Prolinnova is an international network that involves a range of different stakeholders. The network promotes farmer-led approaches to development such as participatory innovation development. Farmers and natural resource users often find novel ways of using natural resources to address challenges and improve their livelihoods. In many rural communities, women do not have the same access as men to resources such as land. They also often have much less decision-making power or capacity. Giving recognition to, and supporting, the innovative capacity of women farmers is seen as an effective mechanism to strengthen their role in rural research and development.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Watershed Development and Livestock Rearing. Experiences and Learning from th...copppldsecretariat
This report documents the experiences of the Watershed Organisation Trust in implementing the Indo German Watershed Development Programme (IGWDP) in Maharashtra, India. The documentation is based on project completion reports, extensive field visits and discussions with field staff and livestock rearing communities.
The study demonstrates that watershed development has immense scope to secure livestock-based livelihoods and, at the same time, build the natural resource base. This is possible, provided key elements such as securing availability and access to CPRs; investments in CPR regeneration with ridge (largely comprising forest lands)-to-valley approach; integration of grazing-based livestock systems and water budgeting in watershed planning; protection of ‘high potential recharge zones’; and utilizing traditional livestock systems to manage watersheds post-project, are in place.
Case study report participatory development-Rajistan IndiaRashidabdullah2014
People’s Action for Watershed Development Initiative (PAWDI) was the project, jointly funded by Government of Rajasthan (GoR) and Swedish Development Council (SDC) in the late 1990s. It was executed by Department of Watershed Development and Soil Conservation (DWD&SC) and two local NGOs, namely Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS) and Sahyog Sansthan in two districts (Alwar & Chittogarh) in Rajasthan.
Though the project was not a success, but it led to major legislation in Rajistan, India and later provided basis for Indian "Right to Information Law"
The document outlines a disaster preparedness and crisis management plan for Barguna District, Bangladesh. It discusses the district's culture, demographics, and vulnerabilities. It advocates for an integrated approach focusing on partnership, sustainability, and empowering local capacities. The four-pillar plan includes strategies for community preparedness, housing, livelihoods, and water/sanitation. Housing and livelihoods projects aim to strengthen the community, while water/sanitation projects improve health. Metrics and budgets are provided to evaluate outcomes and ensure sustainability.
This document discusses the value of home gardens to small farmers in Nepal. It defines home gardens as multi-species, multi-storied gardens near homes that provide a variety of goods for household consumption. Approximately 72% of Nepalese households have home gardens that contribute significantly to food security, nutrition, income and the conservation of agricultural biodiversity. Home gardens contain a wide diversity of plant species that provide food, fodder, fuel, medicines and other goods essential for livelihoods and cultural traditions. They serve as a safety net during times of food scarcity and are an important site for experimenting with and preserving agricultural biodiversity in Nepal.
This document summarizes a presentation on farm to table, food justice, and the evolution of land use for food systems. It discusses:
- The decline of farming in New England and vision to increase local food production.
- Examples of organizations increasing urban agriculture through food forests and mentor farms for immigrant farmers.
- Challenges for new farmers including land access and developing markets for ethnic crops.
- Opportunities for planners to support agriculture through relationships with farmers and policies promoting farmland preservation and urban farming.
This document discusses the institutional changes to watershed development programmes in India over time. It outlines the watershed concept and different classifications of watershed size. It then describes the various government watershed development programmes established since the 1970s and the shifting institutional frameworks, moving from a more centralized top-down structure to one involving more local participation through programs involving PRIs and community institutions. Theories of institutional change and the mechanism design theory are discussed in relation to designing rules and incentives to address issues like asymmetric information and collective action problems among economic agents in watershed programmes.
Idea of mainstreaming DRR plan within the Gram Panchayat development plan MINTU DEBNATH
This document outlines the community-based disaster risk reduction planning process in India. It discusses:
- Who is involved in making the plans, including the entire community across all sections.
- The rationale for developing these plans, which is to increase preparedness, reduce damages from disasters, and build community capacity.
- How the plans are developed from the individual to higher administrative levels, with input from community members, organized groups, and local governments.
- The components of the plans, which include preparedness, mitigation, and response, and the roles of different committees.
- Funding sources for implementing the plans.
- The step-by-step process for developing the plans from awareness-raising to integrating
The Water Security Plan (WSP) is a sample copy of one out of 97 villages in Rapar Taluka of Kachchh district in Gujrat. WSP for all the 97 revenue villages of the block is prepared for Samerth Charitable Trust with support from Argyam Trust, Bangalore.
Watershed Development and Livestock Rearing. Experiences and Learning from th...copppldsecretariat
This report documents the experiences of the Watershed Organisation Trust in implementing the Indo German Watershed Development Programme (IGWDP) in Maharashtra, India. The documentation is based on project completion reports, extensive field visits and discussions with field staff and livestock rearing communities.
The study demonstrates that watershed development has immense scope to secure livestock-based livelihoods and, at the same time, build the natural resource base. This is possible, provided key elements such as securing availability and access to CPRs; investments in CPR regeneration with ridge (largely comprising forest lands)-to-valley approach; integration of grazing-based livestock systems and water budgeting in watershed planning; protection of ‘high potential recharge zones’; and utilizing traditional livestock systems to manage watersheds post-project, are in place.
Case study report participatory development-Rajistan IndiaRashidabdullah2014
People’s Action for Watershed Development Initiative (PAWDI) was the project, jointly funded by Government of Rajasthan (GoR) and Swedish Development Council (SDC) in the late 1990s. It was executed by Department of Watershed Development and Soil Conservation (DWD&SC) and two local NGOs, namely Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS) and Sahyog Sansthan in two districts (Alwar & Chittogarh) in Rajasthan.
Though the project was not a success, but it led to major legislation in Rajistan, India and later provided basis for Indian "Right to Information Law"
The document outlines a disaster preparedness and crisis management plan for Barguna District, Bangladesh. It discusses the district's culture, demographics, and vulnerabilities. It advocates for an integrated approach focusing on partnership, sustainability, and empowering local capacities. The four-pillar plan includes strategies for community preparedness, housing, livelihoods, and water/sanitation. Housing and livelihoods projects aim to strengthen the community, while water/sanitation projects improve health. Metrics and budgets are provided to evaluate outcomes and ensure sustainability.
