This document discusses plans for sustainable management of the Guadelete River basin in southern Spain. It envisions transitioning the region away from traditional agriculture and overdevelopment towards more sustainable practices like aquaculture, eco-tourism, and sustainable agriculture/aquaculture. Specific measures proposed include improving wastewater treatment, promoting sustainable farming techniques, developing rural hotels and tourism activities centered around the river, and restoring abandoned salt marshes to create jobs and biodiversity. Stakeholders like universities, NGOs, and different levels of government would need to cooperate to achieve this sustainable vision for the river basin.
The Selva Lacandona region in Chiapas, Mexico contains diverse and threatened forest habitats that are important for biodiversity and watershed protection. Small-scale agriculture and cattle grazing have contributed to deforestation and land degradation. Through the Corredor Biologico Mesoamericano - Mexico initiative, public and private investments are coordinated to promote sustainable agricultural practices, conserve habitats, and increase farmers' access to incentives and technical support. Payments for ecosystem services also support forest protection and restoration. Combined, these efforts improve agricultural productivity and resilience while reducing environmental pressures, though barriers like poverty and lack of access to markets and information remain.
Patrice BURGER "Agrécologie, une opportunité pour le développement? Paroles d...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses agro-ecology as a tool for developing drylands according to stakeholder perspectives. It notes that 41% of land is dryland, with high levels of degradation. Agro-ecology is presented as a credible alternative that relies on local knowledge, natural resource management, and attracts smallholders. Case studies show agro-ecology can increase productivity, yield, and food security while strengthening soil and biodiversity. However, agro-ecology is sometimes hindered by lack of support and marginalization.
This document outlines steps to develop a local food system in Northampton, MA. It begins by [1] assessing available land and soil types. Then it [2] proposes cultivation strategies for agricultural, rural, suburban, and urban districts. Finally, it [3] discusses assembling the whole system by addressing processing, distribution, waste management and education. The goal is a coordinated local food system that stimulates the economy, reduces environmental impacts, and enhances community food security.
Urban strategies in permaculture designKeith Johnson
This document discusses five global problems that humanity must work to solve: 1) climate disruption, 2) extinctions, 3) loss of ecosystem diversity, 4) pollution, and 5) human population growth and resource consumption. It stresses that all people and leaders must work hard starting today to address these issues for the continued health and prosperity of humanity.
The Selva Lacandona region in Chiapas, Mexico contains diverse and threatened forest habitats that are important for biodiversity and watershed protection. Small-scale agriculture and cattle grazing have contributed to deforestation and land degradation. Through the Corredor Biologico Mesoamericano - Mexico initiative, public and private investments are coordinated to promote sustainable agricultural practices, conserve habitats, and increase farmers' access to incentives and technical support. Payments for ecosystem services also support forest protection and restoration. Combined, these efforts improve agricultural productivity and resilience while reducing environmental pressures, though barriers like poverty and lack of access to markets and information remain.
Patrice BURGER "Agrécologie, une opportunité pour le développement? Paroles d...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses agro-ecology as a tool for developing drylands according to stakeholder perspectives. It notes that 41% of land is dryland, with high levels of degradation. Agro-ecology is presented as a credible alternative that relies on local knowledge, natural resource management, and attracts smallholders. Case studies show agro-ecology can increase productivity, yield, and food security while strengthening soil and biodiversity. However, agro-ecology is sometimes hindered by lack of support and marginalization.
This document outlines steps to develop a local food system in Northampton, MA. It begins by [1] assessing available land and soil types. Then it [2] proposes cultivation strategies for agricultural, rural, suburban, and urban districts. Finally, it [3] discusses assembling the whole system by addressing processing, distribution, waste management and education. The goal is a coordinated local food system that stimulates the economy, reduces environmental impacts, and enhances community food security.
Urban strategies in permaculture designKeith Johnson
This document discusses five global problems that humanity must work to solve: 1) climate disruption, 2) extinctions, 3) loss of ecosystem diversity, 4) pollution, and 5) human population growth and resource consumption. It stresses that all people and leaders must work hard starting today to address these issues for the continued health and prosperity of humanity.
This document provides a case study of Montview Neighborhood Farm in Northampton, MA from 2005-2011. It summarizes the following key points:
- The farm is located on 3.2 acres of conservation land in an old agricultural area of Northampton. It operates as a neighborhood farm and educational site.
- Since 2005, it has provided the neighborhood with organic vegetables, fruits, and other crops through a farm stand and CSA program. It also hosts educational workshops and interns.
- The farm uses no-till and organic methods to improve the soil and demonstrates sustainable agriculture techniques. It has improved the nutrient levels in the soil and the quality of the land.
- The case
The document summarizes a school recycling assistance grant from MassDEP's Sustainable Materials Recovery Program that provided $30,000-$100,000 to Greenfield Public Schools to establish recycling and composting programs. It describes the programs implemented at 5 Greenfield schools that divert 75-86% of cafeteria waste to composting, reducing trash by 5 tons. It provides resources for setting up various sizes of composting programs from worm bins to large commercial facilities.
The document summarizes a farmer field day on water resource management held by the Balochistan Agriculture Project. It provides details on the objectives, target group, methodology and proceedings of the event.
30 farmers from villages in the Cham Union Council participated in the one-day workshop which aimed to introduce integrated water management techniques. Participants learned about identifying and analyzing water resource problems, developing management plans, and their roles in water conservation. The event used interactive techniques like group discussions and presentations. Farmers gained knowledge on efficient irrigation systems and managing water as an economic and social good.
The document describes a project to establish nutrition and permaculture gardens at a residential rehabilitation centre. The goals were to empower residents by teaching gardening and cooking skills, increase health and wellbeing, and pass on traditional knowledge. Staff and families helped create garden beds, plant fruit trees and vegetables, and build cooking areas. Residents learned horticulture, landscaping, and gained confidence. The community was engaged and provided support. Feedback was positive about increased pride, skills, and access to healthy foods. Continued funding is recommended to expand the project throughout the community.
The document summarizes a panel discussion on designing sustainable agricultural projects from a Rotary International convention. The panel discussed best practices like investing in irrigation, using more effective seeds and technology, and helping farmers access new markets. Specific project examples were given, including one in Kenya that introduced Israeli irrigation methods to improve food security, and a project in Sierra Leone training farmers to commercially farm cassava. The panel shared lessons like considering community needs, providing technical and business training, and ensuring economic resources.
