15 are Equilient fractions?

10. Are 6/9 and 3/2 Equilient Fractions?
They are not because 6x2=12 and 9x3=27
Addition
Addition of like fractions
3/7 + 2/7 = 5/7
3/19 + 9/19 = 12/19
5/13 + 3/13 + 2/13 = 10/13
You are going to ADD the numerators and leave the denominators itself
Compare Fractions
To do compare of unlike fractions take the 1st
fraction and multiply with the
denominator do the same to the 2nd
fraction also multiply with 1st
denominator
and recheck by checking the denominators LCM meaning LOWEST COMMON
MULTIPLES. If correct compare the bot fractions and it will be your answer. In
case the denominators are even you will change the denominators to the Lowest
Terms and compare also with the lowest terms then compare and write the
greater fraction by the original fraction do this only when the denominators are
even.
Take an example
3
7
and
8
4

11. Go below for Solution
There is one even and one odd
3
7
x
4
4
=
12
28
Now, you have got the answer
12
28
8
4
x
7
7
=
21
28
Now, you have got the answer
21
28
You have got the denominators same now compare them
12
28
<
21
28
3
7
<
8
4
Answer -
8
4
Mixing Both Improper Fraction and Mixed Fraction
10
5
= 10÷5=2
Q-2 2
0
5
Change to Improper Fraction:
R-0
D-5
5x2=10+0=10
Answer:
10
5
Do has H. W
8
5
10
2
3
3
9
Subtracting Like Fractions
With same denominators
To subtract like denominators, you have only 1 step to do. Just add the
numerators of both the fractions but the denominator will be same and Wala!
There is your answer.
Example:
2
5
8
5
= 2+8 = 10 answer is
10
5
Subtracting Unlike Fractions.
Subtracting fractions with unlike denominators means the subtraction of
fractions with the different denominator values. Go through the below steps to
subtract the unlike fractions.
Step 1: Determine the LCM of the denominator values.
Step 2: Convert the denominator to the LCM value by multiplying the
numerator and denominator using the same number.

12. Step 3: Subtract the numerators, once the fractions have the same
denominator values.
Step 4: Simplify the fraction, if required. Or change to LT Lowest Term
Subtract
2
3
from
3
5
The LCM of the denominators 3 and 5 is 15
Cross multiply
3
5
and
2
3
and change the denominators to the LCM value i.e. you
will actually change the denominators as 15 (the LCM value) you get:
3
15
and
2
15
now as the denominators are like fractions you could subtract this fraction
because you have converted to Like fractions.
3
15
-
2
15
=
1
15
Question: Do you have to change this to Lowest term?
Answer: No because the Numerator is 1.

13. Practice Questions
Fill in the blanks:
(a) 25 paise is ……………. part of one rupee.
(b) 50 paise is ……………. part of one rupee.
(c) How many 10 paise will make one rupee? …………….
(d) How many 20 paise will make one rupee? …………….
(e) …………………. 25 paise will make one rupee.
(f) How many 50 paise will make one rupee? …………….
(g) How many 5 paise will make one rupee? ………………
(h) 75 paise is ………………. part of one rupee?
I Fill in the blanks / boxes
a) A fraction that has 1 as the numerator is called a ________ fraction.
b) We can multiply and divide the numerator and denominator by the same non-zero
number to get its ______________________.
c) A fraction is said to be in the___________________ if its numerator and
denominator do not have any common factor other than 1.
d) A fraction with value less than one whole is called a __________ fraction.
e) A fraction with value more than or equal to one whole is called a __________
fraction.
f) Mixed fraction is a combination of whole number and ___________ fraction.
g) If you multiply fractions in any _________________, product remains the same.
h) When we multiply a fraction by __________, we get the same fraction.
I) Fractions with ___________ denominators are called unlike fractions.
j) The mixed number for 23 6 is __________.
k) The improper fraction for 2 3 5 is ____________
l) 5 9 X 0 = _______
m) 1 7 X 8 17 = _______ X 1 7
n) 1 X 5 16 = ________

14. o) 20 paise is ___________ part of one rupee.
p) _________ paise is 1 10 of two rupees.
II Find the missing numerator or denominator in a given pair of equivalent fractions
III Choose Yes / No
a) Are 3/7 and 12/9 equivalent fractions? Yes / No
b) Are 15/10 and 6/4 equivalent fractions? Yes / No
c) Is 50 paise half of one Rupee? Yes / No
d) Is 25 paise 1/9 of two Rupees? Yes / No