This document discusses the value of home gardens to small farmers in Nepal. It defines home gardens as multi-species, multi-storied gardens near homes that provide a variety of goods for household consumption. Approximately 72% of Nepalese households have home gardens that contribute significantly to food security, nutrition, income and the conservation of agricultural biodiversity. Home gardens contain a wide diversity of plant species that provide food, fodder, fuel, medicines and other goods essential for livelihoods and cultural traditions. They serve as a safety net during times of food scarcity and are an important site for experimenting with and preserving agricultural biodiversity in Nepal.
This document summarizes a presentation on farm to table, food justice, and the evolution of land use for food systems. It discusses:
- The decline of farming in New England and vision to increase local food production.
- Examples of organizations increasing urban agriculture through food forests and mentor farms for immigrant farmers.
- Challenges for new farmers including land access and developing markets for ethnic crops.
- Opportunities for planners to support agriculture through relationships with farmers and policies promoting farmland preservation and urban farming.
This document discusses the institutional changes to watershed development programmes in India over time. It outlines the watershed concept and different classifications of watershed size. It then describes the various government watershed development programmes established since the 1970s and the shifting institutional frameworks, moving from a more centralized top-down structure to one involving more local participation through programs involving PRIs and community institutions. Theories of institutional change and the mechanism design theory are discussed in relation to designing rules and incentives to address issues like asymmetric information and collective action problems among economic agents in watershed programmes.
Idea of mainstreaming DRR plan within the Gram Panchayat development plan MINTU DEBNATH
This document outlines the community-based disaster risk reduction planning process in India. It discusses:
- Who is involved in making the plans, including the entire community across all sections.
- The rationale for developing these plans, which is to increase preparedness, reduce damages from disasters, and build community capacity.
- How the plans are developed from the individual to higher administrative levels, with input from community members, organized groups, and local governments.
- The components of the plans, which include preparedness, mitigation, and response, and the roles of different committees.
- Funding sources for implementing the plans.
- The step-by-step process for developing the plans from awareness-raising to integrating
The Water Security Plan (WSP) is a sample copy of one out of 97 villages in Rapar Taluka of Kachchh district in Gujrat. WSP for all the 97 revenue villages of the block is prepared for Samerth Charitable Trust with support from Argyam Trust, Bangalore.
3. aas program overview may csisa by kevin kampAASBD
This document summarizes a workshop on aquatic agricultural systems (AAS) in southern Bangladesh. The workshop addressed the development challenges of improving agricultural productivity, livelihoods, and nutrition for poor communities in the region, which faces threats of increasing salinity, changing hydrology, climate change, and complex social and economic conditions. The workshop discussed a vision for transformational change through more productive, resilient, and innovative practices led by farmers, particularly women and youth. Key research themes were identified, including sustainable increases in productivity, equitable access to markets, socio-ecological resilience, gender equity, empowering policies and institutions, and knowledge sharing and innovation.
Making regional and national policies and processes to secure Rangelands and ...Francois Stepman
This document discusses policies related to securing rangelands and supporting pastoralism. Some key points:
1) Rangelands are the largest land use globally and pastoral communities manage much of these lands, so their resilience needs to be supported.
2) Policies should protect pastoral tenure rights over rangelands and allow for mobility, which is important for pastoralism. Large investments must recognize mobility.
3) Capacity building is needed at all levels to adapt institutions as conditions change and new approaches are developed for managing pastoral lands. Traditional knowledge should be integrated.
This document discusses plans for sustainable management of the Guadelete River basin in southern Spain. It envisions transitioning the region away from traditional agriculture and overdevelopment towards more sustainable practices like aquaculture, eco-tourism, and sustainable agriculture/aquaculture. Specific measures proposed include improving wastewater treatment, promoting sustainable farming techniques, developing rural hotels and tourism activities centered around the river, and restoring abandoned salt marshes to create jobs and biodiversity. Stakeholders like universities, NGOs, and different levels of government would need to cooperate to achieve this sustainable vision for the river basin.
This document summarizes a community-based adaptation project in Mykahaya village in Africa. It describes the project background and funding. It then discusses the climatic and non-climatic vulnerabilities faced by the community, including drought, floods, poverty, and lack of education. Key vulnerabilities are in water, agriculture, and energy sectors. The document outlines stakeholder engagement activities. It identifies adaptation options developed by the community, such as water harvesting, drought-resistant crops, fuel-efficient stoves. It also discusses capacity building needs and partnerships formed.
Shifting trends in rural livelihood a case study of asutifi districtEnoch Ofosu
This research has been done in the context of an interdisciplinary student programme organized and financed by Tropenbos International Ghana (TBI-Ghana), using the educational model developed by the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and supervised by lecturers of the Institute of Renewable Natural Resources of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and TBI-Ghana staff. The Ghanaian members of the research group are mainly fresh graduates from different universities in Ghana. The Dutch students are Master students form different universities in the Netherlands
This document discusses gender issues related to small-scale irrigation in Tanzania. It begins with an introduction on recognizing women's roles in agriculture policy. While policies aim to promote gender equality, cultural norms and lack of data often marginalize women farmers. The document then outlines challenges women face in accessing and using irrigation technologies due to factors like land ownership, household decision-making, and technology design. Potential solutions proposed include targeting women-friendly technologies, empowering women's land ownership, and sensitization programs to address social and cultural norms. The conclusion emphasizes that recognizing women's water needs and perspectives is important for equitable and sustainable irrigation projects.