This document summarizes an event discussing operationalizing landscape approaches to agriculture. The event included a video on ecoagriculture landscapes, a panel discussion on experiences in Latin America, Africa, Europe, and a discussion. Key points included that ecoagriculture landscapes manage agriculture to enhance livelihoods and production while conserving ecosystems. Diverse landscape strategies were highlighted from several countries. The document outlines approaches to align diverse objectives through stakeholder planning and action, potential benefits to farmers, and examples of positive impacts on smallholders and ecosystems from integrated landscape initiatives. A multi-stakeholder process for collaborative landscape management is proposed.
Sustainable Practices of Selva Negra, NicaraguaFlorie Thielin
A quick overview of the best sustainable practices implemented by Selva Negra coffee plantation, organic farm and ecolodge in North Nicaragua, in the mountain between Matagalpa and Jinotega. Find more information on the NGO website: www.sncfinc.org
Sustainable Practices of Totoco Ecolodge, NicaraguaFlorie Thielin
Discover on this presentation a listing of the different sustainable practices of Totoco Ecolodge on Ometepe Island in Nicaragua. I visited Totoco during my Hospitality Tour through Central America and wrote articles on Hopineo.org.
On-Farm Field Days as a Tool to Demonstrate Agricultural Waste Management Pra...LPE Learning Center
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67725
Teaching Best Management Practices (BMP) or introducing new agricultural waste management practices to livestock producers and farmers is a challenge. This poster describes a series of on-farm field days designed to deliver information and demonstrate on-site several waste management techniques, most of them well established in other parts of the country but sparsely used in Idaho. During these field days, Extension personnel presented each technique and offered written information on how to apply them. But without a doubt, presentations by the livestock producers and farmers who are already applying the techniques and hosted each field day at their farms was the main tool to spark interest and conversations with attendees.
Presented by: Mario E. de Haro-Marti
The document discusses the Ipswich Sustainable Education (ISE) program which focuses on establishing sustainable practices in Ipswich schools including school gardens, composting, recycling, and integrating sustainability into the curriculum. Key aspects of the program include collaborating with parents, students, teachers and the community to implement initiatives like composting over 76 tons of food waste annually, installing hydration stations, and establishing green teams to teach students about the environment. The goal is to guide children's healthy habits and reduce waste through hands-on learning opportunities while conserving resources.
Landscape Restoration for Improving Ecosystem Services and Building Climate R...WRI India
Landscape restoration aims to improve ecosystem services and build climate resilience. ITC has implemented landscape restoration projects covering over 260,000 hectares involving soil and water conservation techniques, sustainable agriculture practices, groundwater management, biodiversity promotion, and climate-resilient livelihoods. Challenges include integrating diverse stakeholder interests, aligning multiple institutions and programs, and establishing payment for ecosystem services.
Utilization of peat ecosystem for community welfare CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haris Gunawan of the Research and Development Peat Restoration Agency at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
MARCELO MONTEIRO DA COSTA - Secretaria de Agricultura de Rio de Janeiro – Brasil – Proyecto Río Rural
Ponencia realizada durante el seminario internacional “Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas y Cambio Climático”, desarrollado en Neiva-Huila, Colombia, desde el 4 al 6 de Diciembre de 2012
http://www.fao.org/alc/u/mg
The Learning Route on Natural Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation best practices, the experience in Kenya; took place between the 6-13 July 2014 in several counties in Kenya.
The objective of this learning route is to scale up through peer to peer learning the Kenyan best multi stakeholders' strategies, tools and practices to fight environmental degradation and to adapt to climate change with the aim of improving the livelihoods of people living in affected communities.
The learning Route has been developed by International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) CARE (relief agency) in Kenya and the Cgiar Research Program on Climate Change & Food Security, in partnership with Procasur Africa.
Here we have an overview of the all the second experience of the three host case studies that were visited:
Case 2: the CCAFS and dryland Agriculture site in Wote (Makueni)
Mark Shepard's presentation on Restoration Agriculture 101. For more information about restoration agriculture, broad acre permaculture, and keyline design, visit http://www.forestag.com/.
Irrigation development- In respect to State of MaharashtraAmit Arya
Irrigation Development- In respect to State of Maharashtra. Its History, region-based crop strategies, problems, irrigation schemes by Government of India, irrigation projects, reforms, flagship programmes, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Jalyukta Shivar Yojana,Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, water conflicts of Bhima and Goadavari, suggestions, changing scenario
Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE): Building resilience in food production systems FAO
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/afns/en/
Presentation from Fabrice De Clerck (Bioversity International) describing CGIAR’s Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) research program and outlining its relevance to sustainable intensification and ecosystems preservation. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
This document provides an overview of agroecology approaches in China, including key policies and practices. It discusses China's policy focus on addressing resource limitations, environmental pollution, and ecosystem degradation through sustainable agriculture. The document outlines China's National Strategic Plan for Sustainable Agriculture, which aims to optimize production, protect farmland, save water, control pollution, and restore agroecosystems. It then describes several agroecology approaches used in China, such as landscape design, cycling systems, diversified crops and varieties, agroforestry, and intercropping to improve productivity and resource use efficiency while reducing environmental impacts.
Watershed/Landscape Management for Multiple Benefits and Climate Resilience ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Learn how watershed and landscape management can be made climate resilient and be designed for multiple benefits. This presentation by Sally Bunning, Senior Land/Soils officer of the FAO Land and Water Division focuses on the principles of integrated watershed management, experiences, strategy and lessons learned based on the experiences from East Africa.
ISEWP will facilitate (technically) agencies in the implementation process of sustainable rice based agro-ecosystems.
All relevant agencies will implement sustainable rice field agro-ecosystems through Policy formulation, participatory technology demonstration, fund diversion, knowledge management. .
All agricultural users will adopt rice agro-ecosystem practices'
through
Participatory technology demonstration, extension and training.
This document provides a case study of Montview Neighborhood Farm in Northampton, MA from 2005-2011. It summarizes the following key points:
- The farm is located on 3.2 acres of conservation land in an old agricultural area of Northampton. It operates as a neighborhood farm and educational site.
- Since 2005, it has provided the neighborhood with organic vegetables, fruits, and other crops through a farm stand and CSA program. It also hosts educational workshops and interns.
- The farm uses no-till and organic methods to improve the soil and demonstrates sustainable agriculture techniques. It has improved the nutrient levels in the soil and the quality of the land.
- The case
The document summarizes a school recycling assistance grant from MassDEP's Sustainable Materials Recovery Program that provided $30,000-$100,000 to Greenfield Public Schools to establish recycling and composting programs. It describes the programs implemented at 5 Greenfield schools that divert 75-86% of cafeteria waste to composting, reducing trash by 5 tons. It provides resources for setting up various sizes of composting programs from worm bins to large commercial facilities.
The document summarizes a farmer field day on water resource management held by the Balochistan Agriculture Project. It provides details on the objectives, target group, methodology and proceedings of the event.
