This study examined the relationship between Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and Src family tyrosine kinases. The researchers found that a gain-of-function mutant of Btk (Btk*) transformed fibroblasts and induced factor-independent growth of a pre-B-cell line. Coexpression of Btk* with a partly activated c-Src mutant dramatically increased its transformation potential, an effect that was further potentiated by deletion of the Btk Src homology 3 domain. Downregulation of Src family kinases suppressed Btk* activation and biological potency. These findings suggest that Btk activation is dependent on Src family kinase activity and that Btk and Src kinases form specific signaling