The document covers the importance and application of cohesive devices in speech writing and various types of speeches, such as informative, demonstrative, persuasive, and entertainment speeches. It elaborates on different categories of cohesive devices like additive, sequential, causative, and conditional, offering examples for clarity. Additionally, it includes activities for identifying and employing cohesive devices in speech writing to enhance coherence and clarity.

1. Using Appropriate
Cohesive Devices in
Various Types of
Speech

2. OBJECTIVES :
 classify the different types of cohesive devices;
 use appropriate cohesive devices in a
paragraph;
 create a speech using appropriate cohesive
devices; and
 realize the importance of using cohesive
devices in a speech.

3. REVIEW
1. What is literature?
2. What are the elements of a short Story?
3. How does the first person POV and third
person POV differ?
4. Why do we need to study literature? What are
its effects to our everyday life?

4. Let’s read!
I like autumn, and yet autumn is a sad time
of the year, too. The leaves turn bright shades of
red and the weather is mild, but I can't help
thinking ahead to the winter and the ice storms
that will surely blow through here. In addition,
that will be the season of chapped faces, too
many layers of clothes to put on, and days when
I'll have to shovel heaps of snow from my car's
windshield.

5. What have you noticed
with the underlined
words?
(connectors, conjunctions)

6. What do you call this words or
expressions?
(Cohesive Devices)

7. DIFFERENT TYPES
OF SPEECH
ACCORDING TO
PURPOSE

8. 1. Informative Speech
This speech serves to
provide interesting and
useful information to your
audience.

9. Example:
A teacher giving information
to students about the safety
measures during earthquakes
and typhoons.

10. Example:
- Importance of Mental
health
- Impact of Climate change

11. 2. Demonstrative Speech
It teaches one to do
something including a
demonstration of how to
do this.

12. Example:
How to bake a cake.

13. 3. Persuasive Speech – works to
convince people to change in
some ways: they think, the way
they do something, or to start
doing something that they are
not currently doing.

14. Example:
Improve your health
through better eating.

15. 4. Entertainment Speech –
The speaker provides
pleasure and enjoyment that
makes the audience laugh or
identify with anecdotal
information.

16. Example:
Best man’s speech during
the dinner program

17. REMEMBER:
When writing speeches,
always make your sentences
coherent/interrelated by using
appropriate cohesive devices.

18. COHESIVE DEVICES

19. What is…?
COHESION
- Is how well parts of your
text(words, sentences,
paragraphs) fit together.
- Is important to be able to
get your point across clearly
Paragraph Coherence is
achieved when sentences are
arranged logically and when
clear transition link sentences.

20. COHESIVE DEVICES
Cohesive Devices are sometimes
called connectors or transitional
markers that connect and show
the relationship between and
among words, phrases, clauses,
sentences, and paragraphs.

21. Transition words are
used as cohesive
devices that can help
you connect the ideas in
your sentences and
paragraphs.

22. There are several types of
cohesive devices and each
category leads to make certain
connections or assumptions
about the ideas you are
connecting.

23. 1. Additive/Addition – used to signal additional information
or to reinforce ideas
Addition
again
also
and
and then
besides
equally
furthermore
In addition (to…)
indeed
next
in fact
moreover
too
what is more
finally
I like chocolates and also cakes.

24. 2. Sequential/Chronological – to signal time or order of events.
Time and Sequence
always
after
afterward
as soon as
at first
at last
at (the same time)
while
first, second, etc.
thereafter
concurrently
before (that time)
finally
in the end
meanwhile
next
immediately
firstly, secondly, thirdly…
in the future
subsequently
at that time
soon
since (then)
so far
then
(up to) (then)
later
somewhat earlier
shortly
over the next (2 days)
as long as
last
I loved England a lot. First I loved its museums. Secondly, I loved its people.
Finally I loved its tourist attractions.

25. 3. Causative/Cause and Effect – to signal the consequences
of an action.
Cause and Effect
as a result
because
so
therefore
for that reason
thus
hence
then
as a result
subsequently
in effect
accordingly
incidentally
due to
I was advised to get my statement of account, therefore, I went to the
bank.

26. 4. Conditional/Compare and Contrast – to signal similarities
or differences.
Comparison
compared with
in comparison with
in the same way/manner
likewise
like
likely
similarly
again
also
at the same time
I can speak Spanish; similarly, my brother can
speak Spanish.