30 farmers from villages in the Cham Union Council participated in the one-day workshop which aimed to introduce integrated water management techniques. Participants learned about identifying and analyzing water resource problems, developing management plans, and their roles in water conservation. The event used interactive techniques like group discussions and presentations. Farmers gained knowledge on efficient irrigation systems and managing water as an economic and social good.
The document describes a project to establish nutrition and permaculture gardens at a residential rehabilitation centre. The goals were to empower residents by teaching gardening and cooking skills, increase health and wellbeing, and pass on traditional knowledge. Staff and families helped create garden beds, plant fruit trees and vegetables, and build cooking areas. Residents learned horticulture, landscaping, and gained confidence. The community was engaged and provided support. Feedback was positive about increased pride, skills, and access to healthy foods. Continued funding is recommended to expand the project throughout the community.
The document summarizes a panel discussion on designing sustainable agricultural projects from a Rotary International convention. The panel discussed best practices like investing in irrigation, using more effective seeds and technology, and helping farmers access new markets. Specific project examples were given, including one in Kenya that introduced Israeli irrigation methods to improve food security, and a project in Sierra Leone training farmers to commercially farm cassava. The panel shared lessons like considering community needs, providing technical and business training, and ensuring economic resources.
This document summarizes an event discussing operationalizing landscape approaches to agriculture. The event included a video on ecoagriculture landscapes, a panel discussion on experiences in Latin America, Africa, Europe, and a discussion. Key points included that ecoagriculture landscapes manage agriculture to enhance livelihoods and production while conserving ecosystems. Diverse landscape strategies were highlighted from several countries. The document outlines approaches to align diverse objectives through stakeholder planning and action, potential benefits to farmers, and examples of positive impacts on smallholders and ecosystems from integrated landscape initiatives. A multi-stakeholder process for collaborative landscape management is proposed.
Sustainable Practices of Selva Negra, NicaraguaFlorie Thielin
A quick overview of the best sustainable practices implemented by Selva Negra coffee plantation, organic farm and ecolodge in North Nicaragua, in the mountain between Matagalpa and Jinotega. Find more information on the NGO website: www.sncfinc.org
Sustainable Practices of Totoco Ecolodge, NicaraguaFlorie Thielin
Discover on this presentation a listing of the different sustainable practices of Totoco Ecolodge on Ometepe Island in Nicaragua. I visited Totoco during my Hospitality Tour through Central America and wrote articles on Hopineo.org.
On-Farm Field Days as a Tool to Demonstrate Agricultural Waste Management Pra...LPE Learning Center
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67725
Teaching Best Management Practices (BMP) or introducing new agricultural waste management practices to livestock producers and farmers is a challenge. This poster describes a series of on-farm field days designed to deliver information and demonstrate on-site several waste management techniques, most of them well established in other parts of the country but sparsely used in Idaho. During these field days, Extension personnel presented each technique and offered written information on how to apply them. But without a doubt, presentations by the livestock producers and farmers who are already applying the techniques and hosted each field day at their farms was the main tool to spark interest and conversations with attendees.
Presented by: Mario E. de Haro-Marti
The document discusses the Ipswich Sustainable Education (ISE) program which focuses on establishing sustainable practices in Ipswich schools including school gardens, composting, recycling, and integrating sustainability into the curriculum. Key aspects of the program include collaborating with parents, students, teachers and the community to implement initiatives like composting over 76 tons of food waste annually, installing hydration stations, and establishing green teams to teach students about the environment. The goal is to guide children's healthy habits and reduce waste through hands-on learning opportunities while conserving resources.
Landscape Restoration for Improving Ecosystem Services and Building Climate R...WRI India
Landscape restoration aims to improve ecosystem services and build climate resilience. ITC has implemented landscape restoration projects covering over 260,000 hectares involving soil and water conservation techniques, sustainable agriculture practices, groundwater management, biodiversity promotion, and climate-resilient livelihoods. Challenges include integrating diverse stakeholder interests, aligning multiple institutions and programs, and establishing payment for ecosystem services.
Utilization of peat ecosystem for community welfare CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Haris Gunawan of the Research and Development Peat Restoration Agency at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
MARCELO MONTEIRO DA COSTA - Secretaria de Agricultura de Rio de Janeiro – Brasil – Proyecto Río Rural
Ponencia realizada durante el seminario internacional “Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas y Cambio Climático”, desarrollado en Neiva-Huila, Colombia, desde el 4 al 6 de Diciembre de 2012
http://www.fao.org/alc/u/mg
The Learning Route on Natural Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation best practices, the experience in Kenya; took place between the 6-13 July 2014 in several counties in Kenya.
The objective of this learning route is to scale up through peer to peer learning the Kenyan best multi stakeholders' strategies, tools and practices to fight environmental degradation and to adapt to climate change with the aim of improving the livelihoods of people living in affected communities.
The learning Route has been developed by International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) CARE (relief agency) in Kenya and the Cgiar Research Program on Climate Change & Food Security, in partnership with Procasur Africa.
Here we have an overview of the all the second experience of the three host case studies that were visited:
Case 2: the CCAFS and dryland Agriculture site in Wote (Makueni)
Mark Shepard's presentation on Restoration Agriculture 101. For more information about restoration agriculture, broad acre permaculture, and keyline design, visit http://www.forestag.com/.
Irrigation development- In respect to State of MaharashtraAmit Arya
Irrigation Development- In respect to State of Maharashtra. Its History, region-based crop strategies, problems, irrigation schemes by Government of India, irrigation projects, reforms, flagship programmes, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Jalyukta Shivar Yojana,Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, water conflicts of Bhima and Goadavari, suggestions, changing scenario
Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE): Building resilience in food production systems FAO
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/afns/en/
Presentation from Fabrice De Clerck (Bioversity International) describing CGIAR’s Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) research program and outlining its relevance to sustainable intensification and ecosystems preservation. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
This document provides an overview of agroecology approaches in China, including key policies and practices. It discusses China's policy focus on addressing resource limitations, environmental pollution, and ecosystem degradation through sustainable agriculture. The document outlines China's National Strategic Plan for Sustainable Agriculture, which aims to optimize production, protect farmland, save water, control pollution, and restore agroecosystems. It then describes several agroecology approaches used in China, such as landscape design, cycling systems, diversified crops and varieties, agroforestry, and intercropping to improve productivity and resource use efficiency while reducing environmental impacts.
Watershed/Landscape Management for Multiple Benefits and Climate Resilience ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Learn how watershed and landscape management can be made climate resilient and be designed for multiple benefits. This presentation by Sally Bunning, Senior Land/Soils officer of the FAO Land and Water Division focuses on the principles of integrated watershed management, experiences, strategy and lessons learned based on the experiences from East Africa.