Uganda afid _case in intergated water resources management Rosemirta Birungi
The document summarizes an intervention by the Agency For Inter-regional Development (AFID) to strengthen adaptive capacities for drought-induced feed stress in Nakasongola district, Uganda. The project trained 101 farmers, mostly women, in hay making techniques to cope with dry season feed shortages. It provided hay making equipment, constructed eight hay storage facilities, and distributed pasture seeds. Training was also provided in pasture identification and management. The intervention helped farmers better cope with drought by adopting hay as animal feed when pastures are scarce. However, more work is needed to promote less labor-intensive hay making and to integrate water resource management practices to ensure both feed and water availability.
This document summarizes the proceedings of a national workshop held in Nepal in 2012 on community seed banks. It includes chapters that discuss the history of community seed banks globally and in Nepal, emerging theories around their role in seed security and food security, case studies of established community seed banks in Nepal, and policies around implementing community seed banks. The workshop aimed to develop a common understanding of community seed banks and discuss their role in biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability in Nepal. It brought together farmers, researchers, practitioners and policymakers working with community seed banks.
James Litsinger has over 40 years of experience working in international agricultural development. He has lived and worked in over 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific. His areas of expertise include integrated pest management, pesticide management, farming systems development, natural resource management, agribusiness development, environmental impact assessment, and training/extension. He has a PhD in Agricultural Entomology and has held research positions with organizations like IRRI and worked on projects funded by USAID, the World Bank, and other international organizations.
This document discusses Practical Action's climate change adaptation work in Sudan. It provides context on climate challenges like drought in Darfur. It outlines community interventions to help adapt, such as terraces, dams, afforestation, fuel-efficient stoves, and alternative shelter. The 2010 plan was to build capacity, collect climate data, document best practices, scale up adaptations, and conduct environmental awareness campaigns.
This document provides a status report on the "Promoting Green Recovery Project" being implemented by Interdependent Society Surkhet. It summarizes the activities completed, impact, and upcoming work. So far 36% of planned activities are completed, including capacity building training, workshops, waste campaigns, and vermicomposting training. These have resulted in increased waste segregation and composting awareness. Upcoming activities include further school and public campaigns using radio, social media, and meetings to promote sustainable waste management in Surkhet municipality.
The document outlines a strategy for rebuilding and recovery in Barguna following Cyclone Sidr. It proposes establishing Empowerment Centers to coordinate disaster preparedness, relief efforts, and sustainable development projects. Over the short, mid, and long-term, the strategy focuses on areas like disaster training, infrastructure rebuilding, education and job skills, community investment, and ensuring regional stability and resilience against future disasters. The committee members are listed and several graphics depict how the Empowerment Centers would function at both headquarters and satellite locations.
Disappearing Lands: Supporting Communities Affected by river Erosion in Bnagl...Nazmul Islam Chowdhury
Its an Asia-pacific gold award winning project on distarer risk reduction for the erosion affected communities. It was a very comprehensive project with lot of ground level innovation which is applicable for millions in the process of development.
Solid waste management practices in Pakistan and Solutions for proper managem...cutiepie39
Solid waste management in Pakistan faces several challenges. Most cities collect only 50% of generated waste, below the 75% recommended minimum. No city has a proper system from collection to disposal. Uncollected waste poses health risks and collected waste often ends up in dumps, rivers, or agricultural land. The key issues include inadequate funding, lack of regulations and standards, and lack of training for municipal workers. Solutions proposed include improving existing facilities, private sector involvement, better coordination, and public awareness campaigns to address these systemic problems in Pakistan's solid waste management.
A Village Saved: The Transformative Potential of Organic Agriculture in Nepalx3G9
This document provides an overview of the Everything Organic Nursery (EVON) in Nepal and its efforts to promote organic farming. EVON was founded in 2010 by American expatriates Jim Danisch and Judith Chase with the goal of enhancing traditional Nepali rural life through organic agriculture. Located in Patalekhet, EVON's land serves as a research center growing over 1,000 varieties of organic fruits, vegetables, legumes and herbs. In addition to demonstrating organic practices on their own farm, EVON conducts monthly trainings to teach organic farming methods to other Nepali farmers. The document discusses EVON's vision of creating an abundant agricultural landscape in Nepal similar to Tuscany, Italy through sustainable farming
The document outlines six steps for scaling up regreening efforts across landscapes: 1) Identify and analyze existing regreening successes; 2) Build a grassroots movement for regreening; 3) Address policy and legal issues to improve conditions for regreening; 4) Develop and implement a communication strategy; 5) Develop or strengthen agroforestry value chains; and 6) Expand research activities. It discusses farmer-managed natural regeneration as a promising agroforestry practice where farmers protect and manage naturally regenerating trees. Examples of regreening successes in parts of Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Malawi are provided. Barriers to wider adoption include lack of awareness, limited mainstreaming in
The document proposes a new business plan to sell fresh milk through vending machines. It discusses conducting market research that found customers valued fresh, safe, and convenient milk. The plan is to improve existing vending machines to address issues like broken parts and inconvenient payment methods. A marketing plan will build the brand around fresh, safe, and convenient milk through websites, social media, newspapers and TV to promote the new offering. Future plans include a mobile app to locate machines and optimizing the supply chain.
3. aas program overview may csisa by kevin kampAASBD
This document summarizes a workshop on aquatic agricultural systems (AAS) in southern Bangladesh. The workshop addressed the development challenges of improving agricultural productivity, livelihoods, and nutrition for poor communities in the region, which faces threats of increasing salinity, changing hydrology, climate change, and complex social and economic conditions. The workshop discussed a vision for transformational change through more productive, resilient, and innovative practices led by farmers, particularly women and youth. Key research themes were identified, including sustainable increases in productivity, equitable access to markets, socio-ecological resilience, gender equity, empowering policies and institutions, and knowledge sharing and innovation.
Making regional and national policies and processes to secure Rangelands and ...Francois Stepman
This document discusses policies related to securing rangelands and supporting pastoralism. Some key points:
1) Rangelands are the largest land use globally and pastoral communities manage much of these lands, so their resilience needs to be supported.
2) Policies should protect pastoral tenure rights over rangelands and allow for mobility, which is important for pastoralism. Large investments must recognize mobility.
