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Paraphrasing
The document discusses paraphrasing and provides techniques for properly paraphrasing sources in academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as restating a source in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. The document then lists eight techniques for paraphrasing: replacing words with synonyms; changing word forms; changing clauses to phrases; changing quoted to indirect speech; changing between active and passive voice; interpreting meaning; changing transitions; and combining techniques. Examples are provided to demonstrate each technique.
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Paraphrasing
- 1. MMiinnnniiee RRoossee BB..DDaavviiss
- 3. • A restatement • The same or different length as original • Written with different words • Often reorganized • Faithful to the author’s intended meaning • Reader-friendly
- 4. WWhhyy PPaarraapphhrraassee?? •Quotes should be used rarely. • Then your paper will sound like you! • It proves a level of understanding. • Avoid plagiarism without over-quoting. • Force yourself to fully comprehend the material being paraphrased.
- 5. What ddooeess ccoorrrreeccttppaarraapphhrraassiinngg llooookk lliikkee?? • Wording must change. • Sentence structure must change. The only way you can accomplish this is by reading, understanding and restating in YYOOUURR OOWWNN WWOORRDDSS..
- 7. PPaarraapphhrraassiinngg TTeecchhnniiqquueess 1.Change to Synonyms 2. Change Word Forms 3. Change from a Clause to a Phrase 4. Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech 5. Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice 6. Interpret Meaning Identify the underlying meaning of a statement. 7. Change Transitions
- 8. 1. CChhaannggee ttooSSyynnoonnyymmss • Replace the original words with words that mean the same. Example: • The stallion was content with the mare. • The stallion was happy with the mare.
- 9. WWhheenn YYoouu ccaann’’ttffiinndd aa SSyynnoonnyymm • Replace the original word with a definition. Example: • The stallion was content with the mare. • The male horse was happy with the female horse.
- 10. 22.. CChhaannggee WWoorrddFFoorrmmss • Use an adverb instead of an adjective • Use a verb to replace a noun. Example: • Angela is an accurate typist. • Angela types accurately.
- 11. 33.. CChhaannggee ffrroommaa CCllaauussee ttoo aa PPhhrraassee • After hhee aattee lluunncchh, Sean took a nap. • After eeaattiinngg lluunncchh, Sean took a nap. • The house that is across the street is old. • The house across the street is old.
- 12. 44.. CChhaannggee ffrroommQQuuootteedd SSppeeeecchh ttoo IInnddiirreecctt SSppeeeecchh • Mrs. Mamac, “I am ready for lunch.” • Mrs. Mamac said she was ready for lunch.
- 13. 55.. CChhaannggee ffrroommAAccttiivvee VVooiiccee ttoo PPaassssiivvee VVooiiccee • A hotel employee will carry your bags. • Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee.
- 14. …………aanndd rreeppllaaccee wwiitthhwwoorrddss ssyynnoonnyymmss.. • A hotel employee will carry your bags. • Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee. • Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.
- 15. 66.. IInntteerrpprreett MMeeaanniinnggIIddeennttiiffyy tthhee uunnddeerrllyyiinngg mmeeaanniinngg ooff aa ssttaatteemmeenntt.. • Anthea, “I am ready for lunch.” • Anthea complained about being hungry.
- 16. 77.. CChhaannggee ttrraannssiittiioonnss • Although it was raining, Vincy walked to work. • It was raining, but Vincy walked to work. • It was raining; however, Vincy walked to work.
- 17. ………… aanndd cchhaannggeewwoorrdd ffoorrmmss • Although it was raining, Vincy walked to work. • It was raining, but Vincy walked to work. • It was raining; however, Vincy walked to work. • Despite the rain, Vincy went to work on foot.
- 18. 8. Combine TechniquesCChhaannggee ttoo aa pphhrraassee && aadddd ssyynnoonnyymmss oorr ddeeffiinniittiioonnss • After he ate lunch, Mariela took a nap. • After eating lunch, Mariela slept a little.
- 19. • The housethat is across the street is old. • The house across the street is old. • The house on the other side of the street is old. • The dwelling on the other side of the road is ancient.
- 20. NNOOTTIICCEE!! All examplesof paraphrasing still included CITATIONS. We must do this because the IDEA still came from somewhere else. We’re giving credit where credit is due.