Pragmatism is a school of philosophy that originated in the late 1800s in the United States. It believes that reality is constantly changing and ideas should be judged based on their practical consequences rather than theories or ideals. The main proponents of pragmatism were Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. According to pragmatism, the aims of education are to create new values through activity and experience, promote personal and social adjustment, and allow for the reconstruction of experiences to develop control over the environment. Pragmatism advocates for methods of teaching like learning by doing, providing real life situations, and using the project method.

2. INTRODUCTION:
One of the most important schools of philosophy
of education is pragmatism.
Pragmatism stands between idealism and
materialism a sort of compromise. Its origin can be
traced from the Sophists philosophers of ancient
Greece who held that man is the measure of all
things.

3. PRAGMATISM
● Derived from the Greek word “ pragma” which
means work, practice, action or activity.
● The philosophy that encourages people to find
processes that work in order to achieve their desired
ends.
● Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly
changing.

4. PROPONENTS
Pragmatism originated as a philosophical
movement in the United States in the late
1800s. Its main proponents were Charles
Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey
(all members of The Metaphysical Club).

5. Charles Sanders Peirce was an
American philosopher,
logician, mathematician and
scientist who is sometimes
known as "the father of
pragmatism".

6. Pragmatism is a
philosophical approach that
truth of an idea by
by examining its practical

8. METAPHYSICS:
● Rejects metaphysics as an area
philosophical enquiry
● Reality is determined by individual’s sense
experience
● Any conclusions we make about life after
death is merely guess

9. ● Does not believe in spiritual or
transcendental values
● Reality is constantly changing

10. EPISTEMOLOGY:
● Knowledge based on experiences are true.
● Phenomenon are constantly changing to
knowledge about truth must change
accordingly.
● They emphasize functional knowledge and
understanding.

11. ● No spiritual or ultimate value.

12. AXIOLOGY:
● Values are not the real existents
● Values change according to difference time
and space
● Man, being a part of society, the consequences of
his actions are either good or bad. If the
consequences are worthwhile, then the value of
the good action is proven to be good.

13. PRAGMATISM and
AIMS OF
EDUCATION

14. PRAGMATISM and AIMS OF EDUCATION
Pragmatism has the following aims of education:
1. Creation of new values
○ Pragmatism has no fixed aims or goals of education

15. PRAGMATISM and AIMS OF EDUCATION
2. Activity and experience
○ Activity and experience are essentials to create new
values therefore the educational system aims at providing the
learners physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic values

16. PRAGMATISM and AIMS OF EDUCATION
3. Personal and Social Adjustment
○ Pragmatism lay stress on an individual solving problems
of life. Hence the aim education and cultivation of a dynamic
adoptable, resourceful and enterprising mind.

17. PRAGMATISM and AIMS OF EDUCATION
4. Reconstruction of experience
○ Pragmatism emphasizes adaptation to
environment, construction and reconstruction of
experience and development of capacities to
control the environment.

18. PRAGMATISM and AIMS OF EDUCATION
5. All round development
○ The most aim of education is “all round development” .

19. The aim of education according to pragmatism is
dynamic in nature . According to pragmatists the main
focus of education is not social heritage of the past, but
the good life in the present and in the future. The
standard of social good is constantly changing, so it
should be tested and verified through changing
experience. Life does not stand still and there is a
constant need for improvement.

20. PRAGMATISM and
METHODS OF TEACHING

21. PRAGMATISM and METHODS OF TEACHING
The methods of teaching advocated by
pragmatism are as follows:
1. Learning by doing
2. Provision of Real Life Situation
3. Project Method