3) Capacity building is needed at all levels to adapt institutions as conditions change and new approaches are developed for managing pastoral lands. Traditional knowledge should be integrated.
This document discusses plans for sustainable management of the Guadelete River basin in southern Spain. It envisions transitioning the region away from traditional agriculture and overdevelopment towards more sustainable practices like aquaculture, eco-tourism, and sustainable agriculture/aquaculture. Specific measures proposed include improving wastewater treatment, promoting sustainable farming techniques, developing rural hotels and tourism activities centered around the river, and restoring abandoned salt marshes to create jobs and biodiversity. Stakeholders like universities, NGOs, and different levels of government would need to cooperate to achieve this sustainable vision for the river basin.
This document summarizes a community-based adaptation project in Mykahaya village in Africa. It describes the project background and funding. It then discusses the climatic and non-climatic vulnerabilities faced by the community, including drought, floods, poverty, and lack of education. Key vulnerabilities are in water, agriculture, and energy sectors. The document outlines stakeholder engagement activities. It identifies adaptation options developed by the community, such as water harvesting, drought-resistant crops, fuel-efficient stoves. It also discusses capacity building needs and partnerships formed.
Shifting trends in rural livelihood a case study of asutifi districtEnoch Ofosu
This research has been done in the context of an interdisciplinary student programme organized and financed by Tropenbos International Ghana (TBI-Ghana), using the educational model developed by the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and supervised by lecturers of the Institute of Renewable Natural Resources of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and TBI-Ghana staff. The Ghanaian members of the research group are mainly fresh graduates from different universities in Ghana. The Dutch students are Master students form different universities in the Netherlands
This document discusses gender issues related to small-scale irrigation in Tanzania. It begins with an introduction on recognizing women's roles in agriculture policy. While policies aim to promote gender equality, cultural norms and lack of data often marginalize women farmers. The document then outlines challenges women face in accessing and using irrigation technologies due to factors like land ownership, household decision-making, and technology design. Potential solutions proposed include targeting women-friendly technologies, empowering women's land ownership, and sensitization programs to address social and cultural norms. The conclusion emphasizes that recognizing women's water needs and perspectives is important for equitable and sustainable irrigation projects.
Uganda afid _case in intergated water resources management Rosemirta Birungi
The document summarizes an intervention by the Agency For Inter-regional Development (AFID) to strengthen adaptive capacities for drought-induced feed stress in Nakasongola district, Uganda. The project trained 101 farmers, mostly women, in hay making techniques to cope with dry season feed shortages. It provided hay making equipment, constructed eight hay storage facilities, and distributed pasture seeds. Training was also provided in pasture identification and management. The intervention helped farmers better cope with drought by adopting hay as animal feed when pastures are scarce. However, more work is needed to promote less labor-intensive hay making and to integrate water resource management practices to ensure both feed and water availability.
This document summarizes the proceedings of a national workshop held in Nepal in 2012 on community seed banks. It includes chapters that discuss the history of community seed banks globally and in Nepal, emerging theories around their role in seed security and food security, case studies of established community seed banks in Nepal, and policies around implementing community seed banks. The workshop aimed to develop a common understanding of community seed banks and discuss their role in biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability in Nepal. It brought together farmers, researchers, practitioners and policymakers working with community seed banks.
James Litsinger has over 40 years of experience working in international agricultural development. He has lived and worked in over 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific. His areas of expertise include integrated pest management, pesticide management, farming systems development, natural resource management, agribusiness development, environmental impact assessment, and training/extension. He has a PhD in Agricultural Entomology and has held research positions with organizations like IRRI and worked on projects funded by USAID, the World Bank, and other international organizations.
This document discusses Practical Action's climate change adaptation work in Sudan. It provides context on climate challenges like drought in Darfur. It outlines community interventions to help adapt, such as terraces, dams, afforestation, fuel-efficient stoves, and alternative shelter. The 2010 plan was to build capacity, collect climate data, document best practices, scale up adaptations, and conduct environmental awareness campaigns.
This document provides a status report on the "Promoting Green Recovery Project" being implemented by Interdependent Society Surkhet. It summarizes the activities completed, impact, and upcoming work. So far 36% of planned activities are completed, including capacity building training, workshops, waste campaigns, and vermicomposting training. These have resulted in increased waste segregation and composting awareness. Upcoming activities include further school and public campaigns using radio, social media, and meetings to promote sustainable waste management in Surkhet municipality.
The document outlines a strategy for rebuilding and recovery in Barguna following Cyclone Sidr. It proposes establishing Empowerment Centers to coordinate disaster preparedness, relief efforts, and sustainable development projects. Over the short, mid, and long-term, the strategy focuses on areas like disaster training, infrastructure rebuilding, education and job skills, community investment, and ensuring regional stability and resilience against future disasters. The committee members are listed and several graphics depict how the Empowerment Centers would function at both headquarters and satellite locations.
Disappearing Lands: Supporting Communities Affected by river Erosion in Bnagl...Nazmul Islam Chowdhury
Its an Asia-pacific gold award winning project on distarer risk reduction for the erosion affected communities. It was a very comprehensive project with lot of ground level innovation which is applicable for millions in the process of development.
Solid waste management practices in Pakistan and Solutions for proper managem...cutiepie39
Solid waste management in Pakistan faces several challenges. Most cities collect only 50% of generated waste, below the 75% recommended minimum. No city has a proper system from collection to disposal. Uncollected waste poses health risks and collected waste often ends up in dumps, rivers, or agricultural land. The key issues include inadequate funding, lack of regulations and standards, and lack of training for municipal workers. Solutions proposed include improving existing facilities, private sector involvement, better coordination, and public awareness campaigns to address these systemic problems in Pakistan's solid waste management.
