This document discusses programming language paradigms and provides an overview of different types of programming languages. It describes why there are many programming languages, including factors like evolution, special purposes, personal preference, and economics. The document also classifies programming languages as imperative/procedural, scripting, object-oriented, declarative/rule-based, functional/applicative, data flow, and logic/constraint-based. Finally, it discusses compilation vs interpretation and provides examples of programming environments like Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and NetBeans.

1. COMCS 51101
Paradigm of Programming
Language
Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College Ganeshkhind

2. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Reference Books
 Programming Language Pragmatics – Third edition
 Concepts of Programming Languages Eighth edition
 Scala Cookbook

3. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Chapter 1: Introduction

4. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Programming Language
Data Structures Algorithms
+

5. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
The Art of Language Design
Why there are so many languages?
 Evolution
 Special Purposes
 Personal Preference
 Expressive Power
 Ease of Use for the Novice
 Ease of Implementation
 Standardization
 Open Source
 Excellent Compilers.
 Economics, Patronage (support), and Inertia

6. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
The Programming Language Spectrum
Classification of Programming Languages
Type of
Languages
Imperative/
Procedural
Von
Neumann
C, Ada,
Fortran
Scripting
Perl, Python,
PHP
Object
Oriented
Smalltalk,
Eiffel, Java
Declarative/
Rule based
Functional/
Applicative
Lisp, ML,
Haskell, Scala
Data Flow
Id, Val
Logic,
Constraint
based
Prolog,
Spreadsheets
Template
Based
XSLT
What the computer is to
do?
How the computer
should do it?

7. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Why Study Programming Languages?
• Understand obscure (unknown) features
• Choose among alternative ways to express things
• Make good use of debuggers, assemblers, linkers, and related tools.
• Simulate useful features in languages that lack them

8. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Compilation and Interpretation
Pure Compilation Pure Interpretation
Mixing Compilation and Interpretation

9. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Compilation and Interpretation
Library Routines and Linking
Post Compilation Assembly
The C pre-processor

10. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College Ganeshkhind
Compilation and Interpretation
Source to Source Translation C++ Bootstrapping

11. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Programming Environments
A programming environments is the collection of tools used in the development of software.
This collection may consist:
• A file system
• A text editor
• A linker
• A compiler
• Integrated tools
These tools may be access through a uniform interface (GUI).
Compilers and interpreters do not exist in isolation.
Programmers are assisted with other tools like Assemblers, debuggers, preprocessors, and linkers

12. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind
Examples of programming environments are:
1. Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, which is a large collection of software development tools,
used through a windows interface. It is used to develop software in following
languages-
A. C#,
B. Visual Basic .NET,
C. JScript(MS JavaScript version),
D. J# (MS Java version),
E. managed C++.
2. NetBeans
3. Turbo C, C++
4. Dreamweaver
5. Arduino etc.
Programming Environments

13. Ranjana Shevkar, Assistant Professor, Modern College
Ganeshkhind