2. OUTLINE
• Evolution of Electricity Supply System
• Overview of Indian Grid
• Tools for Grid Management.
• Electricity Market
• Way forward and Challanges
Managing Power System 2
6. Supplying electricity to customers in the
First District, a one-quarter square mile (0.65
square km) area
Edison’s direct current (dc)
generating station at 257 Pearl
Street, New York, US
Managing Power System 6
7. Direct Current power
- suitable to supply to short distance
- Nor Suitable for long distance
Managing Power System 7
9. EARLY ELECTRICITY GENERATION
• In early days, power plants were localized.
• Supplying power to local areas only.
• In case of outage, no alternative supply.
• Slowly started connecting through
transmission system to increase reliability
of supply.
• Needed a central control center for
coordination and running of connected
system in unison.
Managing Power System 9
21. Celestial View at Night
Photo Courtesy: NASA
Managing Power System 21
22. Indian
Power
Sector
15%
2%
13%
70%
Hydro Nuclear renewable Thermal
Thermal
191
GW
Hydro
42
GW
Nuclear
6
GW
Renewable
36
GW
Total
275
Power Installed Capacity = 275 GW
22
66%
11%
12%
11%
Wind
Small
Hydro
Bio
mass
Solar
Wind
23.5
GW
Small
Hydro
4
GW
Solar
3.8
GW
Biomass
4.5
GW
Total
35.8
GW
Managing Power System 22
23. Towards SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation)Grid
Managing Power System 23
26. Data acquisition in Load Despatch Centers
SCADA/EMS System
Acquired
data
put
on
displays
in
SCADA
Managing Power System 26
27. SCADA System Architecture
SCADA /EMS
SERVERS
JUKE
BOX
System Time
Rack Swift
FROM
GPS
VIDEO PROJECTION
SYSTEM
ISR
SERVERS
System
Time &
Frequency
Local
Frequenc
y Input
Workstation
Consoles
with Dual Monitors
NMS
SERVERS
Development
Server
(PDS)
Archival
Server
ICCP
Communication
SERVERS
Frequency, Day &
Date Display
Terminal
Server
To Backup
NLDC
Logger
Printer
(B&W)
Printer
(Colour)
To all RLDCs
ROUTERS
NID
(N/W Intrusion
Detection
System)
To DMZ Zones
CISCO PIX
Firewall
System
UPS
Monitoring
System
Managing Power System 27
34. Market Design
IMBALANCES
CONGESTION
MANAGEMENT
ANCILLARY
SERVICES
SCHEDULING
&
DISPATCH
ELECTRICITY
MARKET
“Making
Compe--on
Work
in
Electricity”,
Sally
Hunt
Four Pillars of Market Design
Managing Power System 34
35. Evolution of Power Market in India
13/09/15 NLDC - POSOCO 35
2004: Open Access
2008: Power Exchange
2009: Imbalance (UI)
2011: Transmission Pricing (POC)
2010: Power Market, REC
April, 2012: Sub-Hourly Market
(15 Min Bidding in PX)
2009: Grant of Connectivity,
LTA and MTOA
2009: Trading License
2009: Congestion Management
2014: Deviation Settlement
2015: Ancillary Market
Managing Power System 35
36. 25 – 12 Years 3 Years –
3 Months
< 3
Months
Medium
Term
Short
Term
Long Term
Contracts in the Short Term Market
Bilateral -
Advance
Bilateral
- FCFS Power
Exchange
Day -
Ahead
Contingency
Different Types of Contracts
Managing Power System 36
37. MCV
MCP
PRICE
SalePurchase
Accepted Purchase Bids (>= MCP)
(Consumers’ Discount)
Accepted Sale Bids (<= MCP)
(Generators’ Surplus)
Salient Features
n Multiple Power
Exchanges
q Competition amongst
Exchanges
n Voluntary participation
n Double sided bidding
n Uniform pricing
n Day-ahead exchange
n 15 Minute bids
n Congestion
management by
market splitting
Social Welfare Maximization
Power Exchange Operations
Managing Power System 37
38. DAILY POWER OPERATIO PLANNING PROCESS
Availability
Declaration
Entitlements
S
L
D
C
Requisition &
Bilateral Agreements
Injection Schedule Drawal Schedule
Revision in DC Revision in Requisition
Final
Injection Schedule
Final
Drawal Schedule
09:00
10:00
15:00
18:00
22:00
23:00
R
L
D
C
I
S
G
S
Time
Revisions during
Current day
Revisions during
Current day
0 to 24
hours
Collective
Transactions (PX)
38
Managing Power System
40. Control Center – Challenges
• High pace of growth
• Integration of new Control Centers & RTUs
• Technological obsolescence
• Security Issues
• Ever increasing appetite for information
• Multiple stakeholders
• Retrieval/presentation of archived data a Herculean task
• Expertise of man behind machine
• Knowledge management systems
• User friendly interfaces
Managing Power System 40
41. India’s
Energy
Challenge
Energy Security: India is dependent on oil imports for 80% of
its demand
Energy Access: Around 300 Million people still without access
to electricity
Growing Demand: In next 12 years India’s electricity
requirement to grow 2.5 times
Energy Shortage: Electricity shortage estimated at 25-35 GW
Global Warming: Climate Change is also an important issue –
20-25% emission intensity reduction by 2020 to the 2005
level
Managing Power System 41