A Village Saved: The Transformative Potential of Organic Agriculture in Nepalx3G9
This document provides an overview of the Everything Organic Nursery (EVON) in Nepal and its efforts to promote organic farming. EVON was founded in 2010 by American expatriates Jim Danisch and Judith Chase with the goal of enhancing traditional Nepali rural life through organic agriculture. Located in Patalekhet, EVON's land serves as a research center growing over 1,000 varieties of organic fruits, vegetables, legumes and herbs. In addition to demonstrating organic practices on their own farm, EVON conducts monthly trainings to teach organic farming methods to other Nepali farmers. The document discusses EVON's vision of creating an abundant agricultural landscape in Nepal similar to Tuscany, Italy through sustainable farming
The document outlines six steps for scaling up regreening efforts across landscapes: 1) Identify and analyze existing regreening successes; 2) Build a grassroots movement for regreening; 3) Address policy and legal issues to improve conditions for regreening; 4) Develop and implement a communication strategy; 5) Develop or strengthen agroforestry value chains; and 6) Expand research activities. It discusses farmer-managed natural regeneration as a promising agroforestry practice where farmers protect and manage naturally regenerating trees. Examples of regreening successes in parts of Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Malawi are provided. Barriers to wider adoption include lack of awareness, limited mainstreaming in
The document proposes a new business plan to sell fresh milk through vending machines. It discusses conducting market research that found customers valued fresh, safe, and convenient milk. The plan is to improve existing vending machines to address issues like broken parts and inconvenient payment methods. A marketing plan will build the brand around fresh, safe, and convenient milk through websites, social media, newspapers and TV to promote the new offering. Future plans include a mobile app to locate machines and optimizing the supply chain.
SMC Enterprises deals in tea and coffee vending machines and consumables. They offer various models of vending machines from brands like Vitesse, Godrej, and Georgia. The machines have features like compact design, easy operation, and automatic cleaning. SMC also supplies coffee beans, ground coffee, tea leaves, and other consumables. They aim to provide high quality products and services with a focus on customer satisfaction.
Vending machines have existed since the late 19th century when they were first introduced in England and the United States. The document then discusses the history and evolution of vending machines, providing examples of common types like soda, snack, coffee, and cigarette machines. It also presents the design of a simple coin-operated vending machine using a finite state machine model and state diagram. Finally, it shows the logic circuit implementation of a coffee vending machine FSM using NAND gates and flip-flops.
Seminar Presentation on FSM based vending machine Pratik Patil
A vending machine is a machine which dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, lottery tickets, consumer products to customers automatically, after the customer inserts currency or credit into the machine. Nowadays, Vending Machines are well known among Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. The quantity of machines in these countries is on the top worldwide. This is due to the modern lifestyles which require fast food processing with high quality. The objective here is to design Vending Machine Controller which accepts money inputs in any sequence and delivers the products when the required amount has been deposited and gives back the change. Here an additional facility is provided to the user. It is possible to withdraw the deposited money in between if the customer wishes so by pressing a push button. The Verilog Code for the proposed Vending Machine model is developed and the Simulation results are successfully verified using Xilinx ISE 9.2i tool.
The document provides a business plan for Boots to install beauty and personal care vending machines in London train stations, airports, and nightclubs. The plan outlines the growing beauty industry in the UK, Boots' position as the leading retailer, and an opportunity in the underserved vending machine market. It proposes placing environmentally friendly machines stocked with affordable Boots products. The objectives are to profitably meet consumer demand for convenient shopping. Strategies address pricing, promotions through social media, and supplying machines through Boots' existing operations. Financial projections estimate the business will break even in year one and become increasingly profitable.
The document discusses several initiatives related to international agricultural development that receive funding or support from ACIAR and the Australian government. It describes the Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development (AYAD) program which places young Australians in international development roles. It provides examples of AYAD volunteers working on water quality monitoring in the Philippines and postharvest disease research on melons in China. It also discusses ACIAR's support for initiatives like landcare and rice research in countries like the Philippines.
Integrating local and scientific knowledge: an opportunity for addressing prodDr. Joshua Zake
This publication presents lessons and experiences of Environmental Alert and farmers towards integration of local and scientific knowledge in solving agricultural
production and natural resource management constraints. It also describes processes, steps, principles and recommendations to increase opportunities for integration of local and scientific knowledge in development initiatives in Uganda.
This document discusses innovation for sustainable development in Africa, focusing on local case studies. It begins with an introduction that provides context on innovation and sustainable development challenges in Africa. It then presents 10 case studies grouped under five themes: enhancement of agriculture and fisheries, water management, protection of ecosystems, health improvement, and sustainable tourism. The case studies highlight innovative local solutions that address sustainable development issues. They also draw lessons on factors for success, such as linking environmental and economic goals, utilizing local knowledge, ensuring community involvement, and employing self-sustaining business models.
Learning together about how innovation happens in smallholder farming in AfricaFrancois Stepman
This document summarizes the objectives and findings of the JOLISAA and INSARD projects, which studied innovation processes in smallholder farming in Africa. The projects found that:
1) Smallholders actively innovate on their own to solve problems and improve farming, but this endogenous innovation can be strengthened by combining local and external knowledge.
2) Access to diverse markets and value chains is important for smallholder resilience but also carries risks, so support is needed.
3) Innovation is unpredictable and evolves over long periods, so flexible, open-ended support is needed from researchers.
4) Innovation has social, organizational and technological dimensions that must be addressed together.
It recommends changing how
CONCEPT PAPER ON PARTICIPATORY VIDEO TO PASHudu Zakaria
This document proposes a collaboration between One Media Player Per Teacher (OMPT), an NGO, the University for Development Studies, and the Presbyterian Agricultural Station to conduct an action research project using participatory extension videos to improve rural farmers' access to agricultural information in Northern Ghana. The project aims to enhance extension agents' video skills, provide video equipment, and research the use of video in improving women farmers' adoption of soil fertility practices. It is proposed to train 20 agents, reach 10,000 farmers including 7,000 women, and produce videos on soil management to disseminate improved practices and productivity. The research seeks to develop best practices for using innovative video methods to serve marginalized groups like women farmers.