27. 4. Conditional/Compare and Contrast – to signal similarities
or differences.
Contrast
besides
but
conversely
however
in contrast
instead
it may be the case that
certainly
otherwise
despite
naturally
nevertheless
of course
on the contrary
on the other hand
regardless
granted
unlike
different from
alternately
still
whereas
while
yet
although
despite
it is true that
notwithstanding
by contrast
I will go to your party but you have to fetch me.

28. 5. Illustration/Example – to signal emphasis or introduce
evidence
Exemplification
as (evidence of…)
for example
for instance
thus
to illustrate
chiefly
such as
to illustrate
to show what (i mean)
specifically
let us (take the case of…)
I like small pets such as cats and birds.

29. 6. Summation – to signal conclusion or ending
Summary/Conclusion
in all
in brief
to summarize
in summary
in short
in conclusion
therefore
in a nutshell/
in a very brief
on the whole
to sum up
basically
statement
There are only few people outside every morning. In short,
people don't like getting up early and go outside.

30. 7. Clarification – shows support
Clarification
that is
I mean
in other words
in this case
to put it another way
under certain circumstances
She said the movie was a bit predictable. In other
words, she didn’t like it

31. 8. Qualifications – presents conditions or intentions
Qualifications
almost
probably
with this in mind
frequently
possibly
never
I will come as soon as I possibly can.

32. Activity 4: By Group
Directions:
Directions: Read the paragraph carefully.
Then, underline all the cohesive/ transitional
devices used.

33. Yesterday, I went walking. Generally, I
don’t walk in the mornings. However, I
could not resist as the sun was shining
brightly and it was a good idea to get
some exercise. During my walk, I observed
lots of different animals including birds,
butterflies, cows and goats.

34. As a result, I decided to walk a
little further to witness how many
more I could see. Finally, I
reached the route which would
lead me back home. However, I
was having so much fun and I
decided to continue my walk.

35. Besides, the weather was still
warm and I could still feel the
gust of fresh air, although the
clouds were starting to form
indicating for a rain to come. I
was quite a distant away from
home when the rain started to
fall.

36. To begin with, it was only a
gentle drizzle, but it soon
began falling more heavily.
Consequently, by the time I got
home, I was shivering from
cold because I was totally wet.

37. PERFORMANCE TASK: Be a Writer!
Directions:
Write any speech type of your chosen topic using the appropriate cohesive devices. Underline at least 10 cohesive devices in your
3-paragraph speech. Be guided by the rubric below in the scoring of your work. Write your speech on a piece of pad paper/bond
paper.

38. Suggested Topics
1. How to be a Responsible Student
2. Proper use of Social Media
3. Bullying
4. Online Games Addiction

39. RUBRIC FOR SCORING OF PERFORMANCE TASK
CRITERIA EXCELLENT
(10)
VERY GOOD
(8)
GOOD
(5)
NEEDS PRACTICE
(3)
ORGANIZA
TION OF
IDEAS and
MECHANIC
S
Exceptionally clear, logical,
and thorough development of
the topic. Margins,
indentions, capitalizations,
and punctuations are strictly
observed
Clear and logical order
that supports the topic.
There are minimal errors
in margins, indentions,
capitalizations, and
punctuations
Somewhat clear and
logical development of
the topic. There are
several errors in margins,
indentions, capitalizations,
and punctuations
Lacks development of
ideas. Margins,
indentions,
capitalizations, and
punctuations are not
observed at all
CONTENT
Convey an excellent message
with originality and clarity;
highly appropriate to the
theme/topic
Mostly of the ideas
convey the content with
clarity; satisfactorily
appropriate to the
theme/topic
Attempt to convey the
message but fall short or
may lack of clarity; may
not have strong
understanding of the
theme/topic
Unclear or inappropriate
content; do not
demonstrate an
understanding of the
theme/topic
CORRECT
USAGE OF
COHESIVE
DEVICES
Excellent and correct use of
transitions/
cohesive devices between and
within paragraphs
With good transitions/
cohesive devices
between and within
paragraphs
With basic
transitions/cohesive
devices between and
within paragraphs
With weak or no
transitions/
cohesive devices
between and within
paragraphs

40. Activity
Directions:
Complete the paragraph below
with appropriate cohesive devices.
Choose your answer from the box
below.

