1. P.K.Agarwal
Dy. General Manager
Power Grid Corporation of India, India
pk.agarwal@nrldc.org

2. Shift from
"traditional way of thinking"
To
"new way of thinking."
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3.  Low speed data acquisition - once in 2 to 10 sec.
 No information on happening within sub-second.
 Steady state observability of the system.
 X-ray quality visibility of the system.
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4.  High speed data acquisition - 50 samples or more
per second.
 Gets the pulse of the system.
 Dynamic observability of the system.
 MRI of the power system.
 Wide area monitoring.
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5.  From overview to detailed view.
 From steady state to dynamic state.
 From state estimation to state calculation.
 From local view to system wide view.
 From localized protection to system protection
 From x-ray of the system to MRI of the system.
 From supervision to health monitoring.
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6.  More Data
 Better Visualization.
 Frequent updation of values.
 Wide coverage area.
 Panoramic inside view.
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7.  Phasor measurement System and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU).
 Phasor was mathematically presented by Charles Proteus Steinmetz
in 1983.
 PMU was invented in Virginia Tech University by Dr. Arun G. Phadke
and Dr. James S. Thorp in 1988.
 First prototype was built by Virginia Tech in 1992.
 Implementation started in 1995 at TVA and BPA.
 Proved a highly useful tool in investigation of 1996 and 2003
blackouts.
Source – wikipedia.org
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8.  Phasor Measurement System
 Enhanced Visualization by Angular Measurement.
 Time Synchronized & Time Aligned Measurement.
 Wide Area Measurement System
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12. Plot of frequency
value SCADA data
during tripping of
Rihand project (5
sec sample)
Portion of plot
expanded with 40
mSec data
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16.  Indicates relative strengths of system of buses.
 Rapid increase in angle warns for system event
(generation or transmission loss).
 Captures pulse of the system.
 Provides a signature of system state.
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24.  Time aligning of phasor data done at control center
in PDC.
 Each packet from PMU has second of century stamp.
 PDC assemble same time stamp data and produces
packets for further use.
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25.  Allows us to see dynamics not visible in
traditional SCADA measurement.
 Enables accurate event analysis by precise
comparison.
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28.  Like traffic cameras on transmission highways.
 Visualize traffic density as well as pattern.
 Improve situational awareness.
 Provide early warning of subtlest beginning of
dynamic interaction.
 Provides root cause analysis of the events.
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29.  PMUs synchronised with GPS.
 Inputs taken from existing CT/PTs.
 Fast communication channels like FO.
 Phasor data concentrator.
 Data management and services software.
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30. WAMS Architecture
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33. PMU Locations Under the NR Pilot Project
• HVDC Vidhyachal BTB – In the major
thermal generation complex
• 400 kV Kanpur- Transmission Pooling
Station
• 400 kV Dadri- Load Center
• 400 kV Moga- Hydro Pooling Station
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34. 1. PDC
2. Data Historian
3. LAN equipments
4. Operator Console.
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35. Components:-
1. Global Positioning System
2. Phasor Measuerment Unit.
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37.  Present
◦ Forensics
◦ Supplemental Information
◦ Learning
◦ Wide-Area Visibility
◦ Model validation.
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38.  Near Future
◦ Early Warning & Suggested Actions
◦ State Estimator Robustness
◦ Automated Event Reports and Event Playback
 Longer Term
◦ Backup to SCADA
◦ Smart Grid
◦ Special Protection
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