1. This document outlines a poverty reduction strategy for rural communities in South Africa's Eastern Cape province focused on benefiting from the abundant aloe ferox plant through sustainable harvesting and production of aloe-based goods.
2. The strategy aims to reduce poverty by creating jobs and economic opportunities for rural communities and establishing multisector partnerships between businesses, organizations, government, and community members.
3. If successful, the aloe beneficiation program could substantially grow the local economy and standard of living in rural Eastern Cape areas by developing sustainable enterprises around harvesting, processing, and selling aloe-based products both domestically and internationally.
The document discusses mainstreaming gender issues into smallholder adaptation efforts in Africa. It describes the African Working Group on Gender and Climate Change (AWGGCC) which works to integrate gender perspectives into climate change policies and negotiations. Case studies from Swaziland, Nigeria, and Mali demonstrate how gender mainstreaming in climate adaptation projects can benefit communities by increasing women's participation, access to resources, and alleviating their workload. Challenges to gender mainstreaming in Africa include low representation of gender experts and appreciation of its importance, while opportunities include tailoring programs to local contexts and institutionalizing gender considerations.
The document discusses initiatives to encourage Pacific youth involvement in agriculture. [1] The Pacific Agriculture and Forestry Policy Network (PAFPNet) facilitates communication and capacity building on agriculture and forestry policy issues in the region. [2] While agriculture provides important connections, not all youth see it as a desirable career due to perceptions that other jobs are better. [3] Challenges include youth unemployment, rural-urban migration, lack of youth inclusion in decision making, and lack of skills and capital. The document outlines various national and regional strategies and programs aimed at addressing these challenges and encouraging more Pacific youth to pursue careers in agriculture.
The document discusses initiatives to encourage Pacific youth involvement in agriculture. [1] The Pacific Agriculture and Forestry Policy Network (PAFPNet) facilitates communication and capacity building on agriculture and forestry policy issues in the region. [2] While agriculture provides important connections, not all youth see it as a desirable career due to perceptions that other jobs are better. [3] Challenges include youth unemployment, rural-urban migration, lack of youth inclusion in decision making, and lack of skills and capital. The document outlines various national and regional strategies and programs aimed at addressing these challenges and encouraging more Pacific youth to pursue careers in agriculture.
The African Youth Union Green Campaign aims to unite African youth in protecting the continent's natural resources and maintaining a healthy environment. The campaign will raise awareness about climate change and train youth to prevent further environmental damage. It will promote sustainable development, green business initiatives, tree planting, and environmental education to empower youth to find green solutions. The goal is to create a generation of African youth who actively work to keep the continent green and conserve its natural resources for future generations.
#WCIP2014 IASG - thematic paper employment and social protection rev1Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides a thematic paper on indigenous peoples' access to decent work and social protection. It discusses how indigenous peoples face challenges in gaining access to decent work, including employment opportunities and social protection. Their traditional livelihoods are under pressure from loss of land and lack of support for traditional occupations. Many indigenous peoples migrate for work or combine traditional activities with wage labor due to limited opportunities. The paper calls for targeted actions to eliminate discrimination, protect indigenous workers' rights, and create social protection programs to improve indigenous peoples' access to decent work and support inclusive development.
Iasg thematic paper employment and social protection rev1Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides a summary of a thematic paper on indigenous peoples' access to decent work and social protection. It discusses how indigenous peoples face challenges in traditional livelihoods due to loss of land and pressure to modernize. They often migrate for work or engage in low-paying informal jobs with lack of protections. Discrimination and lack of skills/education keep indigenous peoples marginalized in labor markets. The paper calls for recognizing traditional occupations, targeted training, and social protection programs to promote indigenous economic empowerment and overcome exclusion.
Manifesto: Monique Salomon - Prolinnova: global networking STEPS Centre
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A lot of studies on women and environment have shown that women are significant actors in natural resource management and they are major contributors to environment rehabilitation and conservation. In addressing some key environmental problems, women play a dominant role. Women, through their roles as farmers and as collectors of water and firewood, have a close connection with their local environment and often suffer most directly from environmental problems.
Women play an important role in environmental management and progress, full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable development.
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This document analyzes women's representation in environmental decision making in three countries: Ecuador, Liberia, and the Philippines. It finds that women's involvement varies regionally within countries and is impacted by patriarchal norms. The Philippines appears strongest in terms of gender policies, though implementation is inconsistent. Ecuador and Liberia lag behind in women's environmental representation and empowerment. All countries would benefit from addressing cultural barriers, increasing women's education, training, resources, and career opportunities. Improving gender implementation, participation data, and women's empowerment in environmental decision making can positively impact communities and sustainability outcomes.
In 2015, the world witnessed two critical global agreements – the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Paris Climate Agreement. Both agreements emphasize the need to enhance gender equality while developing response measures to address climate change, reduce food insecurity and improve nutrition. This webinar looks at how gender can be incorporated in this process.
This document summarizes the objectives and activities of several organizations working on agricultural research and development in Africa:
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This document provides an overview of the Farmer Field School (FFS) approach. Some key points:
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- Characteristics include practical farmer-led training, observation and experimentation in the
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यह बकरी का जो व्यापार हैं -
कभी खूब घना
कभी मुट्ठी भर चना
और कभी वोह भी मना
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[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Recognising local innovation in livestock-keeping – a path to empowering women
1. 1
Recognising local innovation in livestock-keeping – a path to empowering
women
B.A. Letty1# and A.Waters-Bayer2
1
Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 100 396, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
2
ETC EcoCulture, Leusden, Netherlands
Abstract
PROLINNOVA is an international network that involves a range of different stakeholders. The
network promotes farmer-led approaches to development such as participatory innovation
development. Farmers and natural resource users often find novel ways of using natural resources to
address challenges and improve their livelihoods. In many rural communities, women do not have
the same access as men to resources such as land. They also often have much less decision-making
power or capacity. Giving recognition to, and supporting, the innovative capacity of women farmers
is seen as an effective mechanism to strengthen their role in rural research and development.