41. One of the most wonderful inventions of
modern times is television. It is now possible to sit
in the comfort of one’s home (1) ______ watch on a
screen events (2) _______ are happening hundreds
of miles away. We can (3) _______ get
entertainment from films, dances, plays and sports
(4) _______ are shown on the screen. It is difficult
to imagine (5) _______life would be like without
television.
what and also that which

42. The methods of reading usually differ in
accordance with the contents of books (6) ____ all
books should be read in equal seriousness.
Amusement is not the main objective of reading but
a good book, (7) ___ it is a novel or a biography or
a drama, always deals with some aspect of
knowledge (8) ___ helps us to know life better. It is
(9) ___ said (10) ___ books are the best teachers.
therefore because whether
and that

43. One of the most wonderful inventions of
modern times is television. It is now possible to sit
in the comfort of one’s home (1) ______ watch on a
screen events (2) _______ are happening hundreds
of miles away. We can (3) _______ get
entertainment from films, dances, plays and sports
(4) _______ are shown on the screen. It is difficult
to imagine (5) _______life would be like without
television.
what and also that which
and
that
also
which
what

44. The methods of reading usually differ in
accordance with the contents of books (6) ____ all
books should be read in equal seriousness.
Amusement is not the main objective of reading but
a good book, (7) ___. it is a novel or a biography or
a drama, always deals with some aspect of
knowledge (8) ___ helps us to know life better. It is
(9) ___ said (10) ___ books are the best teachers.
therefore because whether
and that
because
whether
and therefore
that

45. Activity 5
Directions:
Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a ¼ sheet of pad paper.

46. 1. Which of the following cohesive devices is used to signal
relation in time?
a. but
b. finally
c. hence
d. likewise
2. Which of the following cohesive devices is used to signal
similarity?
a. also
b. however
c. now
d. yet

47. 3. Which of the following cohesive devices is used to
signal difference?
a. before
b. but
c. hence
d. likewise
4. Which of the following cohesive devices is used to
signal consequences?
a. also
b. as a result
c. equally
d. shortly

48. 5. Which of the following is NOT an example of a
cohesive device?
a. accordingly
b. consequently
c. gracefully
d. subsequently
6. Africa was once a great continent it was divided into
five regions.
a. before
b. hence
c. similarly
d. therefore

49. 7. At the end of the World War II, decolonization of Africa took place. ,drastic
changes of government occurred as independent states were being
implemented and established.
a. As a result
b. But
c. Likewise
d. Whereas

50. 8. These changes in Africa brought massive confusion among people. ,there
were prevalent conflicts organized by revolutionists in the areas of the
northern and sub-Saharan colonies.
a. From then on
b. Likewise
c. Once again
d. Similarly

51. 9. Cuisine in Africa is a combination of fruits, milk and meat products. The five regions of the continent have the same recipes for African
food which were handed down through the generations, long before it was
divided.
a. Although
b. Presently
c. Similarly
d. Therefore

52. 10.In North Africa, the people show their pride in their embroidery that are
individually hand sewn creating a culturally intricate design. ,
Western fashion is predominantly the fad in South African region.
a. Immediately
b. Likewise
c. Thus
d. Whereas

53. Test 2:
Directions: Transition words have been
left out of the following paragraph. Select
the most appropriate words inside the
box, and put them in the proper places.
There can be more than one word that
fits in some places. Select the one that
you think fits best.

54. next once meanwhile then while
as a result first under through beside
(1)_____ , there lived a family of bears in a safe
and restricted forest near downtown. Their home was
located (2) )_____ the tall redwood trees (3) )_____ a
small and clean brook. One day, (4) )_____ the bears
went out to look for food, a cute and naive little girl
came to their house. (5) )_____, she knocked on the
door but no one answered.

55. next once meanwhile then while
as a result first under through beside
(6) _____ , she entered into the house and
immediately walked off to the kitchen. (7) )_____, she
ate the porridge placed on top of the table and took a
nap on one of their beds.

56. next once meanwhile then while
as a result first under through beside
(8) _____, the bears went home and were surprised to
see their door open. Their deafening roars woke up
the little girl, and she ghastly ran from the house, (9)
_____ the woods, and back to her own home. (10)
_____ , she never went back into the forest alone
again.