ISEWP will facilitate (technically) agencies in the implementation process of sustainable rice based agro-ecosystems.
All relevant agencies will implement sustainable rice field agro-ecosystems through Policy formulation, participatory technology demonstration, fund diversion, knowledge management. .
All agricultural users will adopt rice agro-ecosystem practices'
through
Participatory technology demonstration, extension and training.
The document summarizes the Sustainable Land and Water Management Project in Ghana. The project aims to restore degraded land in northern Ghana through sustainable land management practices including bamboo planting. It is a multi-stakeholder project that works with national and local agencies. Key activities involve community watershed planning, training farmers in techniques like no-till farming, composting, and building stone bunds and earth bunds. The project also promotes agroforestry, improved fodder, and bamboo planting to restore degraded soils and protect watersheds in northern Ghana.
The document summarizes the Association of International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture (AIRCA) alliance, which was established in 2012 with 9 founding members focused on improving global food security. AIRCA has a combined annual turnover of over $200 million and works in over 60 member countries. It aims to support smallholder agriculture and sustainable landscapes through integrated, holistic approaches. The document outlines AIRCA's expertise and contributions, intended outcomes around healthy ecosystems, and progress establishing the alliance. It proposes developing concept notes on 3 key landscapes - Lake Victoria Basin, Karakorum Pamir region, and the Trifinio region - focusing on partnerships and addressing issues like low productivity, poverty, and climate vulnerability in these areas.
Met advisory and farm systems approach:Using climate information to build res...ICRISAT
In Mopti, Mali, farmers are combating climate change by adopting ecosystem conservation methods and using high quality climate information for agroforestry, crop, livestock management decisions.
DIVERSIFOOD Final Congress - Session 1 - Diversity and sustainability within ...diversifoodproject
Agroecology enhances dietary diversity through regenerating genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity on farms. This increases the availability, quality, and access to diverse foods. Diversifying crops and livestock in agroecosystems renders populations more resilient to problems. Functional biodiversity also reduces pests and diseases while enhancing dietary options. Agroecological practices and markets build alternative food networks that reconnect producers and consumers locally, promoting access to diverse diets. However, agroecology requires transformational changes to support farmers' material security and participation in research.
Silvopastoral Systems, working with communities in the Department of Caquetá Tropical Forages Program
Mauricio Sotelo-Cabrera; Juan Cardoso; Alejandro Montoya; Natalia Triana; Juan Gabriel Ortiz; Viviana Rivera; José Luis Urrea; Jacobo Arango
58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, July 10-14, Cartagena, Colombia
Rapid land transformation driven by large scale investments is one of the big trends defining this century. In a virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform members CIAT agriculture expert Deborah Bossio dismisses the cry for more investments often heard in development circles. From her perspective a lack of investments is not the problem. The more pressing question is whether these large scale investments could be sustainable and socially inclusive. How are they going to play out in the end?
Another emerging feature, according to Bossio, is the dominance of globalization as well as foreign income and international trade as major drivers of land use change. Taking a closer look at these dynamics shows that we aim at achieving multiple goals (sustaining communities, produce goods, store carbon, protect wildlife, sustain biodiversity, ecosystem services). The landscapes approach provides a vehicle for realizing those objectives.
After outlining the reasons behind choosing landscapes approaches, Deborah rounds off with introducing specifics of CIAT’s landscapes approach.
Deborah Bossio is the director of soils research area at CIAT. She is based in Nairobi, Kenya, and has more than 15 years experience working in sustainable agriculture development research.
See the virtual briefing here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-sUzAC-B7w
Sustainable natural resource management NABARD India experience d v deshpandeDr Dilip Vishnu Deshpande
NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development ) of India conducted several experiments with the help of KfW and Giz in the area of sustainable Natural Resource Management
Planting perennial trees and grasses for food security and climate change ada...FAO
Planting perennial trees and grasses in Mali can help address food security and climate change by increasing resilience. Projects in Mopti and Sikasso regions are testing agroforestry practices like farmer managed natural regeneration of trees, improved fruit tree varieties, leafy vegetable "food banks", and fodder/fertilizer trees. Technologies being evaluated include grafting to improve indigenous trees, using species like baobab, tamarind, and shea for their nutritional benefits. Andropogon grass is being studied for its effects on soil conservation, livestock fodder, and carbon sequestration. Farmer field schools are providing a learning process to test and scale up perennial systems for improved nutrition
Estrategias para la sostenibilidad de los servicios ambientales en el program...FAO
(1) The document outlines strategies for promoting sustainable development in Rio de Janeiro state's agricultural sector using a micro-watershed methodology. (2) It discusses how participatory rural planning and sustainable farming practices at the micro-watershed level can improve incomes, environmental protection, and social equity. (3) Key results of Rio Rural programs in Rio de Janeiro include thousands of farmers adopting sustainable practices, hundreds of watershed committees established, and millions of hectares adopting sustainable land use and thousands of families benefiting.
Climate-smart agricultural landscapes are mosaic landscapes that use various climate-smart agricultural systems in harmony with natural resource management to be productive, resilient to climate change, and reduce environmental impacts. They involve the interaction of farming and livelihood systems within an agroecological space and are influenced by ecological, social, economic and cultural factors. Achieving climate-smart agricultural landscapes requires collaboration among different stakeholders and integrated landscape management to achieve multiple objectives of agricultural production, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and community livelihoods.
This document provides information on various topics related to urban environment management including:
- Mumbai has lost 60% of its green cover in the last 40 years and tree cover has reduced from 35% to 13% today.
- The Mithi river in Mumbai is the most polluted of eight rivers in Maharashtra according to a 2018 MPCB study.
- CPCB was established in 1974 under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to coordinate pollution control efforts and provide technical assistance.
- Urbanization has economic, social, environmental and health impacts and sustainable cities aim to address problems through solutions like efficient transport and waste management.
WLE – Presentation for Discussion with Donors and Partners – June 2013CGIAR
This document summarizes the work of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) led by IWMI. It discusses the challenges facing global food production related to food security, resource exploitation, and climate change. The WLE program seeks a paradigm shift to sustainable intensification that prioritizes people and nature. It outlines targeted interventions in irrigated and rainfed farming systems, resource recovery and reuse, and river basins. Key goals are improving productivity, incomes, and resilience through equitable access to natural resources and ecosystem services. Game changing research questions and solutions are presented for various focal regions.