Keywords: Local innovation, gender, rural development, participatory innovation development
#
Corresponding author, E-mail: lettyb@ukzn.ac.za
Introduction: promoting local innovation in South Africa
Small-scale farmers (a term than includes livestock-keepers) may be “resource-poor” with
respect to financial and natural resource assets, but may be rich in creativity and ingenuity. It is by
taking this positive entry point into agricultural research and development (ARD) that the
PROLINNOVA programme in South Africa is building up partnerships between small-scale farmers
and research and advisory services to help the farmers improve their livelihoods.
PROLINNOVA–South Africa (SA) is a country programme within the Global Partnership
Programme PROLINNOVA (PROmoting Local INNOVAtion in ecologically oriented agriculture and
natural resource management) under the umbrella of the Global Forum for Agricultural Research
(GFAR). It is an international network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), tertiary learning
institutions, government departments (research and extension) and community-based organisations
that promotes participatory, farmer-led ARD. PROLINNOVA has been active since 2003 and now
involves country-level networks in 18 countries in Asia, Africa and South America. The
international network is coordinated by the Netherlands-based NGO ETC EcoCulture, and is funded
mainly by the Netherlands Directorate for International Cooperation (DGIS). It encourages
development agents, researchers and staff and students of tertiary learning institutions to recognise
and support local innovation. They thus become involved in farmer-led participatory innovation
development (PID) to improve the farmers’ innovations or to develop further their ideas as to how a
particular challenge can be addressed or an opportunity harnessed. The research questions come
from farmers, who are actively involved in planning, implementing and evaluating the joint
experimentation and development of better ways of doing things. The recognition by the “outsiders”
(the above-mentioned actors in formal research, extension and education) that small-scale farmers
have the ability to innovate brings greater equality into the partnership between smallholders and
the “outsiders” (Wettasinha et al 2008).
The PROLINNOVA–SA network was initiated in 2004 by the then Director of the Farmer
Support Group (FSG), the outreach arm of the Centre for Environment, Agriculture and
Development (CEAD) at University of KwaZulu-Natal. Activities gradually spread also into other
provinces: Limpopo, Mpumalanga and, more recently, North-West. The network is guided by a
multi-stakeholder National Steering Committee and a Programme Coordinator based at the Institute
of Natural Resources, while activities on the ground are facilitated by Provincial Task Teams
2. 2
composed of governmental and non-governmental staff.
Capacity-building workshops were held in the different provinces and allowed for sharing and
learning between participants around issues of local innovation, PID and other participatory
development approaches. In each province, the first workshop ended with an assignment for
participants to identify and document cases of local innovation in the areas where they work. They
then brought these cases to a feedback workshop, where they deepened their understanding about
local innovation and prepared for PID activities. This sequence has proved to be effective in
creating awareness of local innovation, not only among the participants, but also among other
people in their own institutions and beyond, who are exposed to the brochures and video films in
which these cases are documented.
Box: What is local innovation?
The PROLINNOVA network defines “local innovation” as the process whereby farmers (or other natural
resource users) develop new technologies or ways of doing things, without support from external people. The
intermediate results of this continuing process of innovation are “local innovations” that make use of local
resources, are site-appropriate and address specific constraints, challenges or opportunities perceived at a
local level (Wettasinha et al 2008).
Local innovation grows primarily out of indigenous knowledge but can be stimulated also by ideas
that local people have heard about or seen elsewhere. This process reflects the dynamic nature of indigenous
knowledge. Local innovators find ways of building on existing knowledge in their area in order to improve
their livelihoods. As their practices became known to other members of the community (through a process of
farmer-to farmer sharing or dissemination) and possibly also further developed in different locally specific
ways by these other farmers, so the general knowledge in that area changes to reflect the new practices that
have become integrated into the dynamic body of indigenous knowledge.
Gender issues in rural South Africa
In South Africa, where cropping and livestock-keeping have become “feminised” largely
because of the migration of healthy male family members to seek wage labour in mines or towns,
fairly equal numbers of female and male innovators have been identified during the awareness-
raising and capacity-building process (Salomon 2008). Already during the Indigenous Soil and
Water Conservation programme that was a precursor to the international PROLINNOVA initiative, it
was recognised that men and women in “resource-poor” households often innovate in order to
survive and their innovations can reveal entry points for pro-poor development (Reij & Waters-
Bayer 2001). Women are more likely to create low-external-input innovations that resource-poor
household members would consider trying out for themselves (Fetien et al 2001). Moreover, it was
found in several countries, including South Africa, that women are more open to sharing than are
men, who often want to “protect” their new ideas (Salomon 2008).
In many rural communities in South Africa, women are less able to access vital productive
resources such as land and tend to have less decision-making power than men. While current
policies and legislation, such as the child-support grants, are changing these dynamics to some
extent, women are still largely the weaker party in the rural gender balance. PROLINNOVA–SA
partners are exploring how the PID approach can address this imbalance and give more power to
women. While carrying out the workshop assignments, partners in PROLINNOVA–SA discovered
numerous resource-poor women who, in the face of challenges caused by factors such as economic
change, (re)settlement, labour shortage, climate change, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, are making
novel use of natural resource so as to cope or even to improve their livelihoods. These include local
innovations in the livestock value chain, developed by local women to address specific challenges
they experience, frequently challenges that pertain more to women than to men.
However, despite the fact that numerous women innovators have been identified, it is often
men who show their innovations at agricultural fairs, such as at the exhibition that was held at Irene
3. 3
at the grounds of the Agricultural Research Council on 12 June 2007, in association with the Fourth
General Assembly of the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA).
Women often lack confidence and undervalue their own achievements. An important step to
empowering women is to raise awareness of how resource-poor women are contributing to family
wellbeing through cropping and livestock-keeping and how they are contributing to the
development of smallholder agriculture through their own efforts and creativity. This approach not
only reveals low-cost ideas for improving livelihoods but also generates local pride and hope in the
face of adversity. For this reason, PROLINNOVA–SA makes a concerted effort to focus on women
innovators, encouraging research, development and teaching staff to recognise and stimulate
women’s innovativeness.
Examples of innovation by women livestock-keepers
In Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), many households have indigenous goats, and women in
the household are often involved in managing them. The goats go out to graze during the day and
must be brought home in the evening to ensure that they are not stolen or taken by predators.
Because the goats must cover long distances to be able to find enough feed, much time is often
needed to find them and bring them home in the late afternoon. One of the farmers encountered
through the process of documenting local innovation was Mrs Maduba Mbila. She had developed
an effective means of ensuring that her goats return home every evening without household
members having to go and fetch them. She offers them various palatable leafed branches (e.g.
Schotia brachypetala) and water when they return to the kraal. She discovered this mechanism by
chance. She had kept several female goats at home while their kids were small and fed them with
leafy branches lopped from indigenous trees and bushes growing naturally in the vicinity of the
homestead. When the kids became older and she released the female goats for grazing, she found
that they continued to return home in the evening and also brought the rest of the flock with them.
This innovation has proved very useful for Mrs Mbila, as it has reduced the effort and time needed
to ensure that the goats are kraaled at her home every night (Swaans & Malinga 2006).
Other women innovators who have been identified include Mrs Sarah Martha Mbuyisa of
KwaMhlanga, Mpumalanga Province, and Mrs Machoncho Dlamini, who also lives in Msinga. Mrs
Mbuyisa keeps backyard chickens and has developed a system of raised grass baskets in which her
hens lay eggs. This has proved effective as a way to make it easier to find and collect the eggs. The
extension staff from the Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture are planning to assist her with
growing supplementary feed for the chickens in an effort to prevent them from wandering out of her
yard in search of food (J S Maphosa, pers. comm. 2008). Mrs Dlamini is a member of a community
that makes chicken nesting boxes out of the bases of sisal stems. The stem is stripped of leaves and
hollowed out to create a nest. In addition, the women have found through informal experimentation
that, if some burning grass is used to burn off the inside of the hollowed nest, a smoother surface is
obtained which creates a less favourable environment for external parasites. They also found that
the nests insulate the chickens well and protect them from predators (Alcock 2005).
Recognising this creativity amongst women raises the women’s esteem in their own eyes and
in the eyes of others, both in the community and in institutions of research, extension and teaching.
It reveals entry points for pro-poor livestock development and it encourages women to become
involved in experimentation to develop the innovations further.
Rural women decide on ARD funding
Going beyond recognising local innovation and encouraging “outsiders” to join farmers in
ARD partnerships, PROLINNOVA–SA is also involved in piloting local innovation support facilities
(LISFs) as mechanisms to support local innovators. The LISFs provide them access to technical
expertise as well as to financial resources for materials and equipment to allow them to explore their
4. 4
ideas further. The initiative to pilot LISFs in KZN (as well as in seven other PROLINNOVA country
programmes in Africa and Asia) is called FAIR, an acronym for “Farmer Access to Innovation
Resources”. It is coordinated by FSG in partnership with another NGO, SaveAct, as well as the
KZN Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs (DAEA). In an effort to allow the
community to manage the LISF, the Hlahlindlela Voluntary Association (HVA) has been
established. The HVA receives funding through FSG and is responsible for managing the funds and
making payments to beneficiaries and service providers. A screening committee evaluates
applications coming from community members for support (financial or other) to explore or test
new technologies or systems.
Rural women have been included as members of the screening committee in order to
capacitate women in terms of being able to make decisions as to which individuals or groups of
farmers should receive grant funding through the LISF. Women are thus empowered to have a say
in local-level research and development and also to support other community members in
developing proposals (Ngubane & Maxwell 2008). The purpose of the pilot is not only to test the
efficacy of a local-level fund that supports farmer-led research and development but also to involve
other stakeholders such as research staff from KZN DAEA, who can take these concepts forward
and mainstream them.
Promoting gender responsiveness
At an international PROLINNOVA workshop focused on gender in November 2008, an action
plan was drawn up to encourage country programmes in PROLINNOVA, including the one in South
Africa, to take steps to ensure that issues of gender equity are considered during the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the activities that its members undertake in
identifying local innovation, engaging in PID and piloting LISFs. Such steps include consciously
identifying women innovators to be supported through PID activities, and making sure that women
are involved in capacity-building initiatives and multi-stakeholder ARD platforms. PROLINNOVA–
SA is making deliberate efforts to ensure that the member organisations recognise the need to, and
the benefit of, being gender conscious and that they seek and find ways not only to integrate women
farmers and natural resource users into pro-poor ARD, but also to empower women to be a driving
force in this process.
References
Alcock, R. 2004. Nests for chickens to lay and brood in. In: de Villiers, J.F., Oettle, L. & Salomon,
M. (eds), Catalogue of Innovations, Inception Phase 2004. PROLINNOVA–SA
(www.prolinnova.net).
Fetien, A., Mamusha, L., O’Flynn, P. & Waters-Bayer A. 2001. A challenge and an opportunity:
innovation by women farmers in Tigray. In: Reij, C. & Waters-Bayer, A. (eds), Farmer
innovation in Africa (Earthscan, London) pp155–167.
Ngubane, N. & Mudhara, M. 2008. FAIR in South Africa: Synthesis of Lessons Learnt. Prolinnova
Working Paper 22 (www.prolinnova.net).
Reij, C. & Waters-Bayer, A. (eds), 2001. Farmer innovation in Africa: a source of inspiration for
agricultural development. Earthscan, London.
Salomon, M., 2008. PROLINNOVA South Africa through the gender lens. PROLINNOVA
(www.prolinnova.net).
Swaans, K. & Malinga, M. 2006. Method to control goats that roam. In: Letty, B., Hart, T. &
Büscher, B. (eds), Catalogue of Local Innovations 2006/07, PROLINNOVA–SA.
Wettasinha, C., Wongtschowski, M. & Waters-Bayer, A., 2008. Recognising Local Innovation:
Experiences of PROLINNOVA Partners. International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang,
Cavite, Philippines.