The overall objective of the Cereal Systems Initiative for Bangladesh (CSISA-BD) Project is to increase income, food security, and livelihoods in impoverished agricultural regions of Bangladesh. Specific objectives include the widespread adoption of improved varieties and technologies for fish and cereal systems; conducting adaptive research; capacity building; socio-economic and market analysis; and developing knowledge delivery systems. The project aims to directly benefit 60,000 households in Khulna hub, increasing annual incomes by $350 through higher crop and fish productivity. Key activities include training farmers, establishing demonstration plots, field days, and partnerships to disseminate technologies like improved shrimp, prawn, and fish farming. Initial results show farmers adopting better practices and increased
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Efficient use of limited water resource:Safe R...ICRISAT
In developing countries, a large portion of population resides in villageswhere formal waste management systems do not exist.Recycling and reuse of available waste in villages provides sustainable solutions for a waste management system and reduces environmental degradation.Inappropriate reuse of untreated wastewater is unsafefor farmers and consumers.
ICRISAT Big ideas for partnership portfoliocropreg
1. Smallholder farmers in dryland regions rely mainly on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change is increasing the risks they face from more variable rainfall patterns.
2. The document proposes several "Big Ideas" to improve rural livelihoods and promote climate resilience in these regions. These include developing climate resilient communities, sustainably managing natural resources using proven models, and breeding new drought-tolerant varieties of dryland cereals and grain legumes.
3. One proven model discussed is the Bhoochetana program from India, which achieved major increases in crop yields and agricultural incomes through soil and water conservation practices, use of improved seeds and fertilizers, and farmer training.
This document discusses water management goals and models for two agricultural areas covering 1000 hectares each. It aims for optimal water levels for farming and nature while preventing water issues. The Sobek model simulates a rainstorm over 96 hours, calculating water levels every 5 minutes for 1 month. Questions address water storage capacities in soil and surface water. Calibration requires precipitation data and variances in water levels. Simulations examine summer and winter conditions under different drainage scenarios and capacities. Maintaining infrastructure is important to ensure proper water discharge and storage.
Cu07821 10management and maintenance2015Henk Massink
Management and maintenance of water systems involves complying with various regulations at the European, national, provincial and local levels. It requires managing surface waters, beds, embankments, structures, water levels and other components. Key instruments used include the "Legger" which establishes the situation and dimensions, the "Peilbesluit" which sets water levels, and the "Keur" which establishes regulations. Maintenance activities include dredging, mowing, reconstructing side structures and embankments, and removing new growth. Maintenance of structures involves removing dredgings and repairing structures as needed.
The document discusses zoning plans, water assessments, and ledgers related to land development and water management. A zoning plan describes allowed land and building uses, and can regulate details like building heights and distances. Changing a zoning plan's designation requires stakeholder input and can take years. A water assessment analyzes how a zoning change, like converting farmland to urban use, will impact the water system. Ledgers document requirements for waterways regarding location, form, size, and construction, and define management boundaries and protection zones. The case involves stakeholders debating a developer's proposed zoning change, with topics including impacts to the water system and potential problems.
This document discusses different types of weirs used to measure water discharge, including broad crested weirs, thin plate weirs, and Rehbock, Romijn, Cipoletti, circular, and Thomson weirs. Broad crested weirs can be long or short, and influence discharge measurements differently depending on whether water downstream affects flow. Thin plate weirs have a sharp crest and allow measuring the upstream water level where it is streamlined with atmospheric pressure under the nappe. The document also provides a link to a video about a hydrosystem and field trip in Macedonia.
Culverts are civil engineering structures used to allow water to pass under roads or embankments. There are several types of culverts including round concrete tubes, rectangular precast concrete elements, and metal culverts. Culverts require appropriate foundations depending on the material and site conditions, including shallow foundations, foundations on improved soil, or foundations on wooden or concrete poles. Culvert endings can have various shapes like long front walls, receding wings, or return walls to connect to surrounding terrain.
The document discusses various types of pumping stations including Archimedean screws, axial pumps, centrifugal pumps, and submerged pumps. It notes key components of centrifugal pumps like impellers, volutes, and casings. It also covers pump installation methods, switching levels, frequency drives, impeller types for different uses, and hydraulic concepts like duty point and head.
1) Darcy's law describes groundwater flow through porous media according to hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient.
2) Factors that influence groundwater levels include precipitation, soil type, and land use. Heavy rainfall or irrigation can cause groundwater levels to rise.
3) The drainage of an agricultural parcel is calculated based on the hydraulic conductivity, horizontal distance from a stream, and vertical distances between the groundwater level and impenetrable layer and stream level.
This document discusses the hydrological cycle and soil moisture in the unsaturated zone. It describes:
1) The process of rainfall infiltration and groundwater recharge. Water is stored in the pores of the unsaturated zone below the ground surface.
2) Forces that act on soil moisture in the unsaturated zone, including adsorption, osmotic, and capillary forces. Capillary action causes smaller pores to fill with water before larger pores.
3) The soil moisture curve and Staring series, which relate soil type to water pressure and volume of water stored. Finer textured soils like clay can store more water than coarser soils like sand.
Cu07821 3 precipitation and evapotranspirationHenk Massink
1. The hydrological cycle diagram shows the annual water balance for an area, with 800 mm of precipitation, 350 mm of evapotranspiration, 425 mm of surface runoff, and 475 mm of groundwater recharge.
2. Effective precipitation is defined as the volume of precipitation available for groundwater recharge, and is calculated as total precipitation minus actual evapotranspiration, which depends on crop type.
3. Extreme precipitation events like the 1998 "Westlandbui" storm that dropped 100 mm of rain in 24 hours can cause hundreds of millions of euros in flood damage.
This document discusses water management strategies in the Netherlands, specifically focusing on optimal water level agreements. It describes how water levels are managed through water level agreement areas, where the surface water level is fixed and uniform. The typical Dutch strategy involves examining the existing water situation and specifying adjustments to achieve an optimal groundwater and surface water regime. It also discusses how to relate crop selection and production to soil type and groundwater classification using HELP tables. Maintaining appropriate water levels is important for preventing flooding, drying out, and salination while supporting agriculture and nature.
This document provides information about several rural water management courses, including their course codes and names. It then discusses the organization of one course called "Rural Water Management" including that it has both theory and assignment classes each week. The document outlines the course assignment which is to prepare a water level agreement for a polder in Noord Beveland. It also lists the criteria for marks in the course. The rest of the document covers hydrological cycle concepts and diagrams, reasons for managing water systems, how water systems can be adjusted, key topics covered in the course, and an exercise on simple water level areas.
Research portfolio delta_academy_s2_2014_2015Henk Massink
Every semester the 4 research groups of the Delta Academy offer research possibilities for internships, final thesis and Minor. The document (also in English) shows the assignments for the second semester of study year 2014/2015.
Research portfolio da arc 2014-2015 s1Henk Massink
This document provides a summary of research projects conducted by the Delta Academy Applied Research Centre between September 2014 and January 2015. The research was divided among four main research groups: Aquaculture in Delta Areas, Building with Nature, Water Technology, and Water Safety & Area Development. The projects covered a wide range of topics including algae cultivation, shellfish feeding, bioremediation, coastal ecosystem restoration, wastewater reuse, community resilience, and water management in the Dutch delta region.
The dimensions of the culvert are calculated to be 3 m x 2 m based on trying different cross-sectional areas. The total head loss is calculated using the given discharge of 3 m3/s, upstream velocity of 1 m/s, and downstream velocity of 0.5 m/s. A cross-section of 3 m x 2 m results in a head loss of 0.45 m, which is less than the maximum allowed head rise of 0.5 m. Sketches are provided showing the elevation of the total head and pressure lines.
Research portfolios1 2013_2014 jan july 2014Henk Massink
Mindert de Vries (mindert.devries@hz.nl)
FEEDING TRIALS OYSTERS
The quality of algal biomass as feed for shellfish is dependent on the cultivation parameters. In order to
determine the effect of algal quality on shellfish growth and condition, feeding trials with oysters using
algae cultivated under different parameters are needed. In cooperation with the algae research a set of
feeding trials will be designed and executed. Growth and condition parameters of the oysters will be
determined. This will give insight in the effect of algal quality on shellfish production parameters.
Research type: experiments (HZ, Vlissingen)
Research level: minor
This document outlines a vision and action plan for sustainable development along the Guadalete river basin in Spain. It discusses objectives in areas like water quality, water quantity, ecosystem management, and economic development. It proposes various measures like improving wastewater treatment, promoting renewable energy, education initiatives, green infrastructure projects, sustainable tourism, and balancing economic and natural resource goals. Stakeholders are grouped according to their priorities and the plan identifies both short and long term actions needed to achieve an integrated approach to river management.
The document outlines a plan to improve the Guadalete river basin in Spain by 2030. The vision is for the river basin to have good water quality, sustainable industries, increased environmental awareness, good management, and a high quality of living. Several objectives are identified, including sustainable development, increasing public awareness, and improving water quality and management. Specific measures and timelines are proposed to achieve these objectives, such as improving wastewater treatment plants, sewage systems, and increasing taxes from industries and tourism to fund improvements. Educational programs for local schools are also described to increase environmental awareness among residents.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
3. River as source
for economy
(Correct
Management)
River as a Solitary
Developement
(Incorrect
Management)
Huge
Population
Small
Population
Graveyard
Living with
the River
The American
Dream
Monstruopoli
s
Big Cities
Infrastructure
More Waste
Hydropower
Traditional Agricultue
Bigger cities
Housing
Pollution
Industries
Masive Tourism
Waste Incineration
Cooperative
EcoTourism
Sustainable agriculture
Aquaculture and architecture
Water regeneration / reuse
Algea
Old population
People leaving town
Traditional agriculture
Abandonned houses
No technology
4. Future scenario
WWTPs in villages
Detached houses in more distant areas
Small scale sustainable agriculture/aquaculture
WWTP effluent for agriculture/aquaculture
Fish ladders
Sediment flow
Sufficient water quality
7. Environmental education and
commitment: “LIVING WITH
GUADALETE RIVER”
BRAINSTORMING
Agenda 21
Public participation forums, group workshops
Feedback
GOs
NGOs (Ecologist Action, Fundación Nueva Cultura del Agua, FNCA)
Social network
Media
Like Famarea
European Centre for River Restauration
EU projects
EKOenergy environmental fund
EVS
Examples
8. Characteristics
Free or low cost
Slow process
A lot of cooperation
Governmental support
Start in primary school (volunteers, students from
universities, teachers…)
9. Action PlanTime Cost (Aprox.) Possibilities Experts involve
Official research Fast because
avaliable
20,000 € Possible Env. Institutions,
organizations,
universities…
Media 3-4 weeks 8,000€/year Possible TV, newspappers,
social network,
radio, pamphlets…
Feedback 2-3 months 2,500€ Possible Different sectors
Cooperation with
stakeholders and
athorities
A longer process 1,000€ 50%-50% GOs, industries,
institutions…
Group workshops 1 week 5,000€ Possible Experts, workers,
Gos, NGOs,
authorities…
Media 2 3-4 weeks 8,000€/year Possible TV, newspapers…
Educational field
work
All the time(*) 4,000€/year Possible Experts in
environmental
fields, volunteers,
gropup leaders in
the villages…
10. * Educational field work is supposed to be continued for every
newcomming generation.
11. The term sustainable agriculture means an integrated
system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific
application that will, over the long term:
• Satisfy human food and fiber needs
• Enhance environmental quality and the natural resource based
upon which the agricultural economy depends
• Make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-
farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles
and controls
• Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.
Transforming traditional agriculture into sustainable rural
activities
17. Total Cultivated area 192611
Total Irrigated Area (ha) (2013) 45503
Numbre of existent cooperatives 15
Surface Water 100%
Irrigation system
Gravity 30%
Localized 33%
Sprinkles 37%
Average efficiency 64%
Water distribution (m3/ha.yr) 6085
(Junta de Andalucía, 2011)
18. Surface % - Cooperatives included2013
2018 2023 2028 2033
•Progress Report
•Process Quality Report
•Baseline Report
•Peer Learning Reviews - Lessons learned
• Periodical Reviews and Reflection
• Planning Mid-term and Final cycle Evaluation
• New data and experience incorporation
19. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Phase 1 Project Established with Human Resources, Facilities and Systems
1 Contracting, Defining leading committee
2 Recruitment, Capacity building of Team
3 Establishing project management systems and processes
Phase 2 Initiation, Rapport Building and Demand Assessment
1 Community consutlations, level demand assessments, baseline assessments, benchmark indicators
2 Preparing agriculture development plans
3 Stakeholder consultations, workshops to finalise these plans and to seek support from government
Phase 3 Establishment of a Village based Agriculture
1 Identification of agriculture providers
2 Assessment of capacities and preparing capacity buidling plan
3 Series of Training programmes, exposure visits for capacity building
Phase 4 Sustainable agriculture interventions
1 Demonstrations at farmers field on Organic pest management, soil and nutrient management practices
2 Full Package of Organic technology available
3 Provision of seeds
4 Provision of fertility improvement products
5 Bio-pesticides
6 Package of practice training
7 Value chain studies, market opportunity assessment
8 Value addition interventions, micro enterprises for groups
9 Market information and linkages
Phase 5 Institutional Development activities
1 Building /strengthening farmers at village level
2 Capacity building of community institutions, linkages with local Government
3 Convergence with public department responsible for delivery of services
4 Business planning support
Phase 6 Knowledge documentation and dissemination
1 Research studies, project model documentation
2 Campaigns, seminars, workshops at various levels, Policy briefs, best practices
Phase 7 Project Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning
1 Reports - Progress Report, Process Quality Report
2 Baseline Report
3 Peer Learning Reviews
4 Annual Reviews and Reflection, Planning
5 Mid-term and Final cycle Evaluation
Year 5
Milestone / Activity and InputsNº
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Project Gantt Chart = 5 years sub-phase
20. Use aquaculture effluent for agriculture
Aquaculture effluent used for agriculture, reduce cost for effluent treatment
Eg. Salt tomatoes
21. Culture algae in aquaculture effluent
Algae as nature fertilizer
Combine with shellfish production
22. Cooperation with Universities & scientific institutes
Fish farms self-interested
Support small fish farms & increase competition
Regulation
--Increase the punishment.
--Increase monitoring
Possible export.
-- Local consumption ( tourism)
-- Export to other European countries
23. Touristic Hotspots
• Placed at the reservoirs of Guadelete river
• The touristic hotspots uses products of
sustainable (aqua/agri culture)
• Touristic hotspots offering tours to sustainable
farms
Touristic
hotpots
Agriculture
Aquaculture
24. Touristic activities
• Guided tours to agriculture and aquaculture
spots
• Birdwatching tours
• Bike rental (with tracks to agri/aquaculture
spots)
• Fishing trips
• Canoe rental
• Climbing wall at the dam
• Rural bed and breakfast
25. Rural Bed and Breakfast
• Self sustainable farm
• Experiencing culture and lifestyle
• Enjoying food and drinks from the farm
• Learning about production process
• Offering tours, sports and cultural activities
26. Rural bed and Breakfast
• Grains
– Provides for income and jobs for the local
population.
– Culture is preserved
– Biological diversity is maintained in surrounding
areas.
– Cooperation between locals
27. Rural Bed and Breakfast
• How to achieve this?
– Education program by Universities
– House to house education by students
– Workshop meetings with farmers
28. Building a dry toilet
• Preparation: 1 hour
• Waiting: 1-2 years
• Aerobic process
• No water
• Capture nutrients
29. Materials
• Sturdy plastic milk crate
• 5-gallon bucket
• Toilet seat, complete with seat bolts
• Felt-tip pen or china marker (optional)
• Jigsaw or keyhole saw
• Utility knife
• 4 wood scraps or table legs
• 8 plastic cable ties
• Several gallons of sawdust or limestone and a
bucket to store it in, and a scoop
30. Putting it together
• Scavenge
• Attach the toilet seat to the crate
• Cut a hole in the crate
• Cut the legs
• Attach the legs
• Operating instructions
31. Maintenance
• Emptying interval of the toilet depends on the
number of users
• The emptying interval increases with the size
of the tank
• Easy excess to tank for emptying
• Emptying of the collection vessel for liquid
accumulated from the toilet
32. Action Plan
• Create a student program
• Students inform inhabitants about awareness
and use of dry toilets
• Students and volunteers are selected to build
the dry toilets
• Very low maintenance efforts
33.
34. Reuse of gray water
• Use directly to irrigate crops
• Treatment by helophyte filter
• Reuse treated water for irrigation or
discharge
35. Helophyte filter
• Natural treatment by reed
– About 3m3 per person needed and 1m deep
– A septic tank and pump to regulate the flow
– Use a strong plastic foil to prevent leakage
– Root pads to prevent puncture by roots
– infiltration pipes
– Gravel and sand
– The plants
36. Helophyte filter
• Creating awareness by advertising and house
to house
• Meetings with locals
• Subsidies EU
• Environmental action groups.
• Costs about € 10.000
• Reduce costs by doing a part yourself.
38. A salt mine is a mining
operation involved in the
extraction of rock salt or
halite from evaporate
deposites.
These deposits are located
in the salt marshes, that
are coastal ecosystems in
the upper coastal
intertidal zone between
land and open salt waters.
39. How Salinas operate
The salt extraction is based
on tides, sun and wind.
When the tide grows,
the doors will be opened
and the marsh will
get flooded;
then the doors
will be closed and so
the water remains inside.
40. This sea water is guided into a less deep area, called «tajerìa»
Here the sun and the wind
make water evaporate so the
salt will be depositated on
the ground.
41. The water is forced to follow a meanderic path:
in this way, the carbonate sediments will
deposite in meanders and the salt will result
more pure.
42. The salt is collected:
• with machines: it needs some washing
treatments for sand and iodine
• with hands Salineros
43. Nowadays, the salt extraction activity in the
province of Cadiz generates 1950 employers, but
there are some abandoned salt marshes:
34 in Puerto Real
7 in Chiclana
5 in San Fernando
46. Regulation
The new “Ley de Costas” (a coastal law),
activated in the beginning of 2013, declares
that:
• 7500 ha of salt marshes and aquaculture
installations are now considered like protected
areas;
• if the salt marshes manage to fulfill the law
requirements, they could be operative again.
47. Why restoring Salinas?
• Economic reasons:
- great source of new employments
• Biological reasons:
- contribute to the cleaning of the area
- birds like flamingos
have repopulated
the area
48. Restoring methods:
• To abandon all human interference
and leave the salt marsh to complete
its natural development.
• To restore the destroyed habitat into
its natural state either at the original
site or as a replacement at a
different site.
SUCCESSFUL APPROACH:
2 – 10 years
49. Costs of restoration:
are highly variable, they depend on:
• different site conditions
• different restoring method.
A recent study in New England indicates that the cost,
on average, will be about $16000 / acre.
€ 11844 / 4047 m2
€ 2,92 / m2
These costs include:
• planning
• construction
• monitoring
50. Action Plan:
ACTIONS
YEARS
1 2 3 4 5 10
Policy and legislation
Take account of saltmarshes when developing agri-
environment schemes, management of coastlines
Produce development control policies to prevent
development in flood risk areas
Promote awareness of agri-environment schemes
which involve the management of saltmarshes
Site safeguard and management
Identify potential areas for managed realignment
of saltmarshes
Improve estuarine and coastal water quality
Advisory
Promote and develop demonstration sites for the
management of saltmarshes
Future research and monitoring
Identify the key areas suffering from erosion
Monitor changes in the extent and quality of the
saltmarsh
Monitor population of important wetland bird
species
Communication and Publicity
Organise and hold demonstrations and talk about
the biodiversity theme in saltmarshes
Foster a wider appreciation of biodiversity of the
area through education and publicity
Communicate the need for managed realignment
to landowners
51. Example of restoration costs:
SALINA DE LOS TRES AMIGOS (San Fernando):
Area: 408 ha
Amount of the cost: 11,913,600 €
52. Stakeholders involved:
STAKEHOLDER
CATEGORY
INSTITUTION STAKE RELATED TO POLICY ISSUE
Public
Governmental
Management of the water basin
Regional water resources authority
Implementation of Water Framework Directive
Agents of saltmarshes Natural Reserve Conservation of the salt marsh and biological communities
Municipality
Local municipality
Definition of socioeconomic development strategies
Non - Governmental
Ecologists in Action Active participation in the defence of environmental quality
(ex: monitoring waste discharges, environmental education,
complaints to municipalities)
Committee for the natural heritage defence
Semi - Private
Dams management Management of river discharge controlled by dams
Wastewater management companies
Implementation and maintenance of urban wastewater
treatment facilities
Private
Environmental requalification management company
Environmental assessment of large project; elaboration of river
basin management plans
Salt farming companies
Traditional economic activity dependent on both quality and
consumers' perception of ecosystem health
53. Conclusion
• Create awareness
• Continues communication between
stakeholders
• Create opportunities
• Promote innovative thinking
• Challenges to overcome (WWTP)
• DON’T THINK IN PROBLEMS THINK OF CHALLENGES!!
Editor's Notes
Small scale fish farms
Big scalefish farms
Flush toilets take two valuable resources, clean water and nitrogen-rich human waste, and combine them to create a problem: sewage. Dry or “humanure” toilets combine sawdust and human waste, which is then composted to make soil. It’s a simple, elegant system that follows nature’s dictate that there is no such thing as waste.A dry toilet uses no water, power, or chemicals, and it doesn’t require plumbing lines or septic tanks. This makes it perfect for off-grid living as well as situations where plumbing is not available. It's a convenient way to add an extra toilet to any house.We’d be lying if we said it does not seem strange at first to use a toilet with no water, but you do get used to it quickly. If you’ve been raised with flush toilets, your most basic impulse is to make your waste vanish. Pronto. However, once you grasp the indisputable logic of the system, know firsthand that it does not smell, and have seen the contents transformed into sweet-smelling, clean soil through the power of composting, you'll never look at flush toilets the same way again.A composting toilet is a dry toilet that uses a predominantly aerobic processing system that treats excreta, typically with no water or small volumes of flush water, via composting or managed aerobic decomposition.Composting toilets may be used as an alternative to flush toilets in situations where there is no suitable water supply or waste treatment facility available or to capture nutrients in human excreta as humanure.
Scavenge Find a milk crate and a 5-gallon bucket. Make sure that the crate is large enough to accommodate the width of the bucket. When you scavenge the crate, ask permission or be discreet. We know of someone arrested for scavenging milk crates behind a strip club, of all places. When the police finished booking the milk crate scavenger, the officer placed the paperwork in . . . you guessed it, a scavenged milk crate doubling as an in-box.Attach the Toilet Seat to the Crate Forage a toilet seat or pick one up at your local hardware store. Turn the crate upside down and attach the seat to one of the short ends. Be sure to center the seat. Slide the plastic bolts that come with the toilet seat through two holes in the grating on the bottom of the crate. Slip the nuts over the bolts on the inside of the crate, then tighten. Don’t overtighten.Cut a Hole in the Crate Lower the toilet seat so it sits on the crate. Lightly mark the position of the seat hole by making a few a lines on the crate using a marker or china pencil, or scoring with a knife, using the inner rim of the seat as a guide. Now you know where the bucket will sit. Lift the seat and position the bucket upside down over the markings. Trace the outline of the top of the bucket onto the crate. Cut out the circle with a jigsaw or keyhole saw.Cut the Legs The legs of the toilet support the crate so it sits flush with the top edge of the bucket. To figure out how long the legs should be cut, measure both the height of the bucket and the thickness of the crate’s bottom. Subtract that fraction of an inch representing the crate’s bottom thickness from the height of the bucket. The resulting number will be the length of the legs. The legs on our toilet are 13-1/2 inches long, but your measurements may vary, depending on the height of your bucket and the thickness of your crate.Attach the Legs The legs are positioned at the four corners of the crate, their ends braced against the floor of the crate. Attach them to the crate by threading cable ties through the plastic mesh of crate corners and tightening. Two ties, one high and one low, should hold the legs securely. If cable ties don’t appeal to you, you could bolt or screw the legs to the crate.Operating Instructions You’ll need a constant supply of sawdust to use as cover material. Ask around at wood shops and lumberyards for sawdust. Don’t use sawdust from chemically treated lumber, fiberboard, or plywood. This will be soil one day, and you don’t want those toxins in the soil. Sawdust works best in terms of coverage and odor control, though you can experiment with other carbon-rich cover materials, like chopped straw or hay. Whatever you use should be fine textured for proper coverage. Don’t use wood chips or wood shavings. They’re too “airy” and won't control odor well. Wood chips don’t compost easily, either.Keep a covered container of sawdust next to the dry toilet. You’ll need a scoop for the sawdust. We splurged on a nice metal scoop. Kelly insisted that if we were going to poop in a bucket, we needed that touch of class. You could make a scoop by cutting the end off a plastic jug: Keep the jug handle intact and make the cut at an angle, to form a scoop shape.Before the first use of the DIY composting toilet, put a deep layer of sawdust in the bottom of the bucket, about 3 to 4 inches. Do your business. The humanure toilet handles both solid and liquid waste. When you're finished, cover the deposit with a layer of sawdust. Try not to use too much sawdust—just enough to cover is plenty. Toilet paper can go in the bucket, but nothing else. Always keep the lid down when not in use. If odors arise, you’re probably not using enough sawdust. All you should smell is wet sawdust.When the bucket is full, take it outside to the compost pile.
The location of the toilet should be selected so that its emptying will be as easy as possible. If the toilet is installed indoors, the emptying facility should be located as close to the exit door as possible. Taking the waste out of the toilet through the living area is not reasonable, even in a closed container.The emptying site of the toilet tank should be located as close to the toilet as possible in order to avoid a long emptying distance. For example, it is a good idea to create a post-compost for waste from the Composting Toilet as near as possible to avoid having to wheelbarrow the emptied material back and forth.The liquid vessel needs to be dimensioned in accordance with the number of users and its location must be selected so that it is suitable for emptyingFree downward flow of the liquid must be ensured, so the collecting vessel needs to be placed so that the gradient